경기도 안산시 대송갯벌 습지에 분포하는 관속식물상

오현경 ( Hyun Kyung Oh ),김세천 ( Se Chon Kim ),유주한 ( Ju Han You ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2014 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.17 No.2

This study is carried out to offer the raw data for conservation and management of tidal flat ecosystem by surveying and analysing the flora distributed in Daesong tidal flat wetland, Ahnsan-si, Gyeonggi-do coast, Korea. The results of surveying the flora were recorded as 186 taxa including 45 families, 121 genera, 170 species, 14 varieties and 2 forms. The halophytes checked around this site were 20 taxa including Atriplex gmelinii, Salicornia europaea, Suaeda glauca, Suaeda japonica, Phragmites communis, Carex scabrifolia and so forth. Polygonum bellardii that species had ecological value was the specific plant by floristic region. The growth locations of halophytes were 11 taxa of upper, 4 taxa of high tide line and 5 taxa of lower. The naturalized plants were 42 taxa including Phytolacca americana, Chenopodium glaucum, Melilotus alba, Veronica persica, Bidens pilosa, Leptochloa fusca and so forth. Because Aster subulatusand Leptochloa fusca grew a upper tidal flat wetland, they had the characteristics of halophytes. The focuses on the management of Daesong wetland were halophytes and naturalized plants. Firstly, to maintain a halophytes communities, we will sow the halophytes seeds and plant the individuals. And In-Situ conservation was applied to Polygonum bellardii habitat. Secondly, to prevent the genesis of naturalized plant, we will don`t disturb around the wetland environment. The invasive alien plant, Lactuca scariola, was removed by periodic monitoring and purification activity.

Ultrastructural Characteristics of Three Chenopod Halophytes Lacking Salt Excretion Structures

김인선,Sanggyu Park 한국식물학회 2010 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.52 No.4

Plants maintained in high soil salinity generally develop particular structures to either tolerate or survive such adverse environments. Excretion of excess ions by special salt glands or other similar structures is a wellknown phenomenon for regulating the mineral content of many halophytes. However, the three chenopod halophytes of Suaeda inhabit high saline soils, yet they exhibit no signs of salt excretion structures. The current study has been undertaken to assess the structural attributes of these halophytes to reveal their cellular characteristics during growth in salt tolerance. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy, as well as ion chromatography, have been employed for the study. One of the most noticeable features uncovered was the epidermal cutinization shown to be heavy on the outer epidermis and characterized externally by thick wax plates. Numerous vesicles and membranous invagination in the vacuoles were common features within the mesophyll cytoplasm. Invaginations of the vacuolar and/or plasma membrane frequently formed secondary vacuoles which later became distinct, membranebound compartments. Significant accumulation of solid sodium chloride salts was well demonstrated in the vacuoles of air-dried epidermis. Finally, salt tolerance mechanisms in these Suaeda have been discussed with respect to other halophyte modifications that improve salt tolerance in various ways.

Deploying root microbiome of halophytes to improve salinity tolerance of crops

Turgut Yigit Akyol,Shusei Sato,Ismail Turkan 한국식물생명공학회 2020 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.14 No.2

Salinization of the soils is one of the most prominent problems threatening global food security. Root microbiome engineering using biofertilizers provides a sustainable way to increase agricultural productivity. Halophytes, which are extremely salt-tolerant plants, can tolerate up to 1300 mM NaCl. Members of the halophytic root microbiome now provide a promising solution to meet the increased demand in the agricultural output. Here, we explore the members of this microbiome and explain the plant growth-promoting functions of them. We discuss the manipulation of the root microbiome with synthetic microbial communities including keystone microorganisms of the halophytic root microbiome. Importantly, we provide a simple method in R software to fi nd these putative keystone taxa using network analysis. We believe this strategy will provide a valuable tool for future studies performing the combined investigation of the root bacteria and fungi of halophytes.

