영.호남 산간지역 정주생활권 마을숲의 비교 - 전북 진안군과 경남 함양군 지역을 사례로 -

박재철,정경숙,김영숙,장혜화 한국조경학회 2002 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.30 No.1

This paper compares the difference between the village groves in the Jinan settlement region and the Hamyang settlment region in Honam and the Youngnam mountainous region. The results are as follows: Fifty-one village groves in the Jinan legion were found and 40 village groves were found in the Hamyang region. It was established that the village groves in the Jinan region of Honam province were conserved better than those of Hamyang region of Youngnam province. In the Jinan area, the village groves were principally found in the Jinan-eup and the Hamyang regions, primarily in Seosang-myun and Aneui-myun. So it was determined that the village groves were distributed inequitably in the two regions. In L / W ratio, the Jinan region is 3.6 and Hamyang region is 2.0 Jinan is 1.8 times greater than Hamyang. Therefore, it was concluded that Jinan is stronger than Hamyang in linear function of the village groves. Stone stooge for complementation function was found in 11 village groves in the Jinan region and 6 village groves in Hamyang. So the percentage of the remaining stone storage is 15-20 % of all village groves. Regarding grove makeup, the village gloves in Jinan region is deciduous forest principally. In contrast, the groves of Hamyang are principally coniferous forest. The dominant tree of the Jinan-gun region is Zelkova serrata, but in Hamyang it is Pinus densiflrora. By number, Hamyang region has two times the trees than Jinan region. In density of stand, the Hamyang region is 76.2% higher than Jinan region. In height and diameter of trees, the Jinan region is greater than the Hamyang region. It was identified that RSI of both region is 40%. So in density of trees, both region are sparse. This paper has a limit in ideiltiting the differences between Yolmg-nam ar\ulcorner Hnam village groves because comparative review only examined two regions.

Ecological Functions and Losses of Traditional Korean Village Groves

Lee, D.-W.,Park, C.-R. Korea Association For Quaternary Research 2004 제사기학회지 Vol.18 No.2

There have been groves, in many cases, along with hedgerows and remnant forests around a traditional Korean village. A village grove is very closely connected to the life of residents. Sometimes it was a holy place where important village festivals were held, and became a resting place for farmers, especially in sunny summer. As a matter of fact, it is noted that traditional Korean village groves had been fostered for many purpose as religion, Confucianism, scenery, sanitation, traffic guard, public security, agriculture, hunting, and military and public uses were included in Chosun Govemor General(1938). Village groves were usually located at the outlet of watershed inside which a village was built. In addition, village groves used to be established along part of mountain ranges, streams and streets. A unique type of village grove, called bibosoop was fostered especially where the outlet of watershed was largely opened. In other cases, it was placed where a part of mountain range was relatively low, or where village residents were likely to see ugly objects such as a huge cliff, stony upland with an unvegetated area and the like(Kim and Jang 1994). In a sense, a sheltebelt is a sort of bibosoop as it is a landscape element to complement places that are exposed to strong winds. However, it is comparable to other typical bibosoop that is situated at a topographically very specific zone of watershed. In this paper, we will address potential functions of Korean village groves from a perspective of modern landscape ecology and show current status of some remnants, based on preliminary surveys. A village grove functions as barrier or filter of objects such as water, nutrients, and other elements and habitat of wildlife (park et al. 2003, Lee 2004). The village grove slows down the flow of water and air, maintains soil moisture an hinders soil erosion, enabling cultivation of crops and bringing up creatures nearby. It contributes to enhancing biodiversity. Birds rest on shrubby and woody trees of the element. Presumably, other organisms may also inhabit the village groves and take advantage of it when those move from a forest patch to others. Emerging insects acclimate themselves in the shade of the green space before they fly to sunny air. Besides the village grove acts as a component of agroforestry system as leaf litter is shed from a grove to an asjacent agricultural area, and transformed into green manure(Lee 2004). By the way, many of the landscape elements were destroyed or declined in Koea during the past several decades. The losses have been parallel or linked to environmental degradation. Unfortunately, we have a little reliable data as for how many groves have disappeared in Korea until now. There has been no complete census on the village groves in Korea, and the viewpoints of survey were to a degree different depending on surveyors. So, it is difficult to analyze the temporal and spatial change of village groves. Currently, national inventory data of Korean village groves are available in three reports. We reviewed the locations of village groves and arranged those according to the present administrative units, DONG. With the limited data, we found that at least 484 of village groves were recorded in South Korea. Among all provinces, village groves were most in Gyeongsanbuk-Do Province and least in Chungcheongbuk-Do Province(Table 1). This is a preliminary report prepared while some quantitative data regarding functions and lossers of the village groves are being collected. More detailed data will be introduced in the near future.

