헌법사의 의의와 접근방법

장영수 ( Young Soo Chang ) 고려대학교 법학연구원 2014 고려법학 Vol.0 No.75

In order to properly understand the Constitutional Law, which determines the national foundation, it is important to study the Constitutional history. By examining how ideology and system of the Constitutional Law have formed and developed, one can understand the current Constitutional Law properly as well as plan the prospective revision of the Constitutional Law. In other words, the purpose of Constitutional History is to rightly understand and realize the ‘current’ Constitutional Law. For this reason, it is not only important to understand the provisions of past Constitutional Law but also th examine how the provisions have formed, how they established the regulatory power, and if failed, reexamining the cause of failure of those provisions is required. However, these examinations can be considered ineffective and dysfunctional if they do not link the Constitutional History to the nature of today`s Constitutional Law. Accordingly, it is necessary to clearly present the connection between past and present Constitutional Law to allow meaningful inference. Therefore, the subject of Constitutional History can be considered as comparative jurisprudence as it provides understanding of the current Constitutional Law and the knowledge necessary to prepare for prospective changes through diachronic comparison and examination of the Constitutional Law. Although the range may vary due to array of perspectives in regards to the point when the modern Constitutional History actually began; however, in researching of Constitutional History of Korea, one cannot disregard the Constitutional History under the latter era of the Choson Dynasty and Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea during Japanese Occupation because of their indirect influence in shaping the current laws. Nevertheless, th main focus of the research should be on Constitutional History after the establishment of Constitutional Law in 1948 while the criterion of phasing in chronology is controversial. What is clear is that the Constitutional History has brought forth legal explanation through ist formation of history and it serves as a window to the prospective laws. Even if Constitutional History is not at the heart of Constitutional study, the history will provide the key to in-depth understanding of the Constitution. In that note, the Constitutional History .like the general importance of history in mankind`s knowledge and wisdom- is a window which serves to the better understanding of today with hindsight of yesterday and also helps form what is to be for tomorrow.

