2050 탄소중립 목표 실현을 위한 입법적 과제

채영근 인하대학교 법학연구소 2022 法學硏究 Vol.25 No.4

Korea is participating in the international community's response to climate change by joining the 1992 Convention on Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol in 1997, and the Paris Agreement in 2015. Although it was classified as a developing country under the Kyoto Protocol and did not bear the obligation to reduce carbon emissions, Korea announced a voluntary reduction plan in 2009 called ‘30% reduction based on BAU by 2020’. Carbon emissions in 2020 increased by more than 100 million tonnes compared to 2009 as a result of not taking practical follow-up measures to reduce. However, in 2013, the Lee Myung-bak administration announced a plan to license seven new large-scale privately funded coal-fired power plants. The ETS, which was introduced as a major means of reducing carbon emissions in 2015, turned out generous allocation of emission rights to companies. These government policies demonstrate lack of sincerity of its intention to reduce carbon emissions. Since most of Korea's carbon emissions come from energy consumption, carbon reduction policies can be achieved through energy conversion, reorganization of energy-consuming industrial structures, and suppression of energy demand in all areas of society. However adhering to a low energy price policy, Korea is going in the opposite direction to reducing carbon emissions. In 2020, the Moon Jae-in administration again jumped on the bandwagon of the international community’s active movement to respond to the climate crisis, and declared that it would achieve carbon neutrality, which means zero net carbon emissions by 2050, and enacted the Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality in 2021 to legalize the goal of carbon neutrality. And as a mid- to long-term goal to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, a 40% reduction in emissions compared to 2018 by 2030 was stipulated in the Enforcement Decree of the Act. The government has shown a stronger will than before by legislating the carbon neutral goal and intermediate goals in the legislation, but it is still criticized for not having any practical measures to achieve the goal. Rather than making practical and technical efforts to reduce carbon emissions, the Korean government has poured a lot of energy into only packaging slogans for “green growth.” Even if the Korean government’s policy itself is called ‘greenwashing’, what can be said? The Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality, which has been in effect since March 2022, covers a number of abstract policy measures to achieve carbon neutrality goals. The international community is responding in all directions in response to the climate crisis, and global companies are also accelerating the separation of growth and carbon for a sustainable economy. Traditional carbon-dependent businesses will increasingly lose ground. Large corporations in Korea, which have sensed the atmosphere of the times, are also making efforts to transform quickly. As Joseph Stieglitz said, “The problem is politics,” Korea is also becoming a situation where politics is holding back the economy. Politicians and the media are wasting precious time on political arguments rather than making efforts to draw a national consensus on the sharing of transition costs and serious discussions about the climate crisis. The climate crisis clock is now rapidly ticking down to six years. In this article, I first look at the current climate crisis situation and how the international community and global economic actors are moving in response to it, and argue that the implementation of the 2050 carbon neutral goal is not a matter of choice. In addition, the current status of carbon emissions in Korea, carbon policy, and the contents of the Carbon Neutral Framework Act are reviewed, and the Act is critically reviewed. Finally, practical policy measures and subsequent legislative directions needed to reduce carbon emissions are briefly presented. 우리나라는 1992년 기후변화협약, 1997년 교토의정서, 2015년 파리협정에 가입하는등 국제사회의 기후변화 대응에 참여는 하고 있으나, 온실가스 배출 저감을 위한 실천의지가 약하여 글로벌 기후위기의 주요 원인자가 되어가고 있다. 우리나라는 국제사회의적극적인 기후위기대응 움직임에 동참, 2050년까지 탄소 순배출량 제로를 의미하는 탄소중립을 달성하겠다는 선언을 하였고 2021년 탄소중립기본법을 제정하여 탄소중립 목표를 법률에 명문화하였다. 그리고 2050 탄소중립을 달성하기 위한 중장기목표로 2030 년까지 2018년 배출량대비 40% 감축을 동법시행령에 명문화하였다. 정부는 「탄소중립기본법」과 그 시행령에 탄소중립목표와 중간목표를 아예 법제화함으로써 종전보다 강한 의지를 보였으나, 정작 목표 달성을 위한 실질적인 조치는 없어 여전히 비판받고 있다. 우리나라의 탄소배출은 대부분 에너지소비에서 유래하는 바, 탄소저감 정책은 에너지전환, 에너지 다소비 산업구조의 개편, 사회전방위 에너지수요 억제를 통해 달성할 수 있을 것인데, 우리나라는 계속 경제에 미치는 영향을 이유로 낮은 에너지가격 정책을 고수하고있어 탄소배출 저감과 정반대 방향으로 가고 있다. 국제사회는 기후위기를 맞아 전방위적으로 대응하고 있고, 글로벌 기업들 역시 지속가능한 경제를 위해 성장과 탄소의 분리에 박차를 가하고 있다. 전통적인 탄소의존 사업들은 점점 더 설 자리가 없어지게 될 전망이다. 이러한 시대적 분위를 감지한 우리나라의 대기업들도 빠르게 변신을 위한 노력을 하고 있다. ‘문제는 정치야’라고 한 조지프 스티글리츠 말처럼, 우리나라 역시 정치가경제의 발목을 잡는 형국이 되어 가고 있다. 정치권과 언론은 기후위기에 대한 진지한토론과 전환비용 분담에 대한 국민적 합의도출을 위한 노력을 기울이기 보다는 정치공학적 이전투구에 아까운 시간을 허비하고 있다. 기후위기시계는 이제 6년으로 빠르게 줄어들고 있다. 이 글에서는 먼저 현재의 기후위기 상황과 이에 대한 국제사회 및 글로벌경제주체들이 어떻게 움직이고 있는지 살펴보고 2050 탄소중립 목표의 실천이 선택의문제가 아님을 논증한다. 그리고 우리나라의 탄소배출 현황과 탄소정책 및 탄소중립기본법의 주요 내용을 살펴보고 동법률에 대하여 비판적으로 검토한다. 마지막으로 탄소배출감축을 위해 필요한 실질적인 정책수단들과 후속 입법 방향을 간략히 제시하고자 한다.