‘대나무 숲’과 산호ㆍ민요의 기능적 유사성 연구

곽은희(Kwak Eun-hee) 한글학회 2016 한글 Vol.- No.312

이 연구는 ‘대나무 숲’ 현상을 언중의 의식을 표현하고 추구하는 기저 의미를 지닌 통시적 현상으로 고찰하고자 했다. 사회언어학적인 측면에서 현대 통신 수단인 SNS 트위터 공간에서 나타나는 ‘대나무 숲’ 현상을 통해 언중들의 발화와 소통에 대한 연구를 한 것이다. ‘대나무 숲’은 소통과 발화에 관한 사회의 문제점을 언중이 어떻게 해결하고 있는지 보여주는 예이다. 현실에서는 발화와 소통이 제한된 수직적 관계임에도 불구하고 트위터상에서는 표현과 발화가 개방될 수 있다. 언중은 인터넷의 특정한 공간을 생성하여 익명으로 글을 쓰고, 익명 또는 실명으로 댓글을 다는 방식으로 발화와 소통의 개방화를 시도한다. 이것을 ‘임금님 귀는 당나귀 귀’를 산호로서, ‘서동요’, ‘미나리요’, ‘파랑새요’ 등의 민요를 통해, 이 시대에 ‘사장님 귀는 당나귀 귀’, ‘대학교 대나무 숲’ 등의 기능적 유사성이 나타나는 현상에서, 궁극적으로 언중의 발화와 소통의 통시성으로 설명하고자 했다. 구체적으로 2016년 1월 기준 ‘대학교 대나무 숲’ 100여 개 계정 가운데 먼저 계정이 생성된 일부 대학의 예를 분석하여 형식과 내용의 특성을 설명했다. ‘대나무 숲’은 언중의 발화와 소통의 시대적 방식이고, ‘대학교 대나무 숲’은 특수한 지식인층이 사회적 약자로 변모되어 토로, 항변하며 정보를 교환하는 새로운 변모점이 특성으로 나타난다. This study examines the “bamboo grove” phenomenon on Twitter from a diachronic perspective, considering its motivations, formation process, and significance. The bamboo grove was chosen as a topic for diachronic examination because of its persistence and recent propagation at universities. The forums in which the bamboo grove has emerged in society since 2013 has been dwindling due to a variety of external factors. At the same time, a phenomenon has been observed in which such groves reemerge at specific universities and rapidly propagate. Then fact that the bamboo grove discourse form resists elimination and persists in Korean society is seen as the result of a special significance in the nature of its formation. Specifically, it is seen as reflecting the need for setting in which speech communities in the cyber-age can online with anonymity and transcend human alienation in a modern society where communication is difficult. In addition to the historical characteristic of the formation and continuity of the bamboo grove, however, there also appears to be a new meaning that this study seeks to explore. The characteristics of the bamboo grove are that it serves as a space for speech by disadvantaged segments of society and an open environment of society and an open environment of free expression within an anonymous context. The phenomenon is one in which socially disadvantaged people seek to fine a solution to the limitation of popular lingustic expression. It is also understood to be an attempt to fine a new form of communication by a speech community incapable of free, horizontal expression. It is in this sense that the social functions of the university bamboo grove as speech space are examined. Moreover, the diachronic aspects of the bamboo grove form are examined in terms of their continuity with sanho and traditional Korean folk songs. The formal characteristics connecting the sanho as the original bamboo grove form, folk songs (chamyo) with specific messages similar to the bamboo forest, and the contemporary university bamboo grove are considered in terms of the elements of forced secrecy and “open secrets.” The analysis focuses specifically on the songs “The Kings Ear Is a Donkeys Ear”, “The Ballad of Seodong”, “The Song of Water Parsely”, and “The Song of the Blue Bird”, as well as the contemporary “The CEOs Ear Is a Donkeys Ear” and the university bamboo grove phenomenon. The examination shows that the emergence of the bamboo grove is a method for disadvantaged individuals to achieve empathy with their members. The proliferation of this form is seen not simply as a one-off trend of the times, but as a pheonomenon with significance in terms of the emergence and persistence of continuity with traditional speech Korean people.