강화 동검도 염습지 식생의 대형저서동물군집 분포에 영향을 주는 환경요인

이형곤,윤건탁,박흥식,홍재상,이재학 한국해양과학기술원 2016 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.38 No.2

This study examined the relationship between macrobenthic distribution patterns and environmental factors in salt marsh vegetation in Donggeomdo, Ganghwa on the west coast of Korea. Nine stations were fixed on a transect across the salt marsh vegetation, and field sampling was carried out monthly from July 1997 to June 1998. A total of 38 species of macrobenthos were recorded: each of faunal groups, 13 (34.2%) Arthropoda, 12 (31.6%) Polychaeta, 8 (21.1%) Mollusca, and 5 (13.2%) others. The mean density was 2,659 individuals/m2, with a mean biomass of 178.6 gWWt/m2. Mollusca dominated in terms of abundance and biomass, with a mean density of 2,172 individuals/m2 (81.7%) and a mean biomass of 131.9 gWWt/m2 (73.9%). The number of species decreased in winter (January−February), while mean density increased in the spring (May−June). The biomass was relatively in Summer and Fall (July− November), than any other season. The number of species was high in pure stands of Suaeda japonica in the lower salt marsh vegetation, and the mean density and biomass were high in mixed halophyte communities in the middle salt marsh vegetation. Two Mollusca, the bivalve Glauconome chinensis and gastropod Assiminea lutea, were dominant. The densities of these two species were high in mixed halophyte communities in the middle salt marsh vegetation. Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (nMDS) showed that the study area could be divided into four groups corresponding to the vertical distribution of tidal levels and halophytes. Spearman’s rank correlation revealed that the distribution patterns and community structure of macrobenthos were related to environment variables such as salinity of the substrates, exposure time, and grain size compositions of the sediment in the salt marsh vegetation. Particularly, the distribution and density of some dominant species showed differences along the vertical distributions of halophytes.

우리나라 중서부 서해안 대호 간척지의 식생 분포와 토양 염농도

김은규(Eun-Kyu Kim),정영상(Yeong-Sang Jung),주영규(Young K. Joo),정형근(Hyeung-Gun Jung),천소을(Soul Chun),이승헌(Sung-Hun Lee) 한국토양비료학회 2009 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.42 No.6

간척지에서 식생의 분포와 토양 염농도 간의 관계를 분석하기 위하여, 대호 간척지 한국농촌공사의 식생보전지구에서 본 연구를 수행하였다. 출현 식물 종을 분류하고, 집락 유형별로 토양 염농도를 측정하여 비교하였고, 식생도를 작성하였다. 대호 간척지의 식물 종은 주기적인 침수가 이루어지는 갯벌 및 초기간척지에 비해 매우 다양하였다. 출현한 식물 집락은 단일 종으로 이루어진 순수 집락과 여러 종의 혼합으로 이루어진 혼생 집락으로 구분되었다. 식물 집락별출현지의 토양 염농도에 근거할 때 퉁퉁마디, 해홍나물 및 나문재의 단일 집락은 토양 염농도가 31.05 dS/m 정도인 곳에, 이들의 혼생 집락은 42.75 dS/m에 출현하여 내염성이 강하였고, 사데풀, 갯개미취, 새섬매자기 등의 단일집락은 11.73 dS/m 인 곳에, 이들의 혼생집락은 9.43 dS/m 정도인 곳에 출현하여 저염생식물군의 특성을 보였고, 띠, 레드클로버, 억새, 강아지풀 및 잠자리피의 단일집락은 2.42 dS/m 정도인곳에 분포하여 내염성이 약한 중성식물군의 특성을 보였다. 이와 같이 식물 집락의 분포는 토양 염농도의 영향을 받고 있어, 간척지 토양의 염농도는 식물 집락분포의 제한요소로 작용함을 보였다. 이 결과는 토양 염농도에 따라 다르게 나타나는 식물 종과 식물 집락의 분포 양상이 간척지 토양의 탈염화 지표로 유용함을 시사하고 있다. Vegetation distribution and soil salinity were surveyed on the conservation plot in the Daeho reclaimed tidal land, in where the plants species distribution was more various than a periodically inundated tidal flat and the early stage of reclamation. According to the soil salinity where the vegetation patches were occurred, the mono patches of Salicornia europaea, Suaeda maritima, and Suaeda glauca were distributed in the average range of 31.05 dS/m in soil salinity, the mixed patches of them were distributed in the average range of 42.75 dS/m. Salicornia europaea, Suaeda maritima, and Suaeda glauca showed strong salt tolerance. The mono patches of Aster tripolium, Sonchus brachyotus, and Scirpus planiculm were distributed in the range of 11.73 dS/m in soil salinity, and the mixed patches were distributed in the average range of 9.43 dS/m. Therefore Aster tripolium, Sonchus brachyotus, and Scirpus planiculmis showed moderate salt tolerance. The mono patches of Imperata cylindrica, Trifolium pratense, Miscanthus sinensis, Setaria viridis, and Trisetum bifidum were distributed in the range of 2.42 dS/m in soil salinity. These species showed characteristics of glycophytes with weak salt tolerance. The distribution of vegetation patches was influenced by the soil salinity as pioneer halophytes patches occurred at higher soil salinity zone than facultative halophytes patches, glycophytes patches occurred at lower soil salinity zone than facultative halophytes. These results suggested that occurrence of plant species and plant distribution type might be useful index to evaluate the soil salinity and desalinization in the reclaimed land of the midwest coastal area of Korea.