저탄소 기술 계획 요소를 활용한 탄소 중립 단지 조성에 대한 연구

이명식(Lee, Myung-Sik),이강복(Lee, Kang-Bok) 대한건축학회 2011 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.27 No.10

As towns have a significant impact on Global Warming and Climate Change, we need to reduce carbon footprint of commercial and residential buildings. This can be done by creating "Low & Zero Carbon Energy Town". Low & Zero Carbon Energy Town means that, net carbon emissions from energy use in the building would be zero. This cannot be achieved by good low-energy design alone. Building energy demand has also to be met renewable energy supply. Therefore, this study aims to provide the foundational data for design for "Low & Zero Carbon Energy Town". For the propose, Planning Technical Factors of Low & Zero Carbon Energy Town was analyzed through the case study. In order to use the low carbon city/complex and design planning, the analysis of way to deduce and applicate the low carbon design elements from planning model city are followings. 1) The ways to applicate the eco-friendly land uses are the arrangement of the facilities by considering circulations, improve the accessibility by high density reclamation the position region, and aim to develop nature adapt by protect the existing topographic. 2) The transportation system of carbon low city is green transportation system by walking and using bicycles, revitalization and using public transportation and green transportation, and planning eco-friendly parking space by afforest the public parking space. 3) In energy reduction buildings, induction of passive house, green buildings, using nature energy such as nature lighting, and using building management system such as Smart Grid can minimize the energy consume. 4) Induction of new-renewable energy is using lights of sun and solar power generation, apply the cogeneration and geothermal power generation by using bundle system design to residence complex. 5) Nature circulation system is high ecology dimensions, using ratio of green nature ground, secure a source of energy by recycling energy, making water-friendly environment and biotope by rains, and establish a soil function restoration and water resource circulation system by water permeability.