진안 하초 마을숲의 온도 조절 기능 분석

박재철 ( Park Jae Cheol ),정경숙 ( Jeong Gyeong Sug ),장혜화 ( Jang Hae Hwa ) 한국농촌계획학회 2003 농촌계획 Vol.9 No.4

The purpose of this study is on identifying the function of ground temperature arrangement of village grove. Case study was accomplished at Hacho village grove in Jinan-gun, Jeobuk province. Hacho village grove was the largest grove of all and most formal grove in Jinan region. So ground temperature of outside and inside of Hacho village grove were measured from March to October in 2001. And comparative review about difference between outside and inside of village grove was accomplished. Our ancestors, in spite of orient and occident, have made a settlement in consideration of climatic conditions. We have to learn from past pattern and add modern scientific technology. So traditional wisdom and wise process must be considered in order to create qualitative residential enviroment in present through natural elements. It is identified that in winter, the inner side ground temperature is higher than outside one of that and in summer, in contrary, the inner side one of that is lower than outside one of that. So it identified that Hacho village grove breaks winds and reduce the heating energy in winter, it reduces ground temperaturd and reduces cooling energy very well in summer. It is identified that village grove reduce ground temperature in summer better than any other season. It is identified that in summer, the effect of maintaining constant temperature is also better than any other season. So it is identified that village grove stabilize most changeable outside temperature in inside of that.

부안 고사포 비보숲의 바람조절 기능

박재철 ( Jae Chul Park ),전영우 ( Young Woo Chun ) 한국산림과학회 2004 한국산림과학회지 Vol.93 No.5

The purpose of this study was on practically identifying the function of wind arrangement of complementary village grove (Bibo Grove) which was an element of Korean traditional rural landscape. Case study was accomplished at Gosapo complementary seaside grove in Buan-gun, Jeonbuk province, Korea. Gosapo complementary seaside grove was the largest beach grove of all and most formal grove in Buan-gun county. The results of this study are as follows. The formula of mean velocity = 0.82 + 0.23 × distance (RL=0.74) was identified by regression analysis on 15 times measured data at March 29 and April 6, 2003 in Gosapo grove. Furthermore it was identified by that formula that wind reduction effect of Gosapo grove spread to 28H(H= tree height). And it was identified that wind reduction effect in June and July, 2002 is greater than in March and April, 2003. So it was identified that wind reduction effect is specially good in the plantation period of paddy field and growing season of rice. And it was identified by regression analysis that wind reduction effect in June and July is appeared to 36H, whole horizontal farmland.

