양측 고환에 발생한 폐포성 포충증

김민의 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.2

Hydatid disease is a parasitic infestation caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm genus Echinococcus. Usually, alveolar echinococcosis occurs in the liver. Rarely, other localizations, such as the lungs or brain, have been reported. We report a case of alveolar echinococcosis of the bilateral testis.

복통을 동반한 간포충증 1예

김완철 ( Wan Chul Kim ),신재욱 ( Jae Uk Shin ),진수신 ( Su Sin Jin ) 대한소화기학회 2021 대한소화기학회지 Vol.77 No.1

Hydatid cysts are caused by an infestation with larval tapeworms of the genus Echinococcus. The disease is endemic in developing countries but has rarely been reported from immigrant workers in Korea. This paper reports a case of hepatic hydatid cyst in a 27-year-old female. She was referred with abdominal pain that had persisted for the past 2 months. The patient was a foreign worker from Mongolia. The physical examination was unremarkable, and blood tests showed peripheral blood eosinophilia and elevated liver enzymes. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a well-circumscribed cystic mass with septation in the liver. A surgical resection was performed for complete removal. After uncomplicated postoperative recovery, the patient was discharged with albendazole 400 mg twice daily. The hydatid cyst is an important disease that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cystic lesions in the liver, particularly in those who have lived in endemic areas. A correct early diagnosis based on the typical image findings is important for early treatment before the rupture of the cyst, which is associated with low morbidity and mortality. A current surgical resection combined albendazole are effective treatments for hepatic hydatid cysts, associated with low recurrence rates. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2021;77:35-38)

Head-to-Head Comparison of Nine Assays for the Detection of Anti- Echinococcus Antibodies: A Retrospective Evaluation

Mattwich Carolina,Huber Kristina,Bretzel Gisela,Suerbaum Sebastian,Wieser Andreas,Dichtl Karl 대한진단검사의학회 2024 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.44 No.2

Background: Echinococcosis is a neglected tropical disease that is severely underdiag- nosed in resource-limited settings. In developed countries, diagnosing echinococcosis is challenging, and reliable serological assays are urgently needed. In the Central European Alps, EM is more common than EG; however, data on the diagnostic performance of as- says for EM cases are scarce. We evaluated the suitability of nine antibody assays for rou- tine diagnostics. Methods: Nine commercially available serological assays for detecting anti-Echinococcus antibodies were compared head-to-head using samples collected from 50 patients with echinococcosis and 50 age- and sex-matched control subjects. The assays are Anti-Echi- nococcus ELISA (IgG) (Euroimmun), Echinococcus IgG ELISA (DRG), Echinococcus IgG ELISA (IBL International), Echinococcus Western Blot IgG (LDBIO Diagnostics), EUROLINE WB (Euroimmun), Hydatidosis ELISA IgG (VirCell), Hydatidosis VIRCLIA IgG Monotest (Vir- Cell), Ridascreen Echinococcus IgG (R-Biopharm), and Virapid Hydatidosis (VirCell). The cases were ranked according to the WHO-Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis (WHO-IWGE) criteria as confirmed, probable, or possible. Results: The performance of the assays varied greatly, with overall sensitivities ranging be- tween 50% and 88% and specificities between 62% and 100%. We observed a trend to- ward better performance with cases classified as “confirmed” using the WHO-IWGE crite- ria. Combined analysis with sequential screening and confirmatory testing resulted in a maximum sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 100%. Differentiation between EG and EM infections is clinically relevant but was found to be unreliable. Conclusions: Echinococcus serological assays are highly variable in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Knowledge of the pre-test probability in the patient cohort is required to choose a suitable assay. A combined approach with screening and confirmatory assays may be the best diagnostic strategy in many situations.

Phylogenetic Characteristics of Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Lato in Uzbekistan

김혜진,용태순,신명헌,이규재,박갑만,Uktamjon Suvonkulov,Dmitriy Kovalenko,유학선 대한기생충학ㆍ열대의학회 2020 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.58 No.2

