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한국과 중국 법원의 위법수집증거배제법칙 적용에 관한 비교법적 검토
김재중,진가 한양법학회 2019 漢陽法學 Vol.30 No.2
The evidence collected based on the illegal procedure is referred to as “improperly or illegally obtained evidence” and the issue of Exclusionary Rule of the Illegally Obtained Evidence is about whether such evidence is accepted or not. In accordance with common law of the United States, the Exclusionary Rule of the Illegally Obtained Evidence denies the evidence and secondary evidence obtained from the illegal investigation to prevent such evidence from utilized as the evidence of guilt. This study reviews on how Exclusionary Rule of the Illegally Obtained Evidence is applied on courts of South Korea and China, find issues to be addressed in china, and find improvement measures. The conclusions are as follows. First, Chinese court should make a legal organization by introducing investigation without physical detention, right to remain silent, warrant system, and participation of attorney during questioning of suspect to create the environment where Exclusionary Rule of the Illegally Obtained Evidence can be applied. Secondly, it’s hard to understand and identify the position of Supreme People’s Court toward Exclusionary Rule of the Illegally Obtained Evidence. Thus, there should be further researches on judicial precedents and establish unified precedent system in Supreme Court and local courts to acknowledge the legal binding force of the precedent from the local court in the similar case. Based on such legal binding force, Exclusionary Rule of the Illegally Obtained Evidence will be rooted well. Third, Exclusionary Rule of the Illegally Obtained Evidence is limitedly applied on serious crimes such as murder, injury, rape, or drug in China. Thus, Exclusionary Rule of the Illegally Obtained Evidence should be applied on the minor crimes to guarantee the human rights of the defendant. Fourth, the admissibility of evidence is limited based on the Exclusionary Rule of the Illegally Obtained Evidence. Since the exclusionary rule is applied on verbal evidence, the detailed application scope and criteria should be suggested on non-verbal evidence. Fifth, Exclusionary Rule of the Illegally Obtained Evidence is merely a compelled confession rule in China. Thus, Confession Requiring Corroborating Evidence should be introduced together to protect the defendant in the forced confession by the investigative institute.
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한국과 중국의 위법수집증거배제법칙에 관한 비교법적 검토
김재중,진가 원광대학교 한중관계연구원 2019 韓中關係硏究 Vol.5 No.2
위법한 절차에 의하여 수집된 증거를 위법수집증거라고 하고, 이러한 위법수집증거 의 증거능력을 인정할 것인지 여부에 관한 논의가 바로 위법수집증거배제법칙에 관한 문제이다. 미국 대법원 판례를 통해 발전한 위법수집증거배제법칙은 위법수사로 인하 여 획득한 증거와 그 증거를 원인으로 하여 얻어진 2차적 증거들에 대하여 증거능력을 부인함으로써 유죄의 증거로 삼을 수 없도록 하는 원칙이라고 일반적으로 이해되고 있다. 한국과 중국 양국의 위법수집증거배제법칙에 대한 쟁점을 살펴보면 중국에서 향후 보완되어야 할 문제점을 쉽게 찾아 볼 수 있다. 첫째, 위법수집증거배제법칙에 대한 중국 최고인민법원의 입장이 무엇인지 제대로 이해하고 파악할 수 없는 어려움이 있으므로 향후 고급법원을 포함한 지방법원의 판례 에 대한 연구를 강화하고 통일적인 판례체계를 구축함으로써 유사한 사건에서 지방법 원 판례의 기속력을 인정해야 이 원칙의 작동이 원활하게 뿌리내릴 수 있을 것이다. 둘째, 중국에서 위법수집증거배제법칙 적용대상 사건범위가 주로 살인, 상해, 강도, 강간, 마약 등 중대 범죄에 한해서 적용되고 있기 때문에 향후 피고인의 인권보장을 위하여 경미한 범죄에도 위 원칙이 적용되어야 할 것이다. 셋째, 중국에서 위법수집증거배제법칙에 의해 증거능력을 부정하는 범위가 제한되 어 있다. 즉 이 원칙이 진술증거에 한해서 적용되고 있기 때문에 비진술증거에도 구체 적 적용범위와 판단기준을 제시하여야 할 것이다. 넷째, 중국에서 위법수집증거배제법칙은 사실상 강요에 의한 자백배제법칙에 지나 지 않기 때문에 자백의 보강법칙을 함께 도입하여야 수사기관의 자백강요로부터 피고 인을 지킬 수 있을 것이다. The evidence collected based on the illegal procedure is referred to as “improperly or illegally obtained evidence” and the issue of Exclusionary Rule of the Illegally Obtained Evidence is about whether such evidence is accepted or not. In accordance with common law of the United States, the Exclusionary Rule of the Illegally Obtained Evidence denies the evidence and secondary evidence obtained from the illegal investigation to prevent such evidence from utilized as the evidence of guilt. This study reviews on how Exclusionary Rule of the Illegally Obtained Evidence is applied on courts of South Korea and China, find issues to be addressed in china, and find improvement measures. The conclusions are as follows. Chinese court should make a legal organization by introducing investigation without physical detention, right to remain silent, warrant system, and participation of attorney during questioning of suspect to create the environment where Exclusionary Rule of the Illegally Obtained Evidence can be applied. First, it’s hard to understand and identify the position of Supreme People’s Court toward Exclusionary Rule of the Illegally Obtained Evidence. Thus, there should be further researches on judicial precedents and establish unified precedent system in Supreme Court and local courts to acknowledge the legal binding force of the precedent from the local court in the similar case. Based on such legal binding force, Exclusionary Rule of the Illegally Obtained Evidence will be rooted well. Secondly, Exclusionary Rule of the Illegally Obtained Evidence is limitedly applied on serious crimes such as murder, injury, rape, or drug in China. Thus, Exclusionary Rule of the Illegally Obtained Evidence should be applied on the minor crimes to guarantee the human rights of the defendant. Third, the admissibility of evidence is limited based on the Exclusionary Rule of the Illegally Obtained Evidence. Since the exclusionary rule is applied on verbal evidence, the detailed application scope and criteria should be suggested on non-verbal evidence. Fourth, Exclusionary Rule of the Illegally Obtained Evidence is merely a compelled confession rule in China. Thus, Confession Requiring Corroborating Evidence should be introduced together to protect the defendant in the forced confession by the investigative institute.
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