The Effects of Issue Leadership on Creative Behavior : Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Collective Intelligence Moderated by Collective Leadership

Ho-June Oh(오호준),Je-Goo Shin(신제구) 대한리더십학회 2017 리더십연구 Vol.9 No.1

본 연구는 이슈 리더십이 창의적 행동에 영향을 미치는 직접효과와 집단지성을 통하여 영향 을 미치는 간접효과에서 집합적 리더십의 조절효과와 조건부효과를 검증함으로써, 이슈 리더십과 집합적 리더십의 상호작용 효과성을 실증적으로 밝히고 효과적인 리더십 발휘 방안을 제시하는 것을 그 목적으로 한다. 본 연구에서는 자기 보고형 설문방식의 측정에서 나타날 수 있는 동일방법편의(common method bias)를 해결하기 위한 방법으로 직무상황에서 정서상태를 표현해주는 정서성(affectivity)을 직급 등과 함께 통제변수로 채택하였고, 국내 500인 이상 규모의 다양한 업종에 근무하는 직장인들로부터 획득한 설문지 319부 중 부적절한 자료(univariate outlier) 8부를 제외하고 최종적으로 311부를 분석에 사용하였다. 연구결과, 이슈 리더십과 창의적 행동간 직접효과와 집단지성을 통한 간접효과가 모두 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 이슈 리더십과 창의적 행동 간 관계에서 집합적 리더십의 단순 조절효과(강화효과)와 조건부 직접효과가 모두 확인되었으며, 이슈 리더십과 집단지성간 관계에서 집합적 리더십의 단순 조절효과(강화효과)와 이슈 리더십이 집단지성을 경유하여 창의적 행동에 미치는 간접효과가 집합적 리더십에 의해 조절되는 조건부 간접효과 역시 확인되었다. 본 연구는 이슈 리더십이 창의적 행동에 미치는 긍정적인 영향에서 리더십과 조직행동 분야에서 비교적 연구가 부족했던 집단지성의 매개효과와 집합적 리더십의 조절효과 및 조건부 효과의 영향관계를 밝힘으로써 이슈 리더십과 집합적 리더십의 상호작용 효과성을 확인하였다는데 의의가 있다. With the goal to present an effective leadership strategy in the organizational context, this study empirically verifies the direct effect of issue leadership on creative behavior and how this effect via collective intelligence is assisted by collective leadership to reveal the interaction between issue leadership and collective leadership. To resolve potential common method bias from the self-report survey method employed for data collection, affectivity was set as one of the control variables. A 311 out of 319 responses from employees at firms with more than 500 employees in various industries were used for analysis, after excluding eight univariate outliers. Our analysis results confirmed that issue leadership has a significant direct effect on creative behavior and that this relationship is mediated by collective intelligence. Also, we identified the simple moderating effect(synergistic effect) and conditional direct effect of collective leadership between issue leadership and creative behavior, as well as that the indirect effect of issue leadership on creative behavior through collective intelligence is moderated(conditional indirect effect) by collective leadership. This study expands leadership and organizational behavior research by examining issue leadership’s positive effect on creative behavior and the role of collective intelligence and collective leadership and verifying the interaction between issue leadership and collective leadership.

The Effects of Issue Leadership on Creative Behavior: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Collective Intelligence Moderated by Collective Leadership

오호준,신제구 리더십학회 2017 리더십연구 Vol.9 No.1

With the goal to present an effective leadership strategy in the organizational context, this study empirically verifies the direct effect of issue leadership on creative behavior and how this effect via collective intelligence is assisted by collective leadership to reveal the interaction between issue leadership and collective leadership. To resolve potential common method bias from the self-report survey method employed for data collection, affectivity was set as one of the control variables. A 311 out of 319 responses from employees at firms with more than 500 employees in various industries were used for analysis, after excluding eight univariate outliers. Our analysis results confirmed that issue leadership has a significant direct effect on creative behavior and that this relationship is mediated by collective intelligence. Also, we identified the simple moderating effect(synergistic effect) and conditional direct effect of collective leadership between issue leadership and creative behavior, as well as that the indirect effect of issue leadership on creative behavior through collective intelligence is moderated(conditional indirect effect) by collective leadership. This study expands leadership and organizational behavior research by examining issue leadership’s positive effect on creative behavior and the role of collective intelligence and collective leadership and verifying the interaction between issue leadership and collective leadership. Key words: Issue leadership, Collective intelligence, Creative behavior, Collective leadership

How Does Leadership Sharing Promote Collective Orientations among Team Members?