Echinococcosis occurs mainly in areas with heavy livestock farming, such as Central Asia, America, and Australia. Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) infection causes echinococcosis in intermediate hosts, such as sheep, cattle, goats, camels, and horses. Numerous cases of echinococcosis occur in Uzbekistan as stock farming is a primary industry. Epidemiological and genetic studies of E. granulosus s.l. are very important for mitigating its impact on public health and the economy; however, there are no such studies on E. granulosus s.l. in Uzbekistan. In the present study, to determine which genotypes exist and are transmitted, we isolated Echinococcus sp. from definitive hosts (one isolate each from jackal and dog) and intermediate hosts (52 isolates from humans and 6 isolates from sheep) in Uzbekistan and analyzed the isolates by sequencing 2 mitochondrial DNA components (cox1 and nad1). The results showed that all of isolates except one belonged to the E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) G1 and G3 genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis based on cox1 sequences showed that 42 isolates from humans, 6 isolates from sheep, and one isolate from jackal were the G1 genotype, whereas the remaining 8 isolates from human and the one isolate from dog were the G3 genotype. These results suggest that the G1 and G3 genotypes of E. granulosus s.s. are predominant in Uzbekistan, and both wild animals and domestic animals are important for maintaining their life cycle. Only one isolate from human sample was confirmed to be E. eqiinus (G4 genotype), which is known to be for the first time.

Practical Algorisms for PCR-RFLP-Based Genotyping of Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Lato

김혜진,용태순,신명헌,이규재,박갑만,Uktamjon Suvonkulov,Dmitriy Kovalenko,유학선 대한기생충학ㆍ열대의학회 2017 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.55 No.6

Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) is a causative agent of cystic echinococcosis or cystic hydatid disease in humans and domestic and wild animals. The disease is a serious health problem in countries associated with poverty and poor hygiene practices, particularly in livestock raising. We introduced a practical algorism for genotyping the parasite, which may be useful to many developing countries. To evaluate the efficiency of the algorism, we genotyped 3 unknown strains isolated from human patients. We found that unknowns 1 and 3 were included in G1, G2, and G3 genotypes group and unknown 2 was included in G4 genotype (Echinococcus equinus) according to the algorisms. We confirmed these results by sequencing the 3 unknown isolates cox1 and nad1 PCR products. In conclusion, these new algorisms are very fast genotype identification tools that are suitable for evaluating E. granulosus s.l. isolated from livestock or livestock holders, particularly in developing countries.

Two Human Cases of Echinococcus ortleppi Infection in the Lung and Heart in Vietnam

Nguyen Van De,Pham Ngoc Minh,Le Van Duyet,Nguyen Ngoc Bich,Trinh Nam Son,정봉광,채종일 대한기생충학ㆍ열대의학회 2020 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.58 No.4

This is a report of 2 cases of human hydatidosis caused by Echinococcus ortleppi in Vietnam. The patients were a 12-year-old male (case 1) having a cyst of 10.0×9.0 cm size in the lung and a 50-year-old female with a 3.0×3.3 cm-sized cyst in the heart. Eosinophilia was 33.7% in the male and 45.8% in the female patient. C-reactive protein was increased to 16.5 mg/L in the male and 18.2 mg/L in the female. Both patients were positive for ELISA at OD=2.5 and 3.1, respectively. Echinococcus protoscolices were collected from the cysts by amniocentesis and surgery. The protoscolices were identified as E. ortleppi by morphology and analysis of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase 1 (nad1) gene sequence. Both patients were cured by surgical resection of the hydatid cyst combined with albendazole medication. The E. ortleppi infection in lung is the second report, and the other in the heart is the first in Vietnam.

Therapeutic effects of <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> cystic fluid on allergic airway inflammation

Kim, Hye-Jin,Kang, Shin-Ae,Yong, Tai-Soon,Shin, Myeong-Heon,Lee, Kyu-Jae,Park, Gab-Man,Suvonkulov, Uktamjon,Yu, Hak Sun Elsevier 2019 Experimental parasitology Vol.198 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Previous studies showed that <I>Echinococcus granulosus</I> infection reduces allergic airway inflammation in experimentally infected hosts and the cystic fluid of <I>E. granulosus</I> is known to activate regulatory T (CD4<SUP>+</SUP>CD25<SUP>+</SUP>Foxp3<SUP>+</SUP>T, Treg) cells. To evaluate the effects of cystic fluid of <I>E. granulosus</I> on allergic airway inflammation, we investigated the regulation of the inflammatory reaction by cystic fluid using an allergic airway inflammation animal model. Cystic fluid was administered to C57BL/6 mice seven times every other day, after which allergic airway inflammation was induced using ovalbumin and aluminum. The airway resistance, number of eosinophils and other immune cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and levels of Th2 and Th17-related cytokines were significantly reduced by cystic fluid pre-treatment in allergic airway inflammation-induced mice. The number IL-4<SUP>+</SUP>CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T cells decreased, the number of Treg cells increased in the lung-draining lymph nodes and spleen of cystic fluid pre-treated mice. In conclusion, <I>E. granulosus</I>-derived cystic fluid may alleviate the Th2 allergic airway inflammatory response via Treg cells. Further studies of the immune regulation of cystic fluid may lead to the development of therapeutic agents for immune disorders.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The regulation of the inflammatory reaction by cystic fluid was studied using an allergic airway inflammation animal model. </LI> <LI> Cystic fluid treatment significantly reduced the airway resistance and eosinophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. </LI> <LI> The number IL-4<SUP>+</SUP>CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T cells decreased in the lung-draining lymph nodes and spleen of cystic fluid pre-treated mice. </LI> <LI> <I>E. granulosus</I>-derived cystic fluid may alleviate the Th2 allergic airway inflammatory response via Treg cells. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Sequence Analysis of cytb Gene in Echinococcus granulosus from Western China

