Characterization of coronary plaque regions in intravascular ultrasound images using a hybrid ensemble classifier

Hwang, Yoo Na,Lee, Ju Hwan,Kim, Ga Young,Shin, Eun Seok,Kim, Sung Min Elsevier 2018 Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine Vol.153 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background and objectives</B></P> <P>The purpose of this study was to propose a hybrid ensemble classifier to characterize coronary plaque regions in intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) images.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>Pixels were allocated to one of four tissues (fibrous tissue (FT), fibro-fatty tissue (FFT), necrotic core (NC), and dense calcium (DC)) through processes of border segmentation, feature extraction, feature selection, and classification. Grayscale IVUS images and their corresponding virtual histology images were acquired from 11 patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease using 20 MHz catheter. A total of 102 hybrid textural features including first order statistics (FOS), gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), extended gray level run-length matrix (GLRLM), Laws, local binary pattern (LBP), intensity, and discrete wavelet features (DWF) were extracted from IVUS images. To select optimal feature sets, genetic algorithm was implemented. A hybrid ensemble classifier based on histogram and texture information was then used for plaque characterization in this study. The optimal feature set was used as input of this ensemble classifier. After tissue characterization, parameters including sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated to validate the proposed approach. A ten-fold cross validation approach was used to determine the statistical significance of the proposed method.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Our experimental results showed that the proposed method had reliable performance for tissue characterization in IVUS images. The hybrid ensemble classification method outperformed other existing methods by achieving characterization accuracy of 81% for FFT and 75% for NC. In addition, this study showed that Laws features (SSV and SAV) were key indicators for coronary tissue characterization.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>The proposed method had high clinical applicability for image-based tissue characterization.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> This study characterized coronary plaque regions in sequential IVUS image frames. </LI> <LI> A hybrid ensemble classifier was employed for plaque characterization. </LI> <LI> This method outperformed other existing methods by achieving high accuracy especially in NC and FFT. </LI> <LI> Laws features (SSV and SAV) were key indicators for coronary tissue characterization. </LI> <LI> The proposed method had great performance for tissue characterization in IVUS images. </LI> </UL> </P>

정선아라리의 민요생태와 문화적 의미

강등학 한국민요학회 2008 한국민요학 Vol.23 No.-

Arirang was originally a traditional song of country, but it entered into the city by professional singer in the later 19th centry. From this the song was popularized for a urbiculture. And after coming of the nineteen-thirty Arirang was composed with new musical genre which was introduced, or influenced from a foreign culture. Recently it has been composing over the almost all popular song of trot, dance, rock, ballard, hip-hap, etc. Each age takes on a new cultural phase. So Arirang has been newly remaking and forming character according to the cultural phase of the times. For example, Afirang was originally sung by womenfolk, picking wild vegetables, and menfolk, gathering firewood in Chongson, yet it became a repertory of professional singer at the 19th centry Seoul. And Tohyun-Yun, popular singer of Korea, sang Arirang as a rooter’s song during 2002 World Cup in korea and Japan. As well SG Wannabe, also popsinger team of Korea, made Arirang the most popular ballad in 2007. Arirang as a traditional song of country is the song through which the underprivileged expressed their emotion and hardship. In other words it is acted on instrument of speech by the underprivileged. This cultural character of Arirang is most intrinsic among the attributes of the song. A theme song of the movie Aairang made in 1926 preserved like that character. There are a lot of Arirang songs which are diffrent in appearance. However internally they have something in common, that we can say the genetic trait of Arirang. Therefore Arirang which womenfolk in Chongson sang, a rooter’s song Arirang of Tohyun-Yun, and a ballad Arirang of SG Wannabe that have common genetic character. By the way Chongson is the most active region where Arirang has been handed down. So we can say that Chongson is a central root place of Arirang. Consequently we should pay attention to Chongson Arirang for study on the genetic character of all Arirang songs. Arirang was originally a traditional song of country, but it entered into the city by professional singer in the later 19th centry. From this the song was popularized for a urbiculture. And after coming of the nineteen-thirty Arirang was composed with new musical genre which was introduced, or influenced from a foreign culture. Recently it has been composing over the almost all popular song of trot, dance, rock, ballard, hip-hap, etc. Each age takes on a new cultural phase. So Arirang has been newly remaking and forming character according to the cultural phase of the times. For example, Afirang was originally sung by womenfolk, picking wild vegetables, and menfolk, gathering firewood in Chongson, yet it became a repertory of professional singer at the 19th centry Seoul. And Tohyun-Yun, popular singer of Korea, sang Arirang as a rooter’s song during 2002 World Cup in korea and Japan. As well SG Wannabe, also popsinger team of Korea, made Arirang the most popular ballad in 2007. Arirang as a traditional song of country is the song through which the underprivileged expressed their emotion and hardship. In other words it is acted on instrument of speech by the underprivileged. This cultural character of Arirang is most intrinsic among the attributes of the song. A theme song of the movie Aairang made in 1926 preserved like that character. There are a lot of Arirang songs which are diffrent in appearance. However internally they have something in common, that we can say the genetic trait of Arirang. Therefore Arirang which womenfolk in Chongson sang, a rooter’s song Arirang of Tohyun-Yun, and a ballad Arirang of SG Wannabe that have common genetic character. By the way Chongson is the most active region where Arirang has been handed down. So we can say that Chongson is a central root place of Arirang. Consequently we should pay attention to Chongson Arirang for study on the genetic character of all Arirang songs.