갯방풍(Glehnia littoralis Fr. Schmidt ex Miq.)의 양액 염분 농도 및 생육 상태 실시간 모니터링 시스템 개발

양명균,염문선,조우재 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2022 농업생명과학연구 Vol.56 No.2

최근 농지 및 수자원의 염류화로 인해 염생식물에 대한 작물화와 생육 조건 구명을 위한 연구 필요성이 높아지고 있다. 그러나 재배 조건 변화에 따른 작물의 생육 및 기능성 성분 변화 분석을 위해서는 양액 및 작물 생육부 시료를 채취하여 이를 전처리 및 분석해야 하여 시간적, 인적 자원의 소모가 높다. 본 연구에서는 염생식물의 최적 생육 조건 구명을 효율적으로 수행하기 위해 비파괴적으로 재배 현장에서 실시간으로 작물 생육부와 수경재배 근권부의 염분 농도를 모니터링할 수 있는 시스템을 개발하였다. 개발 시스템을 통해 NaCl 0 mM, 50 mM, 150 mM, 300 mM의 4가지 농도 조건에서 갯방풍을 대상으로 재배실험을 수행한 결과, 재배 중 염분 농도 수치의 변화 및 염분 농도가 높을수록 생체중이 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 실제 생육 분석 결과에 따르면 개발 시스템을 통한 모니터링 결과에 상응하는 생체중 결과를 확인하여 염생식물의 생육 모니터링 적용이 가능할 것으로 평가되었다. 그러나 단위 생체중 당 기능성물질 함량의 경우, NaCl 농도가 증가할수록 증가하는 것으로 나타나 갯방풍의 상업적 재배 조건의 구명을 위해서는 생체중 외에 기능성 성분의 모니터링을 위한 시스템 보완이 필요하다고 판단되었다. Due to the recent salinization of farmland and water resources, the need for research on halophytes is increasing. However, to analyze the changes in crop growth and functional composition according to the varied cultivation conditions, samples of nutrient solution and plant tissues must be collected, pre-processed, and analyzed. These are highly time-consuming and laborious. In this study, a system was developed that can non-destructively monitor the salinity concentration of the hydroponic rhizome and crop growth in real-time at the cultivation site to efficiently investigate the optimal growth conditions of halophytes. From the application experiment with Glehnia littoralis under four salinity conditions(i.e., NaCl 0 mM, 50 mM, 150 mM, 300 mM), the proposed system showed the salinity changes in the nutrient solutions and the increase of the fresh weight according to the NaCl concentration. The actual growth analysis confirmed that the relationship between the fresh weight and the salinity was corresponded to the monitoring system, indicating the system feasibility on the growth monitoring of halophytes. However, in the case of the functional materials per unit fresh weight, it was found that the functional materials per unit fresh weight increased as the NaCl concentration increased. In a further study, on-site monitoring of the functional ingredients is necessary to investigate the commercial cultivation conditions of Glehnia littoralis.