중요사항별로 살펴본 헌법전사

허완중 전남대학교 법학연구소 2021 법학논총 Vol.41 No.3

Constitutional history generally takes as a starting point the enactment of the constitution in the modern meaning, which contains content on the protection of basic rights and separation of powers. The Constitution of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea corresponds to the constitution in the modern meaning. Therefore, the history of the Korean constitution must be traced back to at least April 11, 1919, when the Provisional Charter of the Republic of Korea was enacted. The historical process directly related to the establishment of the constitution in the modern meaning is called pre-constitutional history. In this respect, the pre-constitutional history is a link between before and after the establishment of the constitution in the modern meaning. Joseon and the Korean Empire were tyrannical monarchies. However, on April 11, 1919, the Provisional Charter of the Republic of Korea was drafted and the Republic of Korea was founded, and a democratic republic was proclaimed. There was a civil revolution that moved from empire to republic. Therefore, korean pre-constitutional history is the process of establishing the Republic of Korea as a democratic republic in which the subjects who have awakened to the people overcame the old system of secular politics. A constitutional code and a meaningful document containing constitutional matters are called a constitutional document. Contemporaneous thinking on the Constitution is expressed not only in the Constitutional Code, but also in various forms of documents. In this respect, constitutional documents are useful guides for understanding the history of the Constitution, especially the pre-constitutional history. Several constitutional documents are related to the pre-constitutional history. The country's name, which is closely related to the determination of the people and territory, and expresses the basic character of the country, was confirmed as the Republic of Korea through Joseon and the Korean Empire. The Republic of Korea refers to a country for all people, composed mainly of the korean nation. The form of state established by the Constitution was established as a democratic republic from the Provisional Charter of the Republic of Korea in 1919 and maintained until now. Republicanism emerged in earnest after efforts to change the tyrannical monarchy into a constitutional monarchy failed, overcoming the challenge of bluntism and becoming the basic principle of the Constitution. The subject of constitutional enactment emerged as the people built the Republic of Korea after a long struggle. The state domain is the basis of the people's living and the spatial scope of the state's power. Joseon and the Korean Empire did not give up their territories even in the face of constant threats and invasions from powers, so the territory of the Republic of Korea inherits the original territories of Joseon and the Korean Empire. The constitution in the modern meaning was enacted to guarantee the freedom and rights of the people. In Korea, the concept of equality has traditionally emerged, and the people have constantly fought for the abolition of the class system and realized it. And the concept of freedom imported from the West was immediately understood and put into practice. So, when the Provisional Charter of the Republic of Korea was drafted, freedom and rights were specifically stipulated. Therefore, when the Provisional Charter of the Republic of Korea was enacted, freedom and rights were stipulated in detail. The Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea was established after several attempts to establish a government in exile and a provisional government. 헌법사는 일반적으로 기본권 보호와 권력분립에 관한 내용을 담은 헌법인 근대적 의미의 헌법 제정을 출발점으로 삼는다. 대한민국 임시정부 헌법은 근대적 의미의 헌법에 해당한다. 따라서 한국 헌법사는 최소한 대한민국 임시헌장을 제정한 1919년 4월 11일로 거슬러 올라가야 한다. 근대적 의미의 헌법 제정과 직접 관련이 있는 역사적 과정을 헌법전사라고 한다. 이러한 점에서 헌법전사는 근대적 의미의 헌법 제정 이전과 이후를 연결하는 고리이다. 조선과 대한제국은 전제군주국이었다. 그런데 1919년 4월 11일 대한민국 임시헌장을 만들고 대한민국을 건국하면서 민주공화국이 선포되었다. 제국에서 공화국으로 넘어가는 시민혁명이 일어난 것이다. 따라서 한국 헌법전사는 전제군주정 아래에서 삼정문란을 가져온 세도정치라는 구체제를 어떻게 극복하고 인민으로 각성한 신민이 민주공화국인 대한민국을 세우는 과정이다. 헌법전과 헌법사항을 담은 의미 있는 문서를 아울러 헌법문서라고 한다. 헌법에 관한 당대의 사고는 헌법전뿐 아니라 다양한 형식의 문서로 결집하여 표출되기도 한다. 이러한 점에서 헌법사, 특히 헌법전사를 이해하는 데 헌법문서는 유용한 길잡이가 된다. 헌법전사와 관련이 있는 헌법문서에는 혁신정강 14조, 12개 폐정개혁안, 홍범 14조, 헌의 6조, 국태민안・칙어, 대한국 국제, 성명회 선언서, 대동단결선언, 무오독립선언서, 2・8 독립선언서, 3・1 독립선언서 등이 있다. 국민 및 영토 확정과 밀접한 관련이 있고, 나라의 기본성격을 표현하는 국호는 조선과 대한제국으로 거쳐 대한민국으로 확정되었다. 대한민국은 한민족을 중심으로 구성된 국민 모두를 위한 국가를 가리킨다. 헌법이 창설하는 국가 형태는 1919년 대한민국 임시헌장부터 민주공화국으로 확정되어 지금까지 유지된다. 공화주의는 전제군주제를 입헌군주제로 바꾸려는 노력이 무산되고 나서 본격적으로 등장하여 복벽주의의 도전을 물리치고 헌법의 기본원리가 되었다. 헌법을 만들고 고치는 주체는 인민으로 각성한 신민이 오랜 투쟁 끝에 시민으로 각성하고 나서 대한제국이 국가로서 기능하지 못하면서 나타난 자연상태를 민족으로 뭉쳐 극복하여 대한민국을 건설하면서 국민이 되어 나타났다. 국가영역은 국민이 사는 토대이면서 국가권력이 미치는 공간적 범위이다. 조선이 청나라와 백두산정계비를 세운 이후에 조선과 대한제국은 열강의 끊임없는 위협과 침략 속에도 영토를 조금도 포기하지 않아서 대한민국의 영토는 조선과 대한제국의 고유영토를 그대로 계승한다. 근대적 의미의 헌법은 국민의 자유와 권리를 보장하려고 제정되었다. 한국에서는 전통적으로 평등 개념이 등장하여 인민이 끊임없이 신분제 폐지를 위해서 싸워 실현하였다. 그리고 서양에서 수입한 자유 개념도 곧바로 이해하여 실천하는 데 이르렀다. 그래서 대한민국 임시헌장을 만들 때 자유와 권리가 구체적으로 규정되었다. 대한민국 임시정부는 광무 황제(고종)의 7차례 국내 망명 시도에 이은 국외 망명정부 시도와 미주에서 싹튼 임시정부 수립 노력이 발전적으로 결합하여 만들어진 것이다.