조윤희(Yoon hee Cho),홍계훈(Gye Hoon Hong),윤정구(Jeong koo Yoon) 대한리더십학회 2016 리더십연구 Vol.7 No.1

본 연구는 팀장의 변혁적 리더십이 팀 집단지향성에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구이다. 팀 집단 지향성은 팀원들이 집단에 대해서 어떠한 인지 및 태도를 가지고 있는 지를 말하며, 본 연구에서는 팀의 집단 책임감과 팀 효능감으로 측정했다. 또한 변혁적 리더십과 집단 책임감 및 팀 효능감의 관계들에서 팀 구성원들 간 리더십을 공유하는 공유 리더십의 매개 역할을 밝히고자 한다. 팀장이 팀원에게 미치는 리더십의 영향력은 점차적으로 팀원 전체에게 내재화되고 공유된다는 가정하에, 공유 리더십을 팀장의 변혁적 리더십과 팀 집단지향성을 연결시켜주는 매개효과로 보고자 하였다. 이와 같은 가설을 검증하기 위해, 2013년 초부터 2014년 4월까지 4개의 회사의 팀장과 팀원들에게 팀 단위의 설문을 실시하였으며 142팀 962명의 표본을 확보하였다. 분석결과, 가설에서 예측했던 바와 같이 팀장의 변혁적 리더십이 팀원간의 집단 책임감 및 팀 효능감에 긍정적인 영향들을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 공유 리더십은 변혁적 리더십과 집단 책임감 및 팀 효능감 간의 관계들을 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 변혁적 리더십과 집단 책임감의 관계에선 완전 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 다양한 산업에서 공유 리더십의 효과는 결코 적지 않으며, 수직적인 관계에서 시작하는 리더십 영향력이 수평적인 관계로 발전할 수 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구는 변혁적 리더십 및 공유리더십 영향력 과정에 대한 이해의 폭을 넓히고자 하였다는 시사점이 있다. 본 연구의 한계 및 향후 연구방향도 제시되어 있다. This study investigates the effects of leadership sharing on collective orientations among team members. The source of sharing is a team leader's transformational leadership and the target of distribution is team members. Collective orientations of interest are collective responsibility and team efficacy. We postulate that when a team effectively distributes its leader's leadership style to members, the members who successfully share the leadership style of their leader develop collective orientations. We argue further that when members fully adopt their leader's leadership style, the effect of the source leadership by the leader on collective orientations was diminished, because the shared leadership among members mediate the source leadership. We tested these theoretical hypotheses with 962 team members working in 142 teams at Korean firms. As predicted, the effect of the team leader's leadership style on collective orientations was mediated by members' distributed leadership. Especially, shared leadership fully mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and collective responsibility. We discussed the theoretical and practical implications of our findings in more detail.

중국공산당 지도부에서 ‘핵심’의 의미와 시진핑(習近平)의 정치적 지위

안치영 중앙대학교 중앙사학연구소 2016 중앙사론 Vol.0 No.44

The ‘leadership core’ status in the Chinese leadership was raised by Deng Xiaoping in 1989. China has transformed its leadership system into a collective leadership system as a result of its reflection on the Cultural Revolution after the reform, but it has raised the 'leadership core' as the center of authority to supplement the limits of the decentralized collective leadership system in the process of succession to a new generation. Therefore, the ‘leadership core’ is stronger than the "primus inter pares" of the collective leadership system, but is restricted by the collective leadership system itself. The collective leadership system and the "leadership core" is an institutional mechanism designed for the dual purpose of prevention of power monopoly by individuals and efficient exercise of power. In this regard, the main direction of China's political system reform after the reform was to form a stable succession system in which periodic personnel changes are made. To this end, the CCP created formal and informal institutions and practices such as the term limit and the age rule, and formed the promotion system and succession system of cadre including top leadership. The succession after Jiang was made by such a system, and the granting of ‘leadership core’ status to Xi Jinping was the result of such institutional mechanism. For that reason, the political status of Xi Jinping is limited by such institutional mechanisms.

