제초제 약효평가를 위한 잡초의 생체중 기준 고찰

김민지,강광식,임은상,송재은 한국잔디학회 2018 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.7 No.1

This study was conducted to establish standard fresh weight data about the minimum amount of occurred weeds at untreated paddy fields, upland fields and orchard fields (including non-cultivated land) in 10 areas. The amount of occurred weeds in each area was compared fresh weight with dry weight. The average percentage for ratio of dry weight to fresh weight in paddy fields was concluded to be 14.8% of Echinochola crus-galli, 12.5% of annual weeds (including Echinochola crus-galli), and 13.9% of perennial weeds. The average percentage for ratio of dry weight to fresh weight in upland fields was concluded to be 20.1% of annual weeds and in orchard fields was concluded to be 18.4% of annual and perennial weeds. According to the research, standard fresh weight about the minimum amount of occurred weeds at untreated paddy fields was proposed to 210 g m-2 of Echinochola crus-galli, 400 g m-2 of annual weeds (including Echinochola crus-galli), and 220 g m-2 of perennial weeds. Standard fresh weight about the minimum amount of occurred weeds at untreated upland fields was proposed to 250 g m-2 of annual weeds and at untreated orchard fields was proposed to 550 g m-2 of annual and perennial weeds. 본 시험은 논, 밭, 과원(비농경지 포함)에서 주로 발생하는 잡초의 생체중과 건물중을 비교하여 무처리 최소 총발생량의 생체중에 대한 기초 자료를 확립하고자 10개 지역에서 시험을 수행하였다. 논 포장의 일년생잡초인 피의건물률 평균은 14.8%, 일년생잡초(피 포함) 건물률 평균은 12.5%, 다년생잡초 건물률 평균은 13.9%로 나타났다. 밭 포장의 일년생잡초의 건물률 평균은 20.1%로 나타났으며, 과원(비농경지 포함)포장 내 일년생 및 다년생잡초총계의 평균은 18.4%로 나타났다. 이에 따라, 생체중에 대한 무처리 최소 총발생량은 논 포장에서는 피 210 g m-2, 일년생잡초(피 포함) 400 g m-2, 다년생잡초 220 g m-2로 제시할 수 있다. 또한, 밭 포장에서는 일년생잡초 250 g m-2, 과원(비농경지 포함) 포장에서는 일년생 및 다년생잡초 총계 550 g m-2으로 제시할 수 있다.

치커리 근경이 치콘 생육에 미치는 영향

서현택(HyunTaek Seo),원재희(JaeHee Won),전신재(ShinJae Jeon),강호민(Ho-Min Kang) (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2011 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.20 No.2

본 연구는 치커리 뿌리의 외적요인과 치콘의 생체중간에 관계를 분석하고, 이중 높은 상관관계를 보인 요인을 치콘 규격 생산에 적합한 종근의 외적 판단기준으로 이용할 수 있는 자료를 만들고자 수행하였다. 종근의 외적요인인 근경(0.726)과 근중(0.508)의 상관관계를 보면 모두 생체중과 정(+)의 상관관계를 보였다. 치콘 생체중에 영향을 주는 종근의 외적요인인 근경과 근중 중 상대적으로 높은 영향인지를 찾기 위하여 다중회귀 분석을 실시한 결과 치커리 근경의 회귀계수 (6.06<SUP>***</SUP>)만이 유의하여 치콘 생체중에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 3가지 품종의 치커리를 근경(x) 크기 별로 x≤30㎜, 30<x≤40㎜, 40<x≤50㎜, x>50㎜로 분류하여 치콘을 생산한 결과 거의 모든 품종에서 근경이 증가할수록 치콘 생체중, 치콘 폭, 엽수 등이 증가하였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 치커리 종근의 탄수화물 함량 등 내부요인을 분석하지 않고, 상대적으로 간편한 외적요인인 치커리 근경을 수확 후 측정하여 치콘의 생체중을 미리 판단할 수 있을 것으로 사료되었다. This study was conducted to investigate correlation between external factors of chicory root and chicon fresh weight, whereby, to provide basic information of external yardstick of producing standardized chicon. For correlation between external factors (root diameter, root weight) of chicory root and chicon fresh weight were highly correlated. The relationship between external factors (root diameter, root weight) of chicory root and chicon fresh weight, root diameter was strongly affecting chicon fresh weight due to significant at its regression coefficient (6.06<SUP>***</SUP>). In order to verify this correlation, the root diameter (x) of chicory that were 3 different varieties were based on the 4 different root diameter treatments, such as x≤30 ㎜, 30<x≤40㎜, 40<x≤50㎜ and x>50 ㎜. The chicon production increased as root diameter increased and the chicon fresh weight, chicon width, and the number of leaves increased as well. Therefore, the measure of root diameter of chicory instead of the internal factors (carbohydrate, and so on.) can be used to predict the chicon fresh weight.