시간의 흐름에 따라 살펴본 한국 헌법전사

허완중 ( Heo Wan-jung ) 제주대학교 법과정책연구원 2021 法과 政策 Vol.27 No.3

Compared to the western constitutional history, it is difficult to say that the 150-year history of Korean constitution is long. However, the history of the Korean constitution is more compact and more dramatic than any other country's constitutional history. Various cases that can be seen in the history of the Western constitution can be easily found in the history of the Korean constitution. In particular, the constitutional pre-history, which can be seen from 1863 to 1919, created a unique constitutional history that accepted Western constitutional theory and practiced it. The history of the Korean constitution begins when the old system of sedo politics is liquidated with the support of the people who have recognized them as people. Of course, the history of the Korean constitution in earnest begins on July 17, 1948, when the constitution of the Republic of Korea is promulgated. However, In the preamble of the constitution, it is clearly stated that it inherits the legal authenticity of the Korean Provisional Government, and the constitution in the modern meaning of guaranteeing basic rights and separation of powers as essential elements begins with the constitution of the Korean Provisional Government. Accordingly, it can be seen as Korean Pre-Constitutional History from the enthronement of King Gojong to the promulgation of the Korean Provisional Government constitution. Pre- Constitutional History refers to the process of making the Korean Provisional Government constitution, which is a constitution in the modern meaning that guarantees basic rights and separation of powers as essential elements. Just as there was confusion between the monarchy and the republic until France became a fully modern constitutional state after the French Revolution, between the monarchy and the republic until the promulgation of the Provisional Charter of the Korean Provisional Government starting with Article 1 declaring that Korea is a democratic republic after Gojong became king. First, starting from the retro-style conservative reform of the reinforcement of the kingship of Heungseondaewon-gun, the Gapsinjeongbyeon, a downward reform of the radical enlightenment group, and the Donghak Peasant Revolution, a realistic upward reform centered on farmers, followed by the Gabo reform of the moderate enlightenment group under Japanese influence. However, all of these reforms failed and reflected on it, followed by a moderate and gradual reform of vertical cooperation through dialogue and discussions of the Independence Association and the Manmin Joint Conference. However, Gojong’s conservative reaction took place, and the Gwangmu Reform, a selfish conservative reform without the people, was promoted. However, reforms without the people’s support were forced to fail, and the Korean Empire became strong in Japan and its government was destroyed. Accordingly, an attempt to establish an exile government based on monarchism and an attempt to establish a provisional government based on republicanism are promoted, respectively. This attempt bears fruit with the establishment of the Korean Provisional Government, an exile government based on republicanism with the March 1 Declaration of Independence. And, with the Korean Provisional Government enacting the Provisional Charter of the Republic of Korea, the first constitution in the modern sense, the Korean constitution history begins in earnest.

헌정사교육 교수,학습 방안 연구

김자영 ( Ja Young Kim ),전진현 ( Jin Hyun Jeon ),김경래 ( Kyong Rae Kim ) 한국법교육학회 2015 법교육연구 Vol.10 No.2

Constitutional education using constitutional history is based on an understanding of the context of the enactment of the constitution, amendment process. The goal of constitutional education is to make citizens recognize values and significances of the Constitution and have an active attitude to realize constitutional values. This is helpful to understand the dynamic and contextual aspects of the constitution. Constitutional education using constitutional history aims to understand roles of citizen as a protector of constitutions by means of extensive theme, and develop open attitude about changeability of constitutions. For this, we need to compose learning contents to support contextual comprehension and to simulate deduction and imagination and to motivate cognitive conflicts. In this study, we extract content elements based on the approach of the constitutional education. And we suggest units that could be applied to the school education. Furthermore, we propose a specific instruction case that applies the content of the constitutional history to the teaching and learning method. This study will contribute to concretize the constitutional education using the constitutional history and to increase its applicability in the school field.