다산 정약용의 원림관을 통해서 본 <다산화사(茶山花史)>

황민선 ( Min Sun Hang ) 택민국학연구원 2014 국학연구론총 Vol.0 No.13

조선시대 문인들을 자연 완상을 수양의 한 방편으로 삼았을 만큼 자연을 사랑하였고 이는 전국 곳곳에 남겨진 원림과 누정으로 실현되었다. 그리고 이런 공간을 읊은 수 많은 문학작품은 그들의 자연관과 원림관을 극명하게 알 수 있는 자료가 된다. 조선후기 천재적인 실학자인 다산 정약용 또한 여타의 조선시대 문인들과 마찬가지로 자연을 사랑하였다. 재임 중 뿐아니라 유배 기간 동안에도 그치지 않았던 적극적인 원림조영은 이런 그의 태도를 엿볼 수 있다. 그러나 기존 다산의 시 연구는 대부분 그의 현실인식을 파악하는 것을 중심으로 연구되어 있고, 그의 원림시나 산수시들은 비교적 많은 연구가 되어있지 않았다. 따라서 본고에서는 다산의 자연관을 나타낸 시중 다산의 원림시를 중심으로 살펴 다산시에서 나타난 자연의식, 그리고 그 자연의식에 바탕 한 원림관을 살펴보고, 원림 문학으로서 다산초당을 주제로 한 작품 중 <茶山花史> 20수를 고찰하고자 하였다. 다산의 원림관을 현실의 삶을 근본으로 삼고 근본에 힘쓰는 務實지향적이라고 보고 <다산화사>의 작시 의도을 살폈으며, 이를 바탕으로 <다산화사>의 특징을 시적대 상이 생활에 밀착되어있고, 시상이 사실을 중심으로 전개되고 있다고 보았다. 방대한 다산의 철학과 문학을 핍진히 살피지 못하고 지엽적인 부분만 들어 분석하여 미진한 부분이 많으나, 다산의 원림과 자연에 대한 작품의 연구는 다산의 시세계를 균형있는 시각으로 조망할 수 있는 사고의 틀을 마련해 줄 것이고, 나아가서는 원림문학의 다양한 연구를 일으킬 수 있는 촉매가 되리라 생각한다. Joseon`s literary men loved nature so much that they took appreciation of nature as a way of training, and it was realized bygroves and pavilions constructed in various places of the country. In addition, we have numerous literary works reciting such spaces that constitute materials allowing us to evidently see their views of nature and groves. Dasan Jeong Yak-yong, a genius Silhak scholar in the late Joseon, also loved nature as his contemporary literary men did. We can see his attitude in this regard from his positive arrangement of groves during his banishment as well as in his days as an official. However, most of the existing studies on Dasan’s poems have been focused on understanding his recognition of reality, and hence we have relatively less work on his poems of groves and nature. Thus, this paper tries to examine the recognition of nature shown by Dasan`s poems, in particular his poems of groves among other poems of his that represent his view of nature and his view of groves based on such recognition of nature, and explore the 20 pieces of poetry in Dasan Hwasa ‘Dasan`s history of flowers’ among other works of his as grove literature that take Dasan Chodang ‘Dasan`s thatched cottage’ as a theme. I have taken a look at the poetic consciousness of Dasan Hwasa while suggesting that Dasan`s view of groves take real life as its base and is practice-oriented with efforts for the base, and based on this, I take Dasan Hwasa to be characteristic in that its poetic subjects are life-based and its poetic conception is unfolded around facts. Though this paper has many unsatisfactory aspects as it has not vividly look at Dasan`s philosophy and literature and has analyzed minor parts, as a study of Dasan`s works about groves and nature, this study provides a framework of thought in which we can see his poetic world from a balanced perspective, and furthermore it is expected to play a catalytic role in bring about various studies on grove literature.

충북지역 마을숲 관리 실태와 활용방안

우장명,반기민 충북연구원 2010 지역정책연구 Vol.21 No.2

The objectives of this study was survey physical environmentClocation, topography), life environment(use, management) on Village grove in chungchongbuk-do, and proposed plan for conservation and practical use. Distribution of village grove by Shi·Gun is chongju-shi 1, chungju-shi 3, jechon-shi 7, chongwon-gun 1, boun-gun 8, okchon-gun 3, yeongdong-gun 6, jinchon-gun 2, gwesan-gun 3, umseong-gun 2, danyang 3. Survey result is betterment 15. inferior 12 on growth condition. inferior cause in growth condition is present of dead tree, hollow, rot, weak of tree power. main body of village grove is village joint control 10, ownership 10, government 19. village grove of government possession always keep up management, but ownership is insufficient management village grove. Village grove is used to diverse type of amusement, rest place, village rite, and so on. some is damaged and left to ruin waste. In order to systematically use and preserve, village grove consider place of green·ecology, environment place for forest-knowledge, place of tradition and history preservation, place of nature environment preservation. Today people like development preference is continually increased, this trend is caused rapidly disappearance of village grove. therefore, nation and Provincial government take an active hand preservation and restoration of village grove. -