적응적 긴장과 창의적 행동의 관계에 대한 매개된 조절효과 검증 : 집단적 정체성의 매개역할과 변혁적 리더십의 조절역할

김익택(Kim-Ik Taik) 대한리더십학회 2014 리더십연구 Vol.5 No.3

본 연구는 적응적 긴장과 창의적 행동의 관계에 대한 집단적 정체성의 매개역할과 변혁적 리더십의 조절역할을 결합한 “매개된 조절모델”을 검증하는 데 있다. 특히 적응 적 긴장의 효과가 변혁적 리더십에 의해 조절되고 집단적 정체성에 의해 매개될 것인지, 그리고 이 프로세스가 매개된 조절모델인지, 조절된 매개모델인지를 검증하였다. 연구를 위해 대기업 3개사와 중소기업 2개사의 사무관리직 전체를 대상으로 846명 의 설문자료를 입수하였으며, 분석은 Muller, Judd, & Yzerbyt(2005)가 제시한 3단계 매 개된 조절효과 분석방법을 사용하였다. 분석결과 매개된 조절모델과 일치했다. 즉, 적응적 긴장은 집단적 정체성을 통해 창의적 행동에 영향을 미치고, 변혁적 리더십이 강할수록 적응적 긴장은 창의적 행동에 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 적응적 긴장과 창의적 행동에 대한 집단적 정체성은 변혁적 리더십에 따라 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것이 확인되었다. 실무적 함의는 적응적 긴장을 창의적으로 해결하기 위해서는 조직의 리더는 변혁적 행동을 할 필요가 있으며, 집단적 정체성의 주목성을 강조할 때 조직 구성원들은 보다 더 창의적 행동을 할 것이라는 점이다. This study aims to examine a process of mediated moderation that links adaptive tension to creative behavior. In particular, I test whether the effect of adaptive tension is moderated by transformational leadership and mediated by collective identity, and whether this process corresponds to a mediated moderation, or a moderated mediation. To investigate this study I surveyed 846 respondents belonging to 3 large companies & 2 small companies to collect data related to attribute variables(for example, an adaptive tension, collective identity, creative behavior, & transformational leadership). First of all, I tested whether the overall relationship between adaptive tension & creative behavior was moderated by transformational leadership. And I tested mediation of collective identity following the three-steps procedure proposed by Baron & Kenny(1986). Finally, I tested the possibility of simultaneous moderation of transformational leadership and mediation of collective identity, following the approach outlined by Muller, Judd, & Yzerbyt(2005). The results are consistent with a mediated moderation process: adaptive tension is able to positively influence creative behavior when leader is perceived as transformational leadership, and this moderation is mediated by collective identity, as transformational leadership is to positively influence creative behavior through a path of collective identity. On a practical level I suggested the findings that leader need to act transformational leadership in order to solve adaptive tension of the organization, and when emphasizing the collective identity, members of the organization will be more of a creative act.