Growth and Nutrient Contents of Tomato Plug Seedlings as Influenced byRoot Substrate Composition and Pre-planting Fertilizer Level

최종명,안주원,구자형 한국원예학회 2008 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.49 No.6

This research was conducted to determine the effect of root substrate formulations and pre-planting fertilizer levels on growth and nutrient contents of tomato ‘Zuiko No. 102’ seedlings grown in 72-cell plug trays. Three root substrates, coir+perlite (8:2, v/v, CP), peatmoss+perlite (8:2, v/v, PP) and coir+peatmoss+perlite (4:4:2, v/v/v, CPP), had three pre-planting fertilizer levels such as 0.5x, 1.0x and 2.0x. Elevated pre-planting fertilizer levels in the three root substrates increased plant height, fresh weight and dry weights. The fresh and dry weights in the 2.0x treatment in CP, PP and CPP substrates at 35 days after sowing were 1.97 g and 180 mg, 2.84 g and 245 mg, and 2.97 g and 235 mg, respectively. In comparison of the three root substrates containing equal amounts of pre-planting fertilizers, crop growth was the greatest in the PP and the least in the CPP. Elevated pre-planting fertilizer levels in each root substrate also increased the fresh and dry weights at 70 days after sowing. The seedlings grown in CPP showed the greatest dry weight followed by those in PP and CP. Elevated pre-planting fertilizer levels resulted in increase of tissue K, Ca and Mg contents and decrease of tissue Fe and Mn contents at 35 days after sowing in all substrates. However, elevated pre-planting levels decreased tissue P content in CP and CPP but increased that in PP. Elevated pre-planting fertilizer levels increased tissue Ca and Mg contents and decreased tissue Fe and Mn contents in all substrates at 70 days after sowing. Elevated pre-planting fertilizer levels did not affect tissue K content in PP at 70 days after sowing.

Growth and Nutrient Contents of Tomato Plug Seedlings as Influenced by Root Substrate Composition and Pre-planting Fertilizer Level

Jong Myung Choi,Joo Won Ahn,Ja Hyeong Ku 한국원예학회 2008 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.49 No.6

This research was conducted to determine the effect of root substrate formulations and pre-planting fertilizer levels on growth and nutrient contents of tomato ‘Zuiko No. 102’ seedlings grown in 72-cell plug trays. Three root substrates, coir+perlite (8:2, v/v, CP), peatmoss+perlite (8:2, v/v, PP) and coir+peatmoss+perlite (4:4:2, v/v/v, CPP), had three pre-planting fertilizer levels such as 0.5x, 1.0x and 2.0x. Elevated pre-planting fertilizer levels in the three root substrates increased plant height, fresh weight and dry weights. The fresh and dry weights in the 2.0x treatment in CP, PP and CPP substrates at 35 days after sowing were 1.97 g and 180 ㎎, 2.84 g and 245 ㎎, and 2.97 g and 235 ㎎, respectively. In comparison of the three root substrates containing equal amounts of pre-planting fertilizers, crop growth was the greatest in the PP and the least in the CPP. Elevated pre-planting fertilizer levels in each root substrate also increased the fresh and dry weights at 70 days after sowing. The seedlings grown in CPP showed the greatest dry weight followed by those in PP and CP. Elevated pre-planting fertilizer levels resulted in increase of tissue K, Ca and Mg contents and decrease of tissue Fe and Mn contents at 35 days after sowing in all substrates. However, elevated pre-planting levels decreased tissue P content in CP and CPP but increased that in PP. Elevated pre-planting fertilizer levels increased tissue Ca and ㎎ contents and decreased tissue Fe and Mn contents in all substrates at 70 days after sowing. Elevated pre-planting fertilizer levels did not affect tissue K content in PP at 70 days after sowing.