Xiuqin Zhong,Ning Wang,Dandan Hu,Jiahai Wang,Tianyu Liu,Xiaobin Gu,Shuxian Wang,Xuerong Peng,Guangyou Yang 대한기생충학열대의학회 2014 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.52 No.2

Echinococcus granulosus is the causative agent of cystic echinococcosis with medical and veterinary importance in China. Our main objective was to discuss the genotypes and genetic diversity of E. granulosus present in domestic animals and humans in western China. A total of 45 hydatid cyst samples were collected from sheep, humans, and a yak and subjected to an analysis of the sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene. The amplified PCR product for all samples was a 1,068 bp band. The phylogenetic analysis showed that all 45 samples were identified as E. granulosus (genotype G1). Ten haplotypes were detected among the samples, with the main haplotype being H1. The haplotype diversity was 0.626, while the nucleotide diversity was 0.001. These results suggested that genetic diversity was low among our samples collected from the west of China based on cytb gene analysis. These findings may provide more information on molecular characteristics of E. granulosus from this Chinese region.

First Report of Echinococcus equinus in a Donkey in Turkey

Sami Simsek,Erifylli Roinioti,Hatice Eroksuz 대한기생충학열대의학회 2015 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.53 No.6

A 2-year-old female donkey (Equus asinus) was euthanized in the Pathology Department of Firat University, Elazig, Turkey. Necropsy disclosed the presence of 7 hydatid cysts distributed throughout the lung parenchyma. One of those cysts represented the parasite material of the present study and was molecularly identified through sequencing of a fragment of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (NADH1) gene, as Echinococcus equinus. The generated CO1 sequence supports the presence of the dominant haplotype as has been described in Europe and Africa. The NADH1 sequence was found similar to sequences reported in equids in Egypt and the United Kingdom. The molecular identification of E. equinus in a donkey is being reported for the first time in Turkey.

Biochemical Characterization of <i>Echinococcus multilocularis</i> Antigen B3 Reveals Insight into Adaptation and Maintenance of Parasitic Homeostasis at the Host–Parasite Interface

Ahn, Chun-Seob,Kim, Jeong-Geun,Han, Xiumin,Bae, Young-An,Park, Woo-Jae,Kang, Insug,Wang, Hu,Kong, Yoon American Chemical Society 2017 Journal of proteome research Vol.16 No.2

<P>Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) caused by Echinococcus multilocularis metacestode is frequently associated with deleterious zoonotic helminthiasis. The growth patterns and morphological features of AE, such as invasion of the liver parenchyme and multiplication into multivesiculated masses, are similar to those of malignant tumors. AE has been increasingly detected in several regions of Europe, North America, Central Asia, and northwestern China. An isoform of E. multilocularis antigen B3 (EmAgB3) shows a specific immunoreactivity against patient sera of active-stage AE, Suggesting that EmAgB3 might play important roles during adaptation of the parasite to hosts. However, expression patterns and biochemical properties of EmAgB3 remained elusive. The protein profile and nature of component proteins of E. multilocularis hydatid fluid (EmHF) have never been addressed. In this study, we conducted proteome analysis of EmHF of AE cysts harvested from immunocompetent mice. We observed the molecular and biochemical properties of EmAgB3, including differential transcription patterns of paralogous genes, macromolecular protein status by self-assembly, distinct oligomeric states according to individual anatomical compartments of the worm, and hydrophobic ligand-binding protein activity. We also demonstrated tissue expression patterns of EmAgB3 transcript and protein. EmAgB3 might participate in immune response and recruitment of essential host lipids at the host-parasite interface. Our results might contribute to an in depth understanding of the biophysical and biological features of EmAgB3, thus providing insights into the design of novel targets to control AE.</P>