염생식물을 이용한 항만 녹색공간 창출기법에 관한 연구

명현호(Myeong, Hyeon-Ho),이점숙(Lee, Jeom-Sook),전지영(Jeon, Ji-Young),송만순(Song, Man-Soon) 한국해안해양공학회 2011 한국해안해양공학회 논문집 Vol.23 No.1

항만생태계 녹색공간 창출을 위해 우리나라 항만에 분포하는 식물상특성, 환경요인분석, 항만유형분석, 적합종, 최소보존면적산출을 통해 식재모식도를 작성하였다. 50개 조사지역에서 44과 174종의 관속식물이 출현하였으며, 그중 염생식물은 19과 48종이 분포하였다. 우점군락은 통보리사초, 갯그령, 좀보리사초, 갯씀바귀, 순비기나무, 갯메꽃, 해당화, 갯완두, 솔장다리, 우산잔디, 번행초, 칠면초, 해홍나물, 갯잔디, 갈대를 포함하여 15개 군락이 분포하였다. 조사지역에 분포하는 식물군락과 환경요인과의 Canonical Correspondence Analysis(CCA) 결과 Clay marsh, Sand marsh, Sand gravel marsh 유형으로 분류되었다. 생육지 유형별 적합종으로 clay marsh는 칠면초, 갈대, 갯잔디, 해홍나물 sand marsh는 갯그령, 갯씀바귀, 통보리사초, 좀보리사초 sand gravel marsh는 갯메꽃, 순비기나무가 선정되었다. 적합종에 대한 최소보전면적을 산출하고 항만생태계 세부 유형별로 가이드라인과 모식도를 작성하였다. To make conservative port and coast ecosystems and creative the greenspace, We were investigated with characteristic of flora, environmental factors, types of port, adaptive species, minimum conservation area and plantation model. In 50 sites of study areas, there are 19 families and 174 species of vascular plants and 19 families and 48 species of halophytes. Dominant communities in port ecosystem contains Carex kobomugi community, Elymus mollis community, Carex pumila community, Ixeris repens community, Vitex rutundifolia community, Calystegia soldandlla community, Rosa rugosa community, Lathyrus japonica community, Salsola komarovi community, Cynodon dactylon community, Tetragonia tetragonioides community, Suaeda japonica community, Suaeda maritima community, Zoysia sinica community and Phragmites communis community. We carried out Canonical Correspondence Analysis(CCA) for ordinations on the vegetation and plant communities-environmental variable matrices in 50 sites. The communities tended to cluster into three types: Clay marsh, Sand marsh, Sand gravel marsh types. Adaptive species in habitate types are selected that sand marsh-type communities in ports contained Elymus mollis community, Ixeris repens community, Carex kobomugi community, Carex pumila community, Clay marsh-type communities contained Suaeda japonica community, Phragmites communis community, Zoysia sinica community and Suaeda maritima community, Sand gravel marsh-type communities contained Vitex rutundifolia community, Calystegia soldandlla community. We are conducted the estimation of minimal area for plantation of adaptive plant species and carried out guide line and plantation model for creation of green space in port ecosystem.

순천만 염생식물 서식지의 토양 간극수 특성

공병욱 ( Byeong-wook Kong ),박동철 ( Dong-cheol Park ),손화성 ( Hwa-seong Son ),이우진 ( Woo-jin Lee ),서하나 ( Ha-na Seo ),라덕관 ( Deog-gwan Ra ),정정조 ( Cheong-jo Cheong ) 한국환경기술학회 2018 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.19 No.3