포트 충전용 상토의 물리 · 화학성이 플라스틱백 재배를 통해 발생한 ‘설향’ 딸기의 자묘 생육에 미치는 영향

최종명(Jong Myung Choi),박지영(Ji Young Park),윤무경(Moo Kyung Yoon) 한국원예학회 2010 원예과학기술지 Vol.28 No.6

피트모스+버미큘라이트(5:5, A), 피트모스+펄라이트(7:3, B), 코코피트+펄라이트(7:3, C), 코코피트+피트모스+펄라이트(3.5:3.5:3.0, D), 왕겨+코코피트+펄라이트(2:7:1, E), 그리고 왕겨+코코피트(3:7, F)의 6종류 상토를 혼합하여 상부직경 10㎝의 플라스틱 포트에 충전한 후 ‘설향’ 딸기의 모주에서 발생한 런너를 고정시켜 번식시키면서 상토 물리?화학성이 자묘 생육에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 자묘 육묘용 상토의 용기용수량과 기상률은 상토별 차이가 뚜렷하였으며 E와 F 상토는 용기용수량이 낮고 기상률이 높아 상토의 수분관리에 어려움이 있을것으로 판단하였다. 피트모스가 혼합된 상토 A, B, 및 D의 질소농도가 높았고, 왕겨를 혼합한 상토 E와 F의 질소 및 인산 농도가 낮았다. 또한 코코피트가 혼합된 상토가 피트모스가 혼합된 상토 보다 K 농도가 월등히 높았다. A상토에서 ‘설향’ 자묘를 재배한 결과 약 13㎜에서 관부직경의 회귀선이 형성되어 가장 굵었고, F, B와 C 상토에서 육묘한 자묘도 관부 직경의 회귀선이 약 10㎜ 이상에서 형성되고 있어 자묘의 생육에 바람직하다고 판단하였다. ‘설향’ 자묘의 생체중은 A 상토에서 육묘한 경우 식물체당 10g 후반에서 회귀선이 형성되었지만, C, F, D, E, 그리고 B 상토의 순으로 가벼워졌다. ‘설향’ 자묘의 건물중도 생체중과 유사한 경향을 보였으며 A, C 및 F 상토에서 비교적 건물중 생산량이 많았고, B 상토에서 적었다. 생체중과 건물중 생산량이 많을 경우 보편적으로 식물이 건전한 생육을 하고 있음을 의미하며, 이러한 판단을 적용할 때 A, C 및 F 상토가 자묘생육을 위해 바람직하다고 판단하였다. Objective of this research was to determine the influence of physico?chemical properties of root substrates on growth of daughter plants that were developed through plastic bag cultivation of mother plants in ‘Seolhyang’ strawberry propagation. Six different formulations of root substrates for daughter plant cultivation were peatmoss + vermiculite (5:5, A), peatmoss + perlite (7:3, B), coir dust + perlite (7:3, C), coir dust + peatmoss + perlite (3.5:3.5:3.0, D), rice-hull + coir dust + perlite (2:7:1, E), and rice hull + coir dust (3:7, F). The 10 ㎝ plastic pots filled with formulated substrates were located near the plastic bag where mother plants were growing. Then the runners and daughter plants originated from mother plants were fixed on each root substrate filled into 10 ㎝ plastic pot and daughter plants were grown in the plastic pots. The container capacity and air space showed big differences among substrates tested. The substrates E and F had the less container capacity and the higher air space than other substrates tested. This indicates that the two substrates would have difficulties in water managements during the raising of daughter plants. The substrates of A, B, and D which contained peatmoss in formulation had higher nitrogen concentrations than those containing coir dust or rice hull. The substrates of E and F which contained rice hull had lower nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentrations than those that contained coir. The crown diameters of daughter plants grown in substrate A were around 13 ㎜ which is thicker than those grown in other substrates. The fresh weights of daughter plants grown in A substrate were the heaviest followed by C, F, D, E, and B. The dry weight of daughter plants showed similar tendency to those of fresh weight. The daughter plants which had heavy fresh and dry weights and thick crown diameter are considered good seedlings. Based on this justification, the substrates of A, C and F are acceptable for daughter plant growth of ‘Seolhyang’ strawberry.