탄소중립 실현을 위한 탄소배출권과 블루카본의 최근 연구동향분석: 네트워크 인터페이스 및 토픽모델링 분석을 중심으로

김두원,남진보,조용일,김진현 한국도서(섬)학회 2022 韓國島嶼硏究 Vol.34 No.4

The whole world has been making efforts to respond to climate change internationally since the 2015 Paris Agreement through carbon neutrality. Korea has also announced its ‘2050 Carbon Neutral Strategy’for transitioning to a low-carbon economy. Blue carbon-related technologies have emerged as pending issues in the ocean, it is time to make a systematic plan for scientific, technological, and policy management support. This study examined the flow of blue carbon and blue carbon credit research around the world over the past 20 years, focusing on academic research papers, and tried to derive social and policy implications of carbon trading from network analysis of research trends. As for the research method, network mapping analysis using VOSviewer and LDA topic analysis were performed on papers included in KCI and papers included in SPRINGER with Net-Miner's Biblio Data Collector. As a result, carbon credit research was actively conducted around 2016, and interest in carbon emission and reduction increased according to the Paris Agreement in 2019, and in 2022, plant materials, especially halophytes, mangroves, etc. A trend was found in the progress of the research. In addition, carbon credits show a wide range of connectivity to research on issues related to existing carbon, but the connectivity related to blue carbon is still low. Through the LDA topic analysis, it was found that research related to carbon credits has increased globally since 2010, but studies related to blue carbon have been actively conducted in the 2020s. According to the conclusion of this study, existing studies on carbon credits account for a large proportion, whereas studies on blue carbon and blue carbon credits are still insufficient as they are in their infancy. Therefore, blue carbon research in the future will shed light on the value of tidal flats and salt marshes through complex integrated research between disciplines, and through efficient use and preservation, blue carbon will need international agreement and certification as a new carbon sink. In future studies, additional research on qualitative analysis of blue carbon reduction using carbon credits, existing plant materials, and halophytes is needed. 전 세계가 탄소중립을 통하여 2015년 파리협약 이후 국제적으로 기후변화에 대응하기 위한 노력을 하고 있다. 우리나라도 저탄소 경제 전환을 위한 ‘2050 탄소 중립전략’을 발표한 바, 해양에서는 블루카본(Blue Carbon) 관련 기술이 현안으로 등장하면서 과학적, 기술적, 정책적 관리 지원의 체계적인 방안이 필요한 시점이다. 본 연구는 학술연구논문 중심으로 지난 20년간 전세계 블루카본 및 탄소배출권(Carbon Credit) 연구의 흐름을 살펴보고 연구동향에 대한 네트워크 분석을 통해 탄소거래의 사회적, 정책점 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 연구 방법은 VOSviewer를 이용한 네트워크 맵핑분석과 Net-Miner의 Biblio Data Collector로 KCI 수록 논문 및 SPRINGER수록 논문에 대하여 LDA 토픽 분석을 시행하였다. 그 결과 2016년을 전후하여 탄소배출권 연구가 활발히 진행되었고 2019년 파리협정에 따라 탄소배출 및 저감에 대한 관심이 증대되어 2022년에는 식물 소재 특히 염생식물 및 맹그로브 등을 통한 저감 및 기법, 관련 정책에 대한 연구들이 진행되는 동향을 발견할 수 있었다. 또한 탄소배출권은 기존의 탄소와 관련된 쟁점의 연구에 광범위한 연결성을 보이고 있으나 아직까지 블루카본와 관련된 연결성은 낮은 것으로 나타났다. LDA토픽 분석을 통해 2010년 이후 세계적으로 탄소 크레딧 관련 연구는 증가하였으나 블루카본 관련 연구는 2020년대에 들어 활발히 연구가 되고 있는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 또한 탄소배출권 관련 연구가 많이 된 상위 학술지의 KCI 주제 분야에서 알 수 있듯이 다양한 학문 분야가 융복합된 성향을 가지고 있어 학문 분야 간의 통합적인 연구의 특성을 보이고 있다. 본 연구의 결론을 통해서 기존 탄소 배출권 관련 연구가 많은 비중을 차지하고 있지만 반면 블루카본 및 블루카본 크레딧 관련 연구는 초기로서 아직까지 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 향후 블루카본 연구는 학문 분야 간 복합적인 통합 연구를 통해 갯벌 및 염습지의 가치를 재조명하고 효율적인 이용 및 보전을 통해 블루카본이 새로운 탄소흡수원으로서 국제적인 합의 및 인증이 필요한 것으로 보인다. 향후 연구에서는 탄소배출권과 기존의 식물 소재와 염생식물 등을 이용한 블루카본 탄소저감에 대한 정성적인 분석에 대한 추가 연구가 필요하다.