순천만 염생식물 서식지의 토양간극수 환경특성을 파악하여, 염생식물 복원 및 관리를 위한 기초자료 제공의 목적으로 2016년 8월에서 2016년 10월까지 조사를 실시한 결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 염생식물 서식지의 간극수를 파악한 결과, 갈대서식지의 경우는 DO 3.41 mg/L로 가장 낮은 농도를 보였으며, pH 7.01, 염분농도 20.9 psu, 전기전도도 32.7 mS/cm 및 COD 14.28mg/L의 평균값을 나타내었다. 그리고 DIN 및 T-N은 4.28, 7.62 mg/L를 나타내고 있었으며, DIP 및 T-P는 0.93, 1.12 mg/L의 평균농도를 나타내었다. 칠면초의 경우는 염분 및 전기전도도가 31.2 psu 및 48.3 mS/cm로 타 염생식물에 비해 높은 값을 보였으나, 대부분의 항목에서 타염생식물과 비슷한 농도를 나타내고 있었다. 새섬매자기의 경우는 pH가 7.34, COD 및 질소계 영양염류가 타 염생식물에 비해 높은 농도를 보였으며, 천일사초의 경우는 염분농도 및 전기전도도가 13.9 psu, 23.2 mS/cm로 타 염생식물에 비해 낮은 농도를 보였다. 비서식지의 토양간극수 특성을 파악한 결과, pH 7.09, DO 4.05 mg/L, 염분농도 및 전기전도도 29.5 psu, 44.1 mS/cm를 나타내었다. 또한 DIN 및 T-N이 9.42 mg/L, 17.71 mg/L, DIP 및 T-P는 0.36 mg/L 및 0.48mg/L를 나타내며, 염생식물 서식지의 토양간극수와 비슷한 환경을 보이고 있었다. 순천만 염생식물 서식지의 토양간극수 특성을 파악함으로써, 염생식물의 서식 특성을 파악할 수 있었다. 그러나 효율적인 관리 및 복원 방안 수립에 있어서는 제한성이 있기에, 서식지의 토양환경과 같은 물리화학적 파악과 주변 환경을 고려한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of soil pore water of halophytes habitats and to provide information for restoration and management of halophytes in the Suncheon Bay. We investigated the characteristics of soil pore water from August 2016 to October 2016. Specific conclusions derived from this study are as follows. Soil pore water of Phragmites communis habitats was shown the lowest DO(3.41 mg/L) in the survey sites. It was shown average concentration that pH and salinity are 7.01, 20.9 psu and electric conductivity and COD are 32.7 mS/cm, 14.28 mg/L. Also, it had average concentration that DIN and T-N are 4.28, 7.62 mg/L and, DIP and T-P are 0.93, 1.12 mg/L. In the case of Suaeda japonica, salinity and electronic conductivity were higher than other halophytes such as 31.2 psu and 48.3 mS/cm, while other items showed similar concentrations. Soil pore water of Scirpus planiculmis habitats had 7.34 of pH and was shown higher concentration of COD and nitrogenous nutrients than other habitats. In the case of Carex scabritolia, it had lower concentration of salinity and electric conductivity than other habitats such as 13.9 psu and 23.2 mS/cm. Soil pore water of nonvegetation had 7.09 of pH, 4.05 mg/L of DO, 29.5 psu of salinity and 44.1 mS/cm of electric conductivity. Also, it had average concentration that DIN, T-N, DIP and T-P are 9.42 mg/L, 17.71 mg/L, 0.36 mg/L and 0.48 mg/L, was shown environment similar to the soil pore water of halophytes habitats. We could understand characteristics of halophytes habitats through soil pore water of halophytes habitats in the Suncheon Bay. But it is a limit to the establishment of plans of efficient management and restoration, so it is necessary to further research that consider physicochemical identification such as soil environment and surrounding environment.

Floristics of Halophytes and Hydrophytes in the Jungseonpo, Gwingok, and Gwangyangseo Rivers