Differences in Productivity among Rape Varieties for Oil Seed and Forage

Kwon, Byung-Sun,Lim, June-Taeg,Shin, Jeong-Sik,Ahn, Gae-Soo,Park, Hee-Jin The Korean Society of Crop Science 2003 Korean journal of crop science Vol.48 No.5

In order to examine the possibility that oil seed rape could be used as a forage fodder crop and to select the most suitable variety of forage rape at the southern area of Korea, two varieties of oil seed rape currently grown for oil production and six introduced varieties of forage rape with relatively high yield and high nutritional value were grown at the same condition their and yield components were observed. Forage rape was superior to oil seed rape in terms of yield components, plant fresh weight and plant dry mater weight. Velox was superior to any other variety of forage rape in these characters. When plant dry matter weight of the rape was subdivided into four components such as a main stem, branch stems, main stem leaves and branch leaves, contribution of these components to plant dry matter weight was in the order of branch stems, branch leaves, the main stem and main stem leaves. Dry matter percentage of the rape ranged from 9.32 to 11.08 percent, which was somewhat low value. There was no significant difference between two groups of the rape in terms of dry matter percentage. Velox showed somewhat higher value in dry matter percentage.

Influences of Three Oidiodendron maius Isolates and Two Inorganic Nitrogen Sources on the Growth of Rhododendron kanehirae

Lei-Chen Lin,Wan-Rou Lin,Yu-Chen Hsu,Hung-Yu Pan 한국원예학회 2020 원예과학기술지 Vol.38 No.5

Rhododendron kanehirae Wilson is an endemic species of Taiwan that is listed as extinct in the wild by the Red List of Vascular Plants of Taiwan. R. kanehirae seedlings can form mycorrhizae with the ericoid mycobiont Oidiodendron maius. A completely randomized experimental design was conducted to investigate the effects of three different O. maius isolates (strains CBS110450, RhYM3, and RooDK1) as well as nitrate and ammonium (inorganic nitrogen) on the growth of R. kanehirae by evaluating height and shoot, root, and total fresh weight. Three isolates of O. maius showed different colony morphology and growth rate, which was further verified by molecular analysis. The results showed that application of ammonium fertilizer improved the height and shoot, root, and total fresh weight of all of the R. kanehirae seedlings. Among them, seedlings inoculated with RhYM3 had the highest fresh weights and heights. By applying an appropriate amount of nitrogen combined with RhYM3 inoculation, the rhizome of R. kanehirae grew well. The information provided here is crucial for the conservation of R. kanehirae, as this species is on the verge of extinction.

Differences in Productivity among Rape Varieties for Oil Seed and Forage

Byung Sun Kwon,June Taeg Lim,Jeong Sik Shin,Gae Soo Ahn,Hee Jin Park 韓國作物學會 2003 Korean journal of crop science Vol.48 No.5

In order to examine the possibility that oil seed rape could be used as a forage fodder crop and to select the most suitable variety of forage rape at the southern area of Korea, two varieties of oil seed rape currently grown for oil production and six introduced varieties of forage rape with relatively high yield and high nutritional value were grown at the same condition their and yield components were observed. Forage rape was superior to oil seed rape in terms of yield components, plant fresh weight and plant dry mater weight. Velox was superior to any other variety of forage rape in these characters. When plant dry matter weight of the rape was subdivided into four components such as a main stem, branch stems, main stem leaves and branch leaves, contribution of these components to plant dry matter weight was in the order of branch stems, branch leaves, the main stem and main stem leaves. Dry matter percentage of the rape ranged from 9.32 to 11.08 percent, which was somewhat low value. There was no significant difference between two groups of the rape in terms of dry matter percentage. Velox showed somewhat higher value in dry matter percentage.