헌정사를 활용한 헌법교육 방안 탐색

김자영 ( Ja Young Kim ),전진현 ( Jin Hyun Jeon ),김경래 ( Kyong Rae Kim ) 한국법교육학회 2015 법교육연구 Vol.10 No.1

Constitution is an essential norm for community building and sustaining. Constitutional education is meaningful in understanding requirement of having effects as a norm and in practicing constitutional value in students’ life. Several studies criticize that existing constitutional education teaches knowledge about the constitution rather than insightful understanding constitution and internalizes constitutional value. In this study, we research that using constitutional history as a part of constitutional education. For this, we analyze that how to use constitutional history in textbooks and programs of constitutional education institutions in America. As a result, there are implications for constitutional history education in Korea that organizing contents concerned context, using variety materials and using inquiry activities for promoting student’s participation are useful. Many studies for constitutional history education could contribute to develop students’ constitutional identity and understand their positions as a guardian of constitution.

헌법개정 절차의 역사적 변화와 개선 방안에 대한 고찰

홍석한 미국헌법학회 2024 미국헌법연구 Vol.35 No.2

This study identifies procedural problems revealed in the history of Constitutional reform, analyzes the significance and limitations of the current Constitution's reform procedure, and suggests ways to improve it. The Korean Constitution has been amended nine times, largely by the government and the ruling party to extend their regimes. Due to this history, the current Constitutional reform procedure is overly strict. Additionally, it has been 40 years since the last revision, and no constitutional reforms have been made since. However, constitutional reform is necessary to maintain the Constitution's normative power as times change. The lessons from the history of constitutional reform and the reasons for the current Constitution's strict procedural stipulations must be considered. The Constitutional reform procedure must be improved to enhance the Constitution's normative power while ensuring stability through the democratic process. Accordingly, there are plans to introduce a public initiative system for drafting constitutional reforms, or to supplement the existing system to ensure sufficient public review and consensus before proposals are made by the National Assembly and the President. Also, plans include allowing constitutional reforms through National Assembly resolutions without a national referendum, relaxing quorum requirements for National Assembly resolutions and referendums, and dualizing the procedure based on the scale and content of reforms. Above all, it is crucial to collect and reflect broad public opinion in practical terms. In addition, the possibility of hasty revisions based on numerical superiority or revisions that violate procedures must be completely blocked. Enacting a law on the Constitutional reform procedure and institutionalizing judicial review of Constitutional reforms should be considered.