탄소중립과 제로에너지건축물의 활성화에 관한 법적 연구

김 명 엽 건국대학교 법학연구소 2023 일감부동산법학 Vol.- No.27

Carbon neutrality is defined as the concept of setting net carbon emissions to “zero” so that the level of total greenhouse gases in the air stops increasing. Starting from 2024, Korean government will make Zero Energy Building(ZEB) mandatory for new private buildings by GREEN BUILDINGS CONSTRUCTION SUPPORT ACT. ZEB refers to construction characterized by zero net energy consumption and zero carbon emissions calculated over a period of time. The government is attempting to increase eco-friendly buildings through mandatory ZEB certification, but critics point out the reality due to problems such as initial investment costs, increase in sales prices, and recovery period of investment costs. This paper provides legal improvememt of carbon neutrality and zero energy buildings for its incentive programs. The government is implementing incentive programs such as Exemption of acquisition tax of newly constructed building, Exemption of property tax of buildings, Deduction of land donation burden of housing construction projects and Building criteria alleviation concerning newly constructed building. In addition, the incentive system for revitalizing ZEB should be strengthened for building owners who use building materials through utilization of carbon dioxide. It is to strengthen the incentives for a stable policy environment and carbon neutrality.

2050 탄소중립을 위한 새로운 블루카본 후보군

권봉오(Bong-Oh Kwon),이종민(Jongmin Lee),송성준(Sung Joon Song),김종성(Jong Seong Khim) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2021 한국해양환경·에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.5

국립기상과학원에 의하면 우리나라의 연평균 기온은 최근 100년간 약 1.4℃ 상승하였고, 향후 지구온난화 경향은 더욱 가속화될 것으로 전망된다. “기후 변화에 관한 정부 간 협의체(IPCC, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)”는 2100년 지구 평균온도 상승폭 1. 5℃ 내 제한 목표를 위해, 2030년 글로벌 이산화탄소 배출량을 최소 45% 이상 감축(vs. 2010년) 및 2050년 탄소중립(Net-Zero) 달성을 제안하였다. 특히, 코로나19 발생 이후 EU, 미국, 일본 등 주요국들을 중심으로 탄소중립이 전 세계적인 관심사가 되었으며, 우리나라 또한 2020년 하반기에 2050 탄소중립을 선언하였다. 현재 IPCC 온실가스 인벤토리에 등재된 해양생태계의 탄소흡수원(블루카본)은 맹그로브, 염습지, 해초대로 한정적이며, 우리나라에서는 육상생태계의 탄소흡수원(그린카본)인 산림과 초지만 인정받고 있다. 그러나, 육상의 산림과 초지 외 우리나라 해양에서도 탄소흡수원인 염습지와 갯벌이 존재하며, 해당 서식지의 염생식물과 저서미세조류가 광합성을 통해 대기 중 CO₂를 저감하는 새로운 감축원으로 주목받고 있다. 국외의 경우 해조류, 패류, 대륙붕 퇴적물, 저서동물 등의 블루카본 잠재력에 대한 연구가 진행중이며, 국내에 도입 가능한 요소의 경우 연구개발을 통한 기본자료 확보가 매우 필요한 실정이다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 국내 블루카본의 잠재량을 파악하고, 추가적으로 우리나라 해양에 적용가능한 새로운 블루카본 후보군들을 모색하고자 한다. The average annual air temperature in Korea has risen by about 1.4℃ over the past 100 years, and the global warming trend is expected to accelerate further. “Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)” aims to limit the global average temperature increase of 1.5℃ in 2100, reducing global carbon dioxide emissions by at least 45% in 2030 (vs. 2010), and it proposed to achieve carbon neutrality (Net-Zero) in 2050. In particular, after the outbreak of Covid 19, carbon-neutral has become a hot topic worldwide, mainly in major countries such as the EU, the United States, and Japan, and Korea has also declared 2050 Net-Zero carbon. Currently, IPCC annually reports mangrove, salt marsh, and seagrass as blue carbon, but the Korean government only accept green carbon in the greenhouse gas inventory. Recently, halophytes and microphytobenthos have been highlighted as potential blue carbon by photosynthesis by capturing CO₂ from the atmosphere. In addition, recent studies repeatedly report new blue carbon candidates such as macroalgae, bivalve, shelf sea sediments, macrobenthos. Overall, this study attempts to identify the potential blue carbon, and search new blue carbon candidates in South Korea.