전처리제 및 보존용액이 겹도라지의 절화수명에 미치는 영향

허윤선,이희두,이정관,이기열 한국화훼학회 2015 화훼연구 Vol.23 No.2

To improve postharvest flower quality and extend vase life of cut balloon flowers (Platycodon grandiflorum var. duplex Makino), the effects of pretreatment and holding solutions on vase life were investigated in this study. Balloon flowers which were cultivated for two years were harvested from end of June to beginning of July in 2012. After harvest, cut balloon flowers were treated with various pretreatment solutions including distilled water, sucrose, Al2(SO4)3, and NaOCl for 1 hour, and continuously put in the holding solutions including distilled water, sucrose, HQS, and AgNO3. The pretreatment solution containing 3% sucrose + 200 mg • L−1 Al2(SO4)3 significantly extended vase life and increased flowering rate, fresh weight and solution uptake, but when 200 mg • L−1 GA3 and 150 mg • L−1 citric acid were added, differences of flower quality were not observed Holding solution with 3% sucrose + 150 mg • L−1 HQS extended vase life and increased flowering rate, fresh weight and solution uptake. But addition of 25 mg • L−1 AgNO3 into holding solution with 3% sucrose + 150 mg • L−1 HQS showed little differences in flower quality. When 80 mg • L−1 NaOCl was pretreated, vase life was shortened and flowering rate decreased, irrespective of holding solution types. It was suggested that the high concentration of NaOCl induce the phytotoxic effect such as decline of vase life or fresh weight. From these results, we could find that the pretreatment solution containing 3% sucrose + 200 mg • L-1 Al2(SO4)3 and preservatives with 3% sucrose + 150 mg • L−1 HQS were very effective in extending vase life and retarding senescence of cut balloon flowers, furthermore, these postharvest treatments were very useful to improve the physiological properties of cut balloon flowers. 본 연구는 자색 겹꽃이 피어 관상가치가 높은 겹도라지(Platycodon grandiflorum var. duplex Makino)의 수확 후 절화 품질 향상을 위하여 몇가지 전처리제 및 보존용액이 겹도라지 절화 수명에 미치는 영향을 구명코자하였다. 2년생 겹도라지를 2012년 6월 하순에서 7월 상순에 수확한 후 전처리제 및 보존용액 종류별로 처리하여 절화 특성을 조사하였다. 3% sucrose와 살균제인 200mg • L−1 Al2(SO4)3가 혼용 첨가된 전처리 용액에서 절화 수명 연장 및 개화율 향상 효과가 가장 컸고 생체중및 용액흡수율도 크게 증가한 반면, 200mg • L−1 GA3 와150mg • L−1 citric acid를 전처리제에 추가로 첨가하였을때에는 전처리 효과의 차이는 크게 없는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 보존용액으로 3% sucrose와 150mg • L−1 HQS을 혼용 처리하였을 때 절화 품질이 가장 양호하였으나, AgNO3이 추가로 첨가되었을 때에는 큰 차이가 없었다. NaOCl이 첨가된 용액에 전처리하였을 경우에는 보존용액의 종류와 상관없이 모든 처리구에서 절화 수명이짧았고 개화율도 가장 낮게 조사되었는데, 본 실험에 사용된 NaOCl의 농도가 높아 약해가 발생하여 절화 품질이 떨어진 것으로 판단되었다. 따라서 겹도라지 절화의상품가치를 최대로 높일 수 있는 전처리제 및 보존용액으로 각각 3% sucrose + 200mg • L−1 Al2(SO4)3 및 3% sucrose + 150mg • L−1 HQS 을 사용하였을 때 절화 수명은 최대 22일까지 연장되었고, 90% 이상의 개화율을 보였으며, 생체중 및 용액흡수율도 가장 증가되어 절화 품질을 향상시키는 데 효과적이었다.