Man Kyu Huh(허만규) 한국생명과학회 2020 생명과학회지 Vol.30 No.2

염생식물은 해수와 염분 토양에 강한 염분 내성에 적응된 식물이다. 본 연구는 중선포천(경상남도 사천시), 관곡천(경상남도 하동군), 광양 서천(전라남도 광양시)에서 염생식물과 수생식물의 분포를 규명하기 위해 수행하였다. 중선포천에서는 총 6종의 염생식물과 10종의 수생식물이 수집되었다. 관곡천과 중선포천에서는 각각 5종, 11종의 염생식물이 관찰되었다. 관곡천과 중선포천에서는 각각 5과 13종, 8과 16종의 수생식물이 관찰되었다. 이 중 모새달(Phacelurus latifolius)은 한국의 서부와 남부에 국지적으로 분포하여, 이 종은 생태 및 보존적 멸종위기종이다. 개발에 따른 분포지의 축소가 일어나고 있어 많은 염생 식물종의 개체수가 줄어들고 있다. 남해안에 있는 세 하천의 본 조사 지역은 염생식물의 분포가 지역간 차이가 있었고, 염생식물이 잘 받달된 서해안과도 달랐다. 돌가시나무(Rosa wichuraiana)를 비롯한 7종이 과거 기록에 추가되었다. Halophytes are physiologically adapted to withstand the high salinity of water and saline soil. This study was conducted to elucidate the distribution of halophytes and hydrophytes in the Jungseonpo River (Sacheon-ci, Gyeongsangnam-do), Gwingok River (Hadong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do), and Gwangyangseo River (Gwangyang-ci, Jeollanam-do) in Korea. A total of six species of halophytes and ten species of hydrophytes were collected in the Jungseonpo River. Halophytes in the Gwingok River and Gwangyangseo River numbered five species and 11 species, respectively. Hydrophytes in the Gwingok River and the Gwangyangseo River numbered 13 species in five families and 16 species in eight families, respectively. Of these, Phacelurus latifolius, endemic to the west and south coast of Korea, is an endangered species in the context of investigating the ecology and conservation of halophyte species. Many individual halophyte species have been diminished due to reduced habitable area caused by sand dune destruction. The rivers in the three areas on the south coast were also different in terms of distribution of salt plants due to regional differences, and they were all different from the well-developed west coast. Seven species, including Rosa wichuraiana, have been added to South coasts compared to past records.

한반도 해안염습지와 사구 염생식물 분포

심현보,조원범,최병희 한국식물분류학회 2009 식물 분류학회지 Vol.39 No.4

To elucidate the distribution of halophytes in Korea, we surveyed 95 coastal salt marsh and sand dune areas. As a result, 62 halophytes of 57 species, 4 varieties and 1 form belonging to 44 genera and 21 families were recorded from coastal regions and islands of South Korea. Of these, 33 taxa were plants growing on sand dunes and the other 29 in salt marsh. Fifty eight taxa were found on the west coast, which was surveyed at 61 areas. The most common species among them were Suaeda glauca (Bunge) Bunge, Suaeda japonica Makino, Phragmites communis Trin., Zoysia sinica Hance, Carex scabrifolia Steud. in salt marsh, and Salsola komarrovii Iljin, Lathyrus japonicus Willd., Limonium tetragonum (Thunb.) A.A. Bulloc, Calystegia soldanella Roem. & Schult. on sand dunes. On the other hand, only 45 taxa were found on the southern coast, surveyed at 15 areas. On the east coast, surveyed at 13 areas, 44 taxa were found. The most common species were Salsola komarrovii Iljin, Lathyrus japonicus Willd., Calystegia soldanella Roem. & Schult., on sand dunes and Linaria japonica Miq., which on the Korean peninsula is found only on the east coast. On Jeju Island, surveyed at 6 areas, 30 taxa of halophytes were found. Canavalia lineata (Thunb.) DC. is found in Korea only on Jeju Island. About half of the Korean halophytes were members of three families (Chenopodiaceae: 12 species, Poaceae: 12 species and Asteraceae: 7 species). 본 연구는 한반도산 염생식물 분포를 밝히기 위해 해안 염습지와 사구 95지역을 조사하였다. 연구결과 남한의 해안과 섬지역 등에서 21과 44속 57종 4변종 1품종 등 62 염생식물이 기록되었다. 이 중 33분류군은 사구에 자라며, 나머지 29분류군은 염습지에 자라는 식물이다. 61지역이 조사된 서해안에는 58분류군이 분포하였으며, 이들 중 염습지에서는 나문재, 칠면초, 갈대, 갯잔디, 천일사초가, 사구에서는 수송나물, 갯완두, 갯길경, 갯메꽃이 많이 발견되었다. 한편 15지역이 조사된 남해안에는 서해안 보다 적은 45분류군이 분포하였다. 13지역이 조사된 동해안에는 44분류군이 분포하였으며, 흔히 발견된 식물은 수송나물, 갯완두, 갯메꽃으로 모두 사구식물이다. 해란초는 한반도에서는 동해안에서만 조사되었다. 6 지역이 조사된 제주도에는 30분류군이 분포하였다. 해녀콩은 국내에서는 제주도에서만 발견되었다. 한국산 염생식물 중 약 절반은 12종의 명아주과, 12종의 벼과, 7종의 국화과 등 3과에 속하였다.