헌법과 역사 - 헌법학의 관점에서 -

전광석(CHEON Kwang Seok) 한국공법학회 2021 공법연구 Vol.50 No.1

헌법은 특정 시점에서 국민의 주권적 결정으로서 고유한 가치를 유지하면서 동시에 새로운 상황에서 헌법현실을 포섭하여 발전적으로 구성된다. 이 점에서 헌법은 역사적 성격을 강하게 띠며, 과거는 현재에 이르는 구조를 제시하고 현재는 과거를 이해하는 관점을 제공한다. 헌법학은 헌법과 역사의 관계를 서술하는 중요한 소재이다. 헌법학의 역사는 역사학의 분과로서 역사학적 방법론이 적용되어야 하지만, 동시에 현재의 법적 쟁점과 문제를 과거에 투영하기 위해서는 법학방법론 역시 유지되어야 한다. 헌법학에서 역사가 연구의 중심을 이루는 층위는 다양하다. 헌법이 역사 혹은 역사적 시점을 회고하거나 역사적 당위를 직접 제시하는 경우가 있다. 일반적으로 헌법은 객관적 원리를 추상적이고 간결하게 표현하여 역사의 진행을 포섭하면서 계속성을 유지한다. 또 우리 헌법은 사회적 기본권 및 경제질서와 같이 사회적 과제를 실현하는 목표규정을 두고 있으며, 평등권은 법적 평등을 넘어 사회적 평등을 요청하기 때문에 헌법이 역사의 진행에서 발전적으로 구성되는 폭이 넓다. 이에 헌법학은 특히 사회과학의 인식과 분석, 그리고 그 변화에 기초하여 헌법현실을 헌법규범에 편입하고, 헌법규범을 새로운 상황에 따라 발전적으로 재구성하여야 한다. 비교헌법의 연구에 있어서도 역사의 관점은 필수적이다. 외국의 헌법 및 헌법이론이 해당 역사적 배경에서 이해되어야 하며, 그러한 규범적 및 이론적 성과는 해당 국가의 역사와 우리의 역사, 그리고 역사의 진행에서 기능하는 헌법과 비교될 수 있을 때 비로소 유용하기 때문이다. The constitutional law protects the inherent value, and sustains its continuity in the process of the subsumption of the constitutional reality into the norm. It is the sovereign decision of the people and works as the long-term basic order, which should be recomposed in the response to the new situation. In this point of view the constitutional law is characterized as the historical entity. In this historical context the past provides us with the reaching structure to the present, and the present with the perspective for the understanding of the past. The research of the constitutional law is the important material to describe the relation between the constitutional law and history. Here should be applied the historical research method on the one hand. On the other hand legal research method is required to project the present legal issues and problems into the past. The history lies in the various dimensions in the research of the relation between the constitutional law and history. First, the constitutional law directly faces the history. It is the case, when the constitutional law retrospectively refers to the historical moment or historical imperativeness. Second, more generally the constitutional law sustains its continuity in expressing the principles abstractly and concisely, which then contributes to bring the historical proceedings into the constitutional law. The korean constitutional law has the wide spread for the evolutionary composition, because it proscribes the social task in the form of the social basic rights and economic order, and in addition the equality clause requires the social dimension beyond the legal. Accordingly the constitutional research is assigned to project the perception and analysis of the constitutional realities from the viewpoint of the social sciences into the norm, and further recompose the norm based on them. This perspective should be kept in mind also in the comparative constitutional research. The foreign constitutional law and theory should be understood in the background of the relevant history. Then such achievement should be compared in the context of the foreign and inland history and from the perspective of the constitutional function in the historical process. It is the precondition for the usefulness of the comparative constitutional research.

憲法·憲法學史·憲法學者

전광석 한국공법학회 2015 공법연구 Vol.44 No.1

This article aims to explain the necessity to research the constitutional law scholars, the research as well as writing method on that field. It has described also why such a research is not to be delayed at this stage of time. Previous researches on this field and some defaults of them pointed out. The political situation of the past led to neglect the research the legal history in general(legal nihilism), so that the historical character of the law should be restored. What the research method concerns, it relied on the discussion in the field of the general history, on which this article came to the conclusion that neither the method to reach the history as it has been, nor the normative method for the designated orientation of the history should be chosen. The research of the ‘as it has been’ should be seen from the perspective of the present existential ‘sein’. It is pointed out, that as the constitution, inter alia, is strongly characterized as the political law, the constitutional law scholar is very adequate actor to participate in the formation and application of the constitution. Concerning the scope of the description, it was stressed that the research of the intellectual history of the in general and of the constitutional law scholar interactively come to understand the formative process of the constitutional history. Finally the openness and relativity of the historical description is proposed to be the essential perspective to the further researching on this theme. 이 글은 헌법학자에 대한 연구의 필요성을 밝히고, 또 연구 및 서술방법론을 제시하는 목적을 갖는다. 연구의 필요성과 관련하여 이에 관한 연구가 아주 늦은 것은 아니지만 동시에 더 이상 미룰 수 없는 과제라는 점을 밝히고자 하였다. 선행연구의 내용과 문제점을 지적하였다. 법학사 일반에 관한 연구가 소홀히 될 수밖에 없었던 과거의 정치적 상황을 분석하였고(법적 허무주의), 법의 역사성을 회복하는 필요성을 밝혔다. 연구의 방법론과 관련해서는 일반적인 역사방법론에 관한 논의를 참고하여 ‘있는 그대로의’ 역사를 서술하는 방법론도, 또 특정한 목적론이 지배하는 방법론도 타당하지 않다고 보았다. 기본적으로는 과거의 현재를 탐구하여야 하며, 이때 현재의 실존적 상황을 설명하는 관점이 필요하다는 점을 강조하였다. 특히 헌법의 경우 정치적 성격이 강하기 때문에 헌법의 성립과 운영에 있어서 더욱 헌법학자가 중립적인 행위자로서 참여할 수 있다는 점을 강조하였다. 서술의 범위와 관련하여 헌법학사와 헌법학자에 대한 연구가 역사를 서술하는데 있어서 상호보완관계에 있다는 점을 밝혔다. 마지막으로 헌법학자에 대한 연구에 있어서 역사의 개방성과 상대성이 서술의 중요한 기준이 되어야 한다는 점을 강조하였다.