전처리제 및 보존용액이 겹도라지의 절화수명에 미치는 영향

허윤선,이희두,이정관,이기열 한국화훼산업육성협회 2015 화훼연구 Vol.23 No.2

본 연구는 자색 겹꽃이 피어 관상가치가 높은 겹도라지(Platycodon grandiflorum var. duplex Makino)의 수확 후 절화 품질 향상을 위하여 몇가지 전처리제 및 보존용액이 겹도라지 절화 수명에 미치는 영향을 구명코자 하였다. 2년생 겹도라지를 2012년 6월 하순에서 7월 상순에 수확한 후 전처리제 및 보존용액 종류별로 처리하여 절화 특성을 조사하였다. 3% sucrose와 살균제인 200mg • L−1 Al2(SO4)3가 혼용 첨가된 전처리 용액에서 절화 수명 연장 및 개화율 향상 효과가 가장 컸고 생체중 및 용액흡수율도 크게 증가한 반면, 200mg • L−1 GA3 와 150mg • L−1 citric acid를 전처리제에 추가로 첨가하였을 때에는 전처리 효과의 차이는 크게 없는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 보존용액으로 3% sucrose와 150mg • L−1 HQS을 혼용 처리하였을 때 절화 품질이 가장 양호하였으나, AgNO3이 추가로 첨가되었을 때에는 큰 차이가 없었다. NaOCl이 첨가된 용액에 전처리하였을 경우에는 보존용액의 종류와 상관없이 모든 처리구에서 절화 수명이 짧았고 개화율도 가장 낮게 조사되었는데, 본 실험에 사용된 NaOCl의 농도가 높아 약해가 발생하여 절화 품질이 떨어진 것으로 판단되었다. 따라서 겹도라지 절화의 상품가치를 최대로 높일 수 있는 전처리제 및 보존용액으로 각각 3% sucrose + 200mg • L−1 Al2(SO4)3 및 3% sucrose + 150mg • L−1 HQS 을 사용하였을 때 절화 수명은 최대 22일까지 연장되었고, 90% 이상의 개화율을 보였으며, 생체중 및 용액흡수율도 가장 증가되어 절화 품질을 향상시키는 데 효과적이었다. To improve postharvest flower quality and extend vase life of cut balloon flowers (Platycodon grandiflorum var. duplex Makino), the effects of pretreatment and holding solutions on vase life were investigated in this study. Balloon flowers which were cultivated for two years were harvested from end of June to beginning of July in 2012. After harvest, cut balloon flowers were treated with various pretreatment solutions including distilled water, sucrose, Al2(SO4)3, and NaOCl for 1 hour, and continuously put in the holding solutions including distilled water, sucrose, HQS, and AgNO3. The pretreatment solution containing 3% sucrose + 200 mg • L−1 Al2(SO4)3 significantly extended vase life and increased flowering rate, fresh weight and solution uptake, but when 200 mg • L−1 GA3 and 150 mg • L−1 citric acid were added, differences of flower quality were not observed Holding solution with 3% sucrose + 150 mg • L−1 HQS extended vase life and increased flowering rate, fresh weight and solution uptake. But addition of 25 mg • L−1 AgNO3 into holding solution with 3% sucrose + 150 mg • L−1 HQS showed little differences in flower quality. When 80 mg • L−1 NaOCl was pretreated, vase life was shortened and flowering rate decreased, irrespective of holding solution types. It was suggested that the high concentration of NaOCl induce the phytotoxic effect such as decline of vase life or fresh weight. From these results, we could find that the pretreatment solution containing 3% sucrose + 200 mg • L-1 Al2(SO4)3 and preservatives with 3% sucrose + 150 mg • L−1 HQS were very effective in extending vase life and retarding senescence of cut balloon flowers, furthermore, these postharvest treatments were very useful to improve the physiological properties of cut balloon flowers.