유전자 알고리즘을 이용한 사용자 행동패턴 기반 지능 캐릭터 게임에 관한 연구

이면섭 한국지식정보기술학회 2012 한국지식정보기술학회 논문지 Vol.7 No.6

This paper applied Genetic Algorithm to intelligent character in the rock-paper-scissors game. The intelligent character was made to counteract when an opposite character took particular pattern in their behavior. Also, this character was considered past behavior to counteract to behavioral pattern of the opposite character. To evaluate suggested method, the thesis took 2 different experiment. The first experiment did a game about intelligent character and particular pattern, and the second experiment did a game between intelligent character and human. This thesis evaluated the result of two experience. By changing the game's pattern in the middle of the game, this investigated how these characters adapt to the changed settings. Consequently, this thesis gained good result of the two patterns, and confirmed that the characters adjusted well even to the changed surroundings. Intelligent character could win by predicting the next number when pattern or same number is given consecutively in a game with human.

상대캐릭터의 행동패턴에 적응하는 지능캐릭터의 구현

이면섭,조병헌,정성훈,성영락,오하령,Lee, Myun-Sub,Cho, Byeong-Heon,Jung, Sung-Hoon,Seong, Yeong-Rak,Oh, Ha-Ryoung 대한전자공학회 2005 電子工學會論文誌 IE (Industry electronics) Vol.42 No.3

본 논문에서는 유전자 알고리즘을 이용하여 특정 행동 패턴을 보이는 상대 캐릭터에 적절히 적응할 수 있는 대전 액션 게임용 지능캐릭터의 구현 방법을 제안한다. 이를 위하여 현재 행동과 단계뿐 만 아니라 과거행동까지 고려하여 학습한다. 제안한 방법이 얼마나 효과가 있는지 알아보기 위하여 현재의 행동과 단계만을 적용한 실험(실험-1)과 과거 행동을 추가한 행동패턴을 적용한 실험(실험-2) 결과를 비교 분석하였다. 실험 평가는 두 캐릭터가 획득한 점수를 측정하여 그 비로써 평가하였다. 실험 결과 초기에는 실험-1에서 높은 점수비로 시작하지만 일정 세대 이후부터는 실험-2의 점수비가 좋아지며, 실험-2에서는 모두 최적해를 찾을 수 있었다. 또한 실험-2에서 지능 캐릭터는 행동이 완료되는 시점에서 최대의 점수를 얻기 위해 이동(전진,후진)이나 시간 지연 동작을 하여 스스로 진화하면서 게임 규칙을 학습함을 보았다. This paper proposes an implementation method of intelligent characters that can properly adapt to action patterns of opponent characters in fighting games by using genetic algorithm. For this intelligent characters, past actions patterns of opponent characters should be included in the learning process. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, two types of experiments are performed and their results are compared. In first experiment(exp-1), intelligent characters consider current action and its step of an opponent character. In second experiment (exp-2), on the other hands, they take past actions of an opponent characters into account additionally. As a performance index, the ratio of score obtained by an intelligent character to that of an opponent character is adopted. Experimental results shows that even if the performance index of exp-1 is better than that of exp-2 at the beginning of stages, but the performance index of exp-2 outperforms that of exp-1 as stages go on. Moreover, optimum solutions are always found in all experimental cases in exp-2. Futhermore, intelligent characters in exp-2 could learn moving actions (forward and backward) and waiting actions for getting more scores through self evolution.