임파워링 리더십이 성과에 미치는 영향: 개인수준과 팀 수준에서 효능감의 매개효과 검증

이철우 인문사회 21 2017 인문사회 21 Vol.8 No.6

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of empowering leadership on the organization member's performance and to examine the mediating effect of efficacy on individual and team level. Specifically, we examined the mediating effects of self-efficacy in the relationship between empowering leadership and individual performance at the individual level and verified the mediating effect of collective-efficacy in the relationship between empowering leadership and team performance at the team level. The results of this study are as follows: First, Empowering leadership has a significant effect on individual performance. Second, Empowering leadership has a significant effect on team performance. Third, Self-Efficacy was fully mediated the relationship between empowering leadership and individual performance. Fourth, Collective-Efficacy was partially mediated the relationship between empowering leadership and team performance. This study suggests that empowering leadership is effective leadership in enhancing organizational performance and is more effective at team level than at individual level. In addition, we found that the process of demonstration of empowering leadership differs in individual level and team level. 본 연구에서는 현대 조직에서 적용성이 높은 리더십으로 관심을 받고 있는 임파워링 리더십이 조직 구성원들의 성과에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고 효능감의 매개효과에 대해 개인수준과 팀 수준에서 검증하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 구체적으로 개인수준에서 임파워링 리더십과 개인성과 간의 관계에서 자기효능감의 매개효과를 검증하였고 팀 수준에서 임파워링 리더십과 팀 성과 간의 관계에서 집단효능감의 매개효과를 검증하였다. 본 연구의 가설검정결과 얻어진 몇 가지 내용에 대해 논의하면 첫째, 임파워링리더십은 개인성과에 유의한 영향을 미쳤고 둘째, 임파워링 리더십은 팀 성과에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 임파워링 리더십과 개인성과 간의 관계에서 자기효능감은 완전매개를하는 것으로 나타났고 넷째, 임파워링 리더십과 팀 성과 간의 관계에서 집단효능감은 부분매개를 하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 임파워링 리더십이 조직의 성과를 높이는데 유효한 리더십이며 개인수준에서 보다 팀 수준에서 더 효과적임을 제시하고 있다. 아울러 임파워링 리더십이 발휘되는 과정이 개인수준과 팀 수준에서 차이가 있음을 규명하였다.

태권도 시범단원이 인지하는 지도자의 리더십 유형과 지도자 신뢰, 집단지성의 관계

정태겸 세계태권도문화학회 2020 세계태권도문화학회지 Vol.11 No.4

The purpose of this study was to verify the relationship among coaches' leadership style, their reliance, and collective intelligence Perceived by Taekwondo Demonstrators. Subject of study consists of High school & university student who are active in a Taekwondo demonstration team painting in Seoul and Gyeonggi area. Total 250 questionnaires were distributed, although except 37 questionnaires, 213 questionnaires were collected. For data analysis PASW 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 were used for demographic analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis and structure equation modeling analysis. The results are as follow. First, the leadership of the coaches’ perceived by the Taekwondo Demonstrators would have positive effect on their trust of coaches. Second, trust of the coaches’ perceived by the Taekwondo Demonstrators influenced collective intelligence. Third, Among coaches' leadership, only servant leadership influenced collective intelligence.

중국 집단지도 체제의 제도 분석: 권력기구의 운영과 구성을 중심으로

조영남 서울대학교 국제학연구소 2019 국제지역연구 Vol.28 No.3

This article analyzes key rules and norms regulating collective leadership in China’s elite politics. Different from one-man-rule in the Mao Zedong era and oligarchy of revolutionary elders in the Deng Xiaoping era, the collective leadership after the Jiang Zemin era can not operate without pertinent rules and norms. It investigates how the collective leadership is constructed of and operate in accordance with related rules and norms, focusing on the Politburo and its Standing Committee. First, this article delves into the background against which collective leadership emerged in the Jiang era. Then, it looks into the principle of collective leadership. Third, it analyzes the operating rules of Politburo and its Standing Committee and their implementation in the political process. Finally, it investigates the norms regulating the construction of the two top power organs. 이 논문은 중국의 집단지도 체제를 구성하는 중요한 규정 및 규범을 분석한다. 마오쩌둥 시대의 일인지배나 덩샤오핑 시대의 원로지배와는 달리, 장쩌민 이후 시기의 집단지도는 그것을 뒷받침하 는 규정과 규범이 없으면 운영될 수 있다. 이 논문은 공산당 정치국 상무위원회와 정치국에 초점을 맞추어, 집단지도가 실제로 어떤 규칙에 따라 어떻게 구성되고 운영되는가를 살펴보려고 한다. 먼 저, 장쩌민 시기에 집단지도가 등장한 배경을 살펴본다. 다음으로, 집단지도의 원칙을 분석한다. 이 어서 정치국 상무위원회와 정치국의 업무 규칙과 실제 운영을 자세히 분석한다. 마지막으로 정치국 상무위원회와 정치국의 구성 규범과 실제 구성 사례를 분석한다.