뉴노멀 시대의 헌법개정 - 헌법개정사에 대한 반성적 고찰과 헌법개정방식의 변경을 중심으로 -

이재희 유럽헌법학회 2022 유럽헌법연구 Vol.- No.39

Under the health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the role of the state should be expanded. The state should not only guarantee the safety of individuals' lives from the risk of infection, but also help individuals to maintain their own lifestyle. Meanwhile, in order to prevent the spread of infection, the state has no choice but to restrict the freedom of assembly and association of individuals. If there is a limit to appropriately responding to new social phenomena triggered by COVID-19 through the application of the existing legal system, constitutional amendment needs to be considered as the next step. Looking back on the history of constitutional revision of the Republic of Korea in the past, the constitution has been amended for the purpose of legitimizing power in the context of political change. The constitutional amendment have not been tried for the purpose of adapting to social change. However, it is time to consider the constitutional amendment according to the needs of the people. And in the age of new normal of COVID-19, we need to consider the constitutional amendment to actively accommodate these social changes. However, it is true that it is practically difficult to amend the constitution through the constitutional amendment procedure stipulated in the current constitution. What made the constitutional amendment process difficult was to prevent the constitutional amendment from being misused by powered people. However, the democracy of the Republic of Korea has now stabilized to some extent, and society has changed significantly under the current constitution. Moreover, in the current crisis situation, constitutional amendment is requested. Therefore, it is necessary to revise the constitutional amendment procedure so that it is possible to amend the constitution if it is necessary to adapt to social change. 코로나19 팬데믹에 의한 보건위기상황 하에서 국가의 역할 확대가 요청된다. 국가는 감염위기로부터 개인의 생명, 신체의 안전을 보장해야 할 뿐 아니라, 개인들이 자신의 원래의 생활방식을 유지할 수 있도록 보조해야 한다. 한편 보건위기 상황에서 감염확산을 방지하기 위해 국가는 개인들의 대면활동을 제한하고 이동을 차단하는 등 개인의 기본권을 제한할 수밖에 없다. 코로나19로 촉발된 새로운 사회현상들에 대하여, 기존 법제도의 적용을 통해 적절하게 대응하는데 한계가 있다면, 다음단계로서 사회변화에 따른 헌법개정이 고려될 필요가 있다. 종래 우리의 헌법개정사를 돌이켜보면, 정치적 변혁 상황에서 집권의 정당화 목적으로 헌법이 개정되었다. 사회변화에 적응하기 위한 목적에서, 국민의 필요를 직접적으로 반영한 헌법개정이 이루어지지 않았다. 그러나 이제 국민의 필요에 따른 헌법개정이 검토되어야 한다. 그리고 코로나19 뉴노멀 시대에, 이러한 사회변화를 적극적으로 수용하기 위하여 헌법개정을 숙고해야 한다. 그런데 현행헌법에 규정되어 있는 헌법개정절차를 통해서는 헌법개정이 현실적으로 어려운 것이 사실이다. 헌법개정절차를 어렵게 만든 것은 헌법개정이 집권연장에 악용되는 것을 막기 위한 것이었다. 그러나 이제 민주주의가 어느 정도 안정화되었고, 현행헌법 하에서 사회가 크게 변화하였으며, 더욱이 현재의 위기상황에서 헌법개정에 의한 대응이 요청되고 있다. 따라서 사회변화에 적응하기 위하여 필요한 경우 헌법개정이 가능할 수 있도록 헌법개정절차를 개정할 필요가 있다.