B-cell 림프종의 분자생물학적 특성

이혜란 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.4

Malignant transformation of B cells can take place in various stages of lymphocyte development, from early B-cell progenitors to mature B cells. Therefore, B cell malignancies are heterogeneous regarding their biologic and clinical behavior. In the past decades, significant progress has been made in understanding of B-cell lymphomagenesis through the genetic characterization. Several genes deregulated by such recurrent chromosomal aberrations have been identified. Recent advances in microarray technology allow more specific assessment of gene dysregulation in B cell oncogenesis and provide a new means for exact defining the molecular diagnosis of distinct lymphoma subtypes. However, despite indentification of recurrent chromosomal aberration, their functional consequences and exact mechanisms of lymphomagenesis remained to be elucidated. Future study should be focused on these functional questions.

유전 알고리즘을 활용한 게임 캐릭터 능력치 생성 방식

노해선(Hae-Sun No),이대웅(Dae-Woong Rhee) 한국게임학회 2018 한국게임학회 논문지 Vol.18 No.4

게임 캐릭터의 성장은 능력 수치의 가감으로 표현되는데, 이때 능력 요소는 게임에 따라 다양하게 정의되고, 사용된다. 본 논문에서는 캐릭터의 능력 요소가 어떻게 정의되고 사용되는지 알아보고, 캐릭터의 생성할 때, 능력 수치를 부여하는 방식에 대해 제안하고자 한다. 본 방식은 캐릭터의 성장을 시간이라는 요소와 연결하여 시간의 변화에 맞추어 캐릭터가 적합한 능력 수치를 가지고 생성되도록 유전 알고리즘을 활용하여 디자인한다. 시간의 변화에 맞춘 실험을 통해 제안한 방식의 유효성을 검증한다. The growth of a game character is represented by the addition and subtraction of the status value. The status factors are variously defined and used depending on the kind of games. In this paper, we propose how character`s status elements are defined and used. We also propose a method for assigning a status value when generating a character considering growth. This method is designed using genetic algorithms to link the growth of a character with an element of time and to generate a character with the appropriate status value according to the change of time. The proposed method is verified through experiments based on time variation.

한국과 중국 인삼자원들의 양적 형질 특성과 유전적 유연관계 분석

송범헌,오문국,김도현,정종욱 한국약용작물학회 2017 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.25 No.6

Background: This study was conducted to acquire basic information on the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the germplasm of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer collected from China and Korea, and identify the variations that can be utilized in ginseng breeding programs. Methods and Results: Quantitative parameters were evaluated, and used to compare and analyze on genetic polymorphisms in the germplasm. The genetic characteristics and classifications were compared and analyzed for each character. Stem length followed a normal frequency distribution ranging from 15.5 ㎝ to 40.5 ㎝, with showing approximately 40% having a stem length of 20 - 30 ㎜. Stem diameters ranged from 2.7 ㎜ to 11.3 ㎜. Stem number per plant ranged from 1 to 3; approximately 50% had a single stem, and 45% had two stems. A non-normal frequency distribution was observed for petiole number, with approximately 60% of the germplasm having 3 - 5 petioles. Petiole length exhibited a normal frequency distribution, raging from 4.5 to 10.6. Petiole angle in the germplasm ranged from 28° to 89° and seedstalk length ranged from 5.6 ㎝ to 27.3 ㎝. Conclusions: The genetic polymorphisms identified by complete linkage clustering based on the quantitative characteristics of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer collected from Korea and China were classified to 6 groups, namely I, II, III, IV, V, and VI with frequencies of 6.7%, 20.0%, 31.7%, 8.3%, 6.7%, and 26.7%, respectively.

동위효소 및 RAPD분석에 의한 한국재래종 누에계통의 계통학적 특성

이재만 ( Lee Jae Man ),노시갑 ( Nho Si Kab ) 한국잠사학회 2001 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.43 No.2