청소년 태권도 시범단원들이 지각하는 코치의 서번트 리더십과 감정, 집단지성 간의 관계

정태겸(Jung, Tae-Gyeom),김나혜(Kim, Na-Hye) 한국체육과학회 2020 한국체육과학회지 Vol.29 No.6

The purpose of this study was to verify the relationship among coaches’ servant leadership, team members’ emotions, and collective intelligence Perceived by Taekwondo Demonstrators. Subject of study consists of youth who are active in a Taekwondo demonstration team painting in Seoul and Gyeonggi area. Total 300 questionnaires were distributed, although except 27 questionnaires, 273 questionnaires were collected. For data analysis PASW 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 were used for demographic analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis and structure equation modeling analysis. The results are as follow. First, First, the servant leadership of the leader perceived by the Taekwondo Demonstrators would have positive effect on emotion. Second, the emotions of the Taekwondo Demonstrators influenced collective intelligence. In detail, emotions were found to have a positive effect on cognitive exploration, cognitive collaboration, and collective integration. Third, the servant leadership of the leader perceived by the Taekwondo Demonstrators would have positive effect on collective intelligence. In detail, servant leadership was found to have a positive effect on cognitive exploration, cognitive collaboration, and collective integration. Therefore, in this study, it was significant in that they identified the structural relations in which collective intelligence is expressed by setting their interactions as the coach’s servant leadership and emotions required during the process of expressing the collective intelligence formed by the Taekwondo Demonstrators.

집합적 리더십이 창의적 행동에 미치는 영향

오호준(Ho-June Oh),신제구(Je-Goo Shin) 한국콘텐츠학회 2018 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.18 No.1

본 연구는 집합적 리더십(collective leadership)의 유효성을 검증하는데 그 목적이 있다. 구체적으로 집합적 리더십이 창의적 행동에 미치는 직접효과와 집합적 리더십과 창의적 행동간 조직기반 자긍심의 간접효과를 검증하고, 이러한 간접효과의 메커니즘이 심리적 안전감에 의해 조절되는 조건부 간접효과를 규명하고자 한다. 본 연구는 동일방법편의(common method bias) 문제점을 최소화하기 위해 직급과 함께 직무상황에서의 정서성(affectivity)을 통제변수로 사용하였다. 회수된 설문지 319부 중 부적절한 자료(univariate outliers) 10부를 제외한 309부가 분석에 사용되었다. 연구결과, 집합적 리더십은 구성원들의 창의적 행동에 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤고, 조직기반 자긍심은 집합적 리더십과 창의적 행동과의 관계에서 부분매개 역할을 하였다. 또한, 심리적 안전감의 조건부 간접효과는 ‘매우 낮음’, ‘낮음’, ‘중간’의 세 단계를 제외한 ‘높음’, ‘매우 높음’의 두 단계에서 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과가 함의하는 바는, 조직의 리더들이 집합적 리더십을 통해 구성원의 조직기반 자긍심과 창의적 행동을 촉진하는데 있어 심리적 안전감이 높아야 그 효과성이 커진다는 것이다. The goal of this study is to verify the effectiveness of collective leadership. Specifically, we examine the direct effect of collective leadership on creative behavior and how this relationship is affected indirectly by organization-based self-esteem. Further, we identify the conditional indirect effect psychological safety has in moderating this mechanism. To minimize the common method bias, job rank and the affectivity in work situations were set as control variables. After excluding ten univariate outliers from 319 responses that were collected, a total of 309 samples were used for analysis. Our findings showed that collective leadership has a positive effect on the creative behavior of organization members, and that organization-based self-esteem played the role as partial mediator in the relationship between collective leadership and creative behavior. Also, the conditional indirect effect of psychological safety was found to be significant in the ‘high’ and ‘very high’ percentile levels, but not in the ‘very low,’ ‘low,’ and ‘middle’ levels. Together, the findings imply that when leaders at organizations promote members’ organization-based self-esteem and creative behavior through collective leadership, it can be more effective when members feel high psychological safety in the organization.