헌법해석의 정치학 ― 성문 헌법과 복지국가의 관계를 중심으로 ―

이국운 한국공법학회 2024 공법연구 Vol.53 No.1

이 글은 대한민국 헌정사에서 성문 헌법과 복지국가의 상호관계에 관한 헌법해석의 변동을 헌법해석자들의 범위에 초점을 두어 일관되게 설명해 보려는 시도이다. 출발점은 ‘2024년의 한국 사회가 어떻게 사회민주주의 정치세력 없이 나름의 복지국가를 실현할 수 있었는가?’라는 질문이다. 이를 해명하기 위하여 이 글은 우선 1948년 제헌헌법의 사회권 조항들의 문면 및 그 해석자로 지목되었던 민주적 의회의 역할에 주목하면서, 대한민국 헌정사에서 ‘복지국가의 실현’이 처음부터 민주공화국 프로젝트의 핵심 과제로 주어졌음을 확인한다. 1961년 5월 16일에 등장한 박정희 군사정권은 1962년에 국민투표로 통과된 제5차 개정 헌법을 통해 이와 같은 정치적 설계를 승계했으나, 1972년의 유신헌법을 통해 이를 일정부분 철회하고 사실상 다시 군사정권으로 돌아갔다. 하지만 제헌헌법 이래의 사회권 조항은 유신헌법에서도 유지되었으며, 그와 같은 규범적 토대 위에서 박정희 대통령은 제4차 경제개발 5개년계획이 시작된 1977년부터 ‘의료보험제도’를 비롯한 이른바 ‘사회 개발’을 추진했다. 이 글은 하나회 군사정권이 주도한 1980년의 제8차 헌법개정을 유신체제로부터의 출구전략으로 이해하면서 ‘자유화’의 관점에서 일정한 변화를 확인한 뒤, 하나회 군사정권 그 자체의 출구전략이 민주화 세력과의 정치적 타협을 통해 변형될 수밖에 없었던 정치적 맥락에 초점을 맞추어 1987년의 제9차 헌법개정 및 그 이후의 대한민국 헌정사를 재음미한다. 마지막으로는 복지국가의 발생과정에서 성문 헌법의 정치적 역할 및 그 한계를 검토함으로써 논의의 결론에 갈음한다. This article is an attempt to consistently explain the changes in the interpretation of the constitution on the interrelationship between the written constitution and the welfare state in the constitutional history of the Republic of Korea, focusing on the scope of constitutional interpreters. The starting point is the question of how Korean society was able to realize its own welfare state in 2024 without the Social Democrats in the political arena. To clarify this, I confirm that ‘realization of a welfare state’ was given as a key task in the project of a democratic republic in the constitutional history of the Republic of Korea, by paying attention to the texts of the social rights provisions of the 1948 Constitution and the role of the democratic parliament, which was pointed out as its major interpreter. Park Chung-hee's military regime, which appeared on May 16, 1961, succeeded in this political design through the 5th revised Constitution, which was passed by a referendum in 1962 as a kind of exit plan. However, this original exit plan was partially withdrawn through so-called ‘the Yushin Constitution’ in 1972 and Park Chung-hee's government returned to the military regime. However, the provisions of social rights since the Constitution of 1948 were maintained in ‘the Yushin Constitution’, and on such a normative basis, President Park Chung-hee has promoted so-called ‘social development’ including the ‘medical insurance system’ since 1977. Understanding the 8th constitutional revision in 1980 led by so-called the ‘Hanahoe’ military regime as an exit strategy from the ‘Yushin system’, I try to reexamine some changes from the perspective of “liberation”. In the constitutional history of the Republic of Korea, the 9th constitutional revison in 1987 was happened in the political context that the ‘Hanaheo’ military regime's own exit plan was forced to be transformed through political compromise with democratization forces. In the last chapter, I discuss as a conclusion the political role and limitations of the written constitution in developing a welfare state in Korean context.