생물자원 이용을 통한 탄소중립 실현 관련 국제적 동향과 우리나라의 법정책적 대응방안

김두수 (사)한국국제경제법학회 2023 국제경제법연구 Vol.21 No.3

국제사회는 기후변화 대응을 위해 탄소중립의 실현을 위해 노력하고 있으며, 특히 과학기술을 적극적으로 활용하여 탄소중립에 기여하는 데에 큰 관심을 가지고 있다. 본문에서 살펴본 바와 같이 이러한 노력은 ‘파리협정’, EU의 ‘탄소중립산업법안’, 그리고 미국의 ‘바이오경제 발전을 위한 이니셔티브’ 행정명령 제14081호에서도 엿볼 수 있다. 이는 현재 기후변화대응을 위해서 각종 탄소중립 관련 과학기술의 활용이 중요하고, 생물자원 이용 등의 바이오 관련 탄소중립 기술의 중요성도 함께 증가하고 있다는 점을 보여주고 있다. 이에 본분에서 살펴본 바와 같이 우리나라는 탄소중립기본법상의 생물자원 이용 관련 규정의 이행이 필요하며, 생물다양성법상의 국가생물다양성센터의 실제적인 조직화가 필요하다. 그리고 부다페스트조약상의 특허미생물 기탁제도를 활용하여 특허미생물을 적극적으로 이용하거나 발굴한 특허미생물을 등록함으로써 탄소중립의 실현에 기여할 수 있을 것이다. 결국 이러한 국내외적 동향은 생물자원을 이용한 탄소중립의 기여에 있어서 상당한 의미를 부여할 수 있을 것이며, 향후 바이오 경제 부문이 탄소중립을 위한 중요한 역할을 할 수 있음을 보여준다. 이제 기후위기의 원인과 현상을 발견한 인류는 그 해결 방법을 찾아 실행하는 것이 중요한데, 생물자원을 이용한 탄소중립기술을 개발하여 활용함으로써 탄소중립의 실현에 기여해야 할 것이다. The international society is making efforts to realize carbon neutrality in response to climate change, and is particularly interested in contributing to carbon neutrality by actively utilizing science and technology. As discussed in the text, these efforts can be seen in the ‘Paris Agreement’, the EU’s ‘Net Zero Industry Act’, and the US’s ‘White House Initiative to Advance the Bioeconomy’. This shows that the use of various carbon-neutral science and technologies is important to respond to climate change, and the importance of bio-related carbon-neutral technologies such as the use of biological resources is also increasing. Accordingly, as seen in the text, Korea needs to implement the regulations related to the use of biological resources under the Carbon Neutral Framework Act and the actual organization of the National Biological Diversity Center under the Biodiversity Act. In addition, Korea will be able to contribute to the realization of carbon neutrality by actively using patented microorganisms or registering discovered patented microorganisms by utilizing the Deposit of Microorganisms system under the Budapest Treaty. Ultimately, these domestic and international trends can have great significance in contributing to carbon neutrality using biological resources, and show that the bioeconomy sector can play an important role for carbon neutrality in the future. Now that humanity has discovered the causes and phenomena of the climate crisis, it is important to find and implement solutions. By developing and utilizing carbon neutral technology using biological resources, we will be able to contribute to the realization of carbon neutrality.

A Study on Strategies of Public R&D to Achieve National Carbon Neutrality: Focusing on the Implications of the Republic of Korea

송재령,김철후 아시아기술혁신학회 2022 Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy Vol.11 No.1

Climate action is at the top of the agenda in the international community, as demonstrated at the 2021 G7 Summit and the 2021 UN Climate Summit. Major developed countries are scrambling to make a transition to a green economy and create a new growth momentum. Following the Paris Climate Agreement in 2016, they focus on "carbon neutrality" as an effective means of tackling climate change. The Republic of Korea, a high-carbon economy, submitted its second Nationally Determined Contribution and announced carbon neutrality as a top policy priority. Accordingly, the country increases government budget in research and development (R&D) and science and technology (S&T) policies. Against this backdrop, this study analyzed policies on carbon-neutral S&T and R&D in major advanced countries. The analysis was made by identifying globally pending issues in carbon-neutral policies and climate technology. In addition, focus group interviews were conducted six times with 10 experts to come up with three R&D strategies and action plans for government-funded research institutes to achieve carbon neutrality. To be specific, the following measures were suggested. First, creative and innovative R&D programs are required to solve the problem of carbon emissions. Second, it is necessary to establish carbon neutrality policies and infrastructure which are sustainable to run and manage. Third, it is crucial to promote cooperation in climate technology based on excellence. In conclusion, the strategies proposed in this study are expected to provide directions and implications for policymakers, researchers, and scholars in science and technology to develop effective strategies to achieve national carbon neutrality.