집누에는 지리적인 특징에 의해 중국종, 일본종, 유럽종, 열대종 및 한국종으로 분류된다. 한국종계통은 품종수도 적을 뿐만 아니라 관련 연구도 미미한 실정이다. 본 연구는 한국재래종으로 추측되는 품종들을 국내 ? 외로부터 수집하여 동위효소 및 체액단백지유전자와 RAPD 다형분석을 실시하여 한국재래종 계통의 품종적 유연관계와 계통특성을 밝히고자 하였다. 1. 동위효소유전자의 분석결과, 몇 개의 유전자군에서 한국재래종과 타 지역종간에 유전자형 및 유전자 빈도의 차이가 명확히 나타났다. 2. RAPD의 결과를 UPGMA법에 의해 분석한 결과, 집누에군과 멧누에군으로 크게 구분되었으며 유전적 유사계수 0.6930을 기준으로 한국재래종, 일본종 및 중국종으로 그룹화되었다. 3. 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 한국재래종 누에계통은 하나의 지역종 원종계통으로 분류될 수 있는 명확한 유전적 특성을 가지는 것은 물론 한국종의 계통특성도 뚜렷한 것으로 확인되었다. This study was conducted to elucidate phylogenetic relationships and genetic characterization of silkworms that might be recohnized as the Korean native strains. Genetic characterization in isozymes and the proteins of larval hemolymph of 17 silkworms were observed by acrylamide gel eletrophoresis, on 12 genes; Bph, Bes, Ies, Amy-hc, Ict-A, -B,-D, -E -H,Pfl, Pst, Lp. Gene frequencies in each locus were compared other geographic strains. Korean native strains were remarkably different from others considered as the genetic characterization of Korean native strains. Phylogenetic relationships in Korean native strains were analysed using RAPD-PCR markers. A total of 40 primers were used and 346 bands of amplified DNA were generated from geographic strains, Genetic similarity based on the RAPD bands was used to construct phylogenetic dendrogram based on analysis of band sharing data of amplified markers. Genetic similarity ranged from 0.595 to 0.860. In the genetic relationship based on dendrogram, they were classified into Bombyxmori group (including 16 domesticated silkworm strains) and B. mandarina group. The Bombyx mori group was separated into three sub-groups at the genetic similarity of 0.6930, including Korean, Japanese and Chinese groups. According to this result, the Korean native variety can be considered as a clearly different variety from other geographic strains. It may be concluded that the Korean native strains are also one of original geographic rariety such as Japanese, Chinese, etc.

Genetic Diversity of Nigerian Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) Germplasm based on Microsatellite Markers

A.O. Yusuf,A. Culham,W. Aljuhani,C.D. Ataga,A. M. Hamza,J.O. Odewale,L. O. Enaberue 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Bio-Science and Bio-Techn Vol.7 No.1

Characterization of date palm cultivars is a complex task using morphological traits alone since morphological markers are dependent on plant developmental stage and influenced by the environment. However, DNA fingerprinting can complement and enhance the discriminatory power of morphological traits. The study was conducted to investigate genetic diversity amongst fourteen cultivars of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) from Nigeria and Saudi Arabia using microsatellite markers. The aim was to determine the genetic and geographical patterns of Nigeria and Saudi Arabia date palms. Molecular study conducted using six microsatellite markers employed on fourteen cultivars, ten from Nigeria and four from Saudi Arabia, revealed 83.3% polymorphism which indicated high genetic diversity among the cultivars studied. The amplified products ranged in size from 127 to 304 bp. A total of 42 alleles with an average of seven alleles per locus were scored. Two of the markers, MpdCIR025 and MpdCIR050, distinctively characterized six cultivars. This study indicated that variation observed among the cultivars followed a geographical pattern. However, this study was not able to show any alleles that might be linked to gender in date cultivars. Inclusion of more molecular markers in such a study might provide more accurate differentiation and possibly gender discrimination in date palm.

Genetic Characterization of Haemagglutinin 1 Domain of Influenza B Viruses Isolated in Korea during $1988{\sim}1999$

Shin, Gu-Choul,Na, Byoung-Kuk,Lee, Joo-Yeon,Ahn, Jung-Bae,Park, Jong-Won,Lee, Jin-Soo,Kim, Jee-Hee,Kim, Woo-Joo,Kang, Chun The Korean Society for Microbiology 2003 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.33 No.4

Although Korean influenza virus isolates have been genetically associated with the vaccine strains of the corresponding year, influenza B viruses have prevailed almost every year in Korea during the past decades. We have 'analyzed the genetic characteristics and evolutionary patterns of the haemagglutinin (HA) 1 domains of influenza B viruses isolated during 1988-1999 using direct RT-PCR and sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of influenza B viruses isolated in Korea indicated that antigenically and genetically distinguishable strains of the lineage II and lineage III variants had been cocirculated. Variants prevailed in early 1990s are represented in 1996/97 and 1998/99 and some different variants have been co circulated geographically and prevailed concurrently in Korea. All HA1s of Korean isolates have amino acid substitutions mainly in the region between position 124 and 310, which was previously proposed an immunodominant region. Insertion-deletion patterns of the HA gene revealed that Korean influenza B viruses were evolved from Lee40 with different manner between lineage II and III viruses. Lineage III viruses were also divided into two groups as conserved group and inserted group, in relation to Lee40. But lineage II viruses had evolved with directional pattern. Antigenic index proposed that influenza B isolates prevailed since 1996/97 seasons might had emerged from the antigenic variants of a Seo1697-like virus and that new variants might appear from the lineage II viruses resulting in persistent prevalence in Korea.