농촌정주생활권내의 마을 비보숲의 실태에 관한 연구 - 전북 진안군 지역을 중심으로 -

박재철 한국조경학회 1998 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.26 No.3

The purpose of this study was to identify remained real state of groves of enclosed village in human settlement circle. That was practiced in case of Chinan-Gun region which traditional elements had well been conservated. 48 village groves were found by site survey, reference and interview in Chinan-Gun region. 27 groves of 48 village groves were clarified as complementing village grove by classification of grove character. It was identified through survey that many were partially destructed by development and human use. The results of this study showed general, socio-behavioral characteristics, characteristics of forest state and vegetation structure of complementing village groves. Length, area, form, type, motive, location, relationship of those were analyzed to identify general characteristics. Facilities, human behavior and ownership of those were analyzed to identify socio-behavoral characteristics. Dominent species, appearing rate, height, width, density and biodiversity of upper trees were analyzed to identify forest state and vegetation structure. Interrelation of each factor were analiged and comparative review with previous studies was achieved.

한국 마을숲 관리 개선방안 연구

김학범,장동수,이승제 한국전통조경학회 2003 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.21 No.4

This study was carried out to survey the state of growth, sustainable management, and improved plans of the village groves. The purpose of this study was to propose better methods of village grove management on 24 village groves of Kangwon and Kyungsang provinces. The main study field was classified into two parts. The one is cultural situation (historical backgrounds, user behaviour, development, land owners, managers, access, and parking) and the other is natural situation(growing condition, land condition, soil condition, and damage by blight and noxious insects) of Korean village groves. The data have been collected during the site survey. And then they were analyzed by frequency and cross tabulation analysis with SPSS 10 version. And they stand on roadsides, entrances of villages, riversides, and edge ways of the farmland. These groves are influenced by human actives, and vehicles. It diagnosed the current condition of the village groves with a field survey of the area. It analyzed natural condition(vegetation structure, land and soil, surrounding environment) of village groves and proposes better methods of facility, user, soil, plant, and tree management in order to improve natural conditions for them. The possibility of their sustenance can be determined from continuous management and program series, which involve recorded history, culture, importance of resources and ecological value etc.

Factors of spatial distribution of Korean village groves and relevance to landscape conservation

Kim, GoWoon,Kang, Wanmo,Park, Chan Ryul,Lee, Dowon Elsevier 2018 Landscape and urban planning Vol.176 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Our study aims to understand the spatial context of community-based landscape systems for conservation planning. To this end, the present study analyzes the factors affecting spatial distribution of Korea’s traditional village groves, which form a distinctive component of Korea’s traditional community-based landscape. Using maximum entropy (MaxEnt) modeling, we identified four strongest contributory factors that affect the current occurrences of village groves. First, the probability of occurrences declined with increasing human population density within a 300 m radius, and, second, it was lower where there was high forest cover (>80%) within a 500 m radius. Third, we found a unimodal pattern for the occurrence probability for precipitation during the coldest quarter with the probability peaking in areas where mean precipitation is 118 mm, while the occurrence probability for mean diurnal temperature range was generally positively correlated. Based on the assumption that spatial analysis could highlight priorities and implications for conservation, our results reveal the importance of understanding the grove landscape as a manifestation of the linkages between nature and humans as well as the importance of modern scientific approaches to manage the spatial elements of traditional landscape systems.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> MaxEnt modelling identified distribution factors of Korea’s village groves. </LI> <LI> The probability of grove occurrence had a unimodal relation with population density. </LI> <LI> The probability of grove occurrence was low when forest cover was high (>80%). </LI> <LI> Climatic factors also affected the probability of grove occurrence. </LI> <LI> Conservation efforts should address human effects on community-based landscape. </LI> </UL> </P>