‘탄소중립’을 위해 과학교육은 무엇을 준비해야 하는가?: 초등학생을 대상으로

임성만,이광호,김성운 한국교원대학교 뇌기반교육연구소 2022 Brain, Digital, & Learning Vol.12 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate what needs to be prepared at the elementary school site to realize the carbon neutral policy of the Korean government, which declared 2050 carbon neutral. For the survey, 1,963 elementary school students nationwide participated in the survey. The data of elementary school students were collected evenly by grade level and region. As a result of analyzing the collected data first, elementary school students had a very small number of 410 students (20.9%) who had heard of carbon neutrality. Second, elementary school students experienced carbon neutrality through various channels, and it was surveyed that they experienced the most through ‘school classes’. Third, as for terms related to carbon neutrality, it was found that the term for global warming was more easily understood than the term carbon neutrality. Fourth, as a result of investigating the understanding of carbon neutrality, we came to the conclusion that it is not ‘easy to understand’ for elementary school students. In addition, it was confirmed that the level of comprehension increased as the grade level increased. Fifth, as a result of examining the understanding of how to practice carbon neutrality, it was concluded that elementary school students understood better than ‘content’ and did not have any difficulties in understanding. In addition, these results confirmed that the level of understanding increases as the grade level increases. These results are expected to provide a lot of help in setting the direction of overall carbon-neutral education in the future.

Development of Energy Mix Simulation Model for 2050 Net-Zero Carbon

Pilhyeon Ju,Sungyeol Choi,Jongho Lee 한국방사성폐기물학회 2022 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.20 No.2

The crisis of climate change aroused international needs to reduce the greenhouse gas emission in energy sector. Government of South Korea formulated an agenda of carbon neutrality through announcing 2050 Net-Zero Carbon Scenario A and B in October 2021. As the power supply from renewable energy increases, it becomes a core element to take into account the daily intermittency of renewable energy in analyzing the upcoming energy plans. However, the existing yearly Load Duration Curve is insufficient for applying day and night power change in daily scale into energy mix analysis, since it derives the energy mix for whole year on the basis of classifying annual base load and peak load. Therefore, a new energy mix simulation model based on the daily power load and supply simulation is needed for the future energy analysis. In this study we developed a new model which simulates the average power supply and demand daily (over a 24 hour period) for each season. The model calculates the excess and shortage power during day and night by integrating each energy’s daily power pattern. The 2050 Net-Zero Carbon Scenario A was used for the model verification, during which the same amounts of power production from each energy source were applied: nuclear, renewable, carbon-free gas turbine, fuel cell and byproduct gas. Total power demand pattern and renewable energy production pattern were drawn from the data of 2017 power production, and Pumped-storage Hydroelectricity and Energy Storage System were used as day-to-night conversion. Detailed assumptions for each energy were based on the Basis of Calculation for Net-Zero Carbon Scenario from Government. The model was verified with three cases which were divided depending on the method of hydrogen production and whether the Curtailment and Conversion Loss (CCL) of renewable energy were considered or not. Case 1 assumed production of hydrogen occurred for 24 hours while not considering CCL, had 0% relative error in comparison of total annual power production, and case 2, considering CCL, had a 1.741% relative error. Case 3 assumed production of hydrogen occurred only during daytime with excess power and CCL consideration, yielded 0.493% relative error in total amount of hydrogen production, confirming that the model sufficiently describes the Government’s Scenario A with the input of total power production. This model is expected to be used for analyzing further energy mix with different ratios of each energy source, with special focus on nuclear and renewable energy sources.

탄소중립단지의 계획요소기술에 관한 연구

이강복(Lee Kang-Bok),이명식(Lee Myung-Sik) 대한건축학회 2009 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.29 No.1(계획계)

As towns have a significant impact on Global Warming and Climate Change, we need to reduce carbon footprint of commercial and residential buildings. This can be done by creating 'Low & Zero Carbon Energy Town'. Low & Zero Carbon Energy Town means that net carbon emissions from energy use in the building would be zero. This cannot be achieved by good low-energy design alone. Building energy demand has also to be met renewable energy supply. Therefore, this study aims to provide the foundational data for design for 'Low & Zero Carbon Energy Town'. For the propose, Planning Technical Factors of Low & Zero Carbon Energy Town was analyzed through the case study.