Root Rot of Balloon Flower (Platycodon grandiflorum) Caused by Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum

전치성,고영진,김경희,손경인,허재선,전권석,윤준혁 한국식물병리학회 2013 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.29 No.4

Balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum) is a kind of mountain herbs whose roots have restorative properties and the cultivating acreage of balloon flower has been steadily increasing in Korea. More frequent rain and high amount of rainfalls as a result of climate changes predisposed balloon flower to the outbreaks of root rot at high-density cultivation area in recent years. Root crowns were usually discolored into brown to blackish brown at first and the infected plants showed slight wilting symptom at early infection stage. Severely infected roots were entirely rotted and whole plants eventually died at late infection stage. The overall disease severities of root rot of balloon flower were quite variable according to the surveyed fields in Jeonnam, Gyeongnam and Jeju Provinces, which ranged from 0.1% to 40%. The root rot occurred more severely at the paddy or clay soils than the sandy soils and their severities were much higher at lowland than upland in the same localty. The disease increased with aging of the balloon flower. The causal fungi were identified as Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum on the basis of their mycological characteristics. The optimum temperature ranges of their mycelial growths was found to be 24oC. The pathogenic characters of F. solani and F. oxysporum treated by artificial wounding inoculation on healthy roots of balloon flower revealed that F. solani was more virulent than F. oxysporum. This study identified the causal agents of root rot of balloon flower as Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum, probably for the first time.

Root Rot of Balloon Flower (Platycodon grandiflorum) Caused by Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum

Jeon, Chi Sung,Kim, Gyoung Hee,Son, Kyeong In,Hur, Jae-Seoun,Jeon, Kwon-Seok,Yoon, Jun-Hyuck,Koh, Young Jin The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2013 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.29 No.4

Balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum) is a kind of mountain herbs whose roots have restorative properties and the cultivating acreage of balloon flower has been steadily increasing in Korea. More frequent rain and high amount of rainfalls as a result of climate changes predisposed balloon flower to the outbreaks of root rot at high-density cultivation area in recent years. Root crowns were usually discolored into brown to blackish brown at first and the infected plants showed slight wilting symptom at early infection stage. Severely infected roots were entirely rotted and whole plants eventually died at late infection stage. The overall disease severities of root rot of balloon flower were quite variable according to the surveyed fields in Jeonnam, Gyeongnam and Jeju Provinces, which ranged from 0.1% to 40%. The root rot occurred more severely at the paddy or clay soils than the sandy soils and their severities were much higher at lowland than upland in the same localty. The disease increased with aging of the balloon flower. The causal fungi were identified as Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum on the basis of their mycological characteristics. The optimum temperature ranges of their mycelial growths was found to be $24^{\circ}C$. The pathogenic characters of F. solani and F. oxysporum treated by artificial wounding inoculation on healthy roots of balloon flower revealed that F. solani was more virulent than F. oxysporum. This study identified the causal agents of root rot of balloon flower as Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum, probably for the first time.

Extract of Balloon-flower Inhibited In Vitro Angiogenesis in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Eui-Yeun Yi(이의연),Yung-Jin Kim(김영진) 한국생명과학회 2017 생명과학회지 Vol.27 No.9

혈관신생과정은 종양 형성과 이동에 필수적인 과정으로 촉진제와 저해제에 의하여 조절되며, 이러한 혈관신생과정의 저해는 새로운 항암치료 기법으로 이용하고 있다. 최근, 한약재와 식료품으로부터 추출한 천연물을 새로운 치료 물질로 널리 이용하고 있으며, 실제 in vitro 뿐만 아니라 in vivo 상에서도 항암 효과가 나타나는 것을 확인하였다. 그 중 도라지는 아시아에서 한약재와 식료품으로 오랫동안 사용 되어왔다. 본 연구에서는 도라지 추출물이 in vitro 상에서 인간 제대 정맥 내피 세포의 혈관신생을 억제하는 효과에 대해 조사하였다. 도라지 추출물은 세포독성 없이, 혈관 형성 및 이동, 침윤 현상을 모두 억제하는 효과를 보였다. 특히, 세포 이동은 80% 정도 감소 시켰으며 침윤 현상이 거의 나타나지 않는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 도라지 추출물은 혈관신생 억제제로 이용할 수 있으며, 더 나아가 항암제로 개발될 수 있을 것이라 사료된다. Angiogenesis is an essential step in tumoral growth and metastasis and is regulated by a balance between stimulators and inhibitors. Recently, antiangiogenic target therapy has shown promise as a new type of chemotherapy. Natural products have attracted widespread attention worldwide as a useful source of novel therapeutic compounds. The balloon-flower has long been used as a traditional medicinal material and food in Asia. In this study, we investigated whether extract of balloon-flower would inhibit in vitro angiogenesis and vascular-like network formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The extract of Balloon-flower did not affect the viability of HUVECs. However, treatment with the Balloon-flower extract suppressed tube formation of HUVECs. In addition, after treatment with the Balloon-flower extract, cell migration decreased about 80%, and cell invasion was almost completely inhibited. Taken together, these results suggest that extract of Balloon-flower may have potential as an angiogenic inhibitor and that it could be developed as an anticancer agent.

도라지에서의 RAPD 마커 분석과 Actin 유전자 염기서열에서 유래한 CAPS 분자표지 개발

김문휘,정은아,정정수,권순태,전익조,정정학,이제민,염인화 한국자원식물학회 2015 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.28 No.5

Balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC.) is a perennial plant of mainly Campanulaceae family, which have been widely used as a food ingredient and herbal medicine in East Asia. Although demands on related products and yearly cultivation area for balloon flower are increasing, diverse fundamental technologies and molecular breeding studies are not very well supported in Platycodons. In this study, 30 random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers were test in an attempt to explore genetic diversities. In addition, sequences information of the actin gene, a well conserved gene encoding a globular protein that forms microfilaments, was retrieved and analyzed. Two actin homologs were recovered; 3.4 kb fragment is a Pg-actin and 1.4 kb fragment is a Pg-actin homolog with 28.6% similarity. We have confirmed that the Pg-actin gene is configured into 4 exons and 3 introns. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), G↔A, was detected on the intron 3, which served as a target for the CAPS marker development. The marker Pg-Actin-Int3 was applied to 32 balloon flower accessions. Balloon flower DNA sequence information generated in this study is expected to contribute to the analysis and molecular breeding and genetic diversity analysis of balloon flowers. 본 연구에서는 도라지의 품종 구분 및 유전적 다양성 분석에활용될 수 있는 분자표지 개발을 위하여 RAPD 마커를 활용하여분석하였으며, 동시에 actin 유전자 염기서열에서 유래한 분자표지를 제작하였다. 총 30개의 RAPD 분자표지를 활용한 분석을 진행하였으나, 재현성과 안정성이 확보된 DNA 상의 다형성은 확보할 수 없었다. 이에, 도라지 actin (Pg-actin) 유전자에존재하는 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)을 이용하여품종 간 구분에 활용 가능한 분자마커로의 전환을 탐색하였다. 도라지 genomic DNA에 actin 유래 유전자를 사용하여 2개의actin homologs를 확보하였으며, 이를 염기서열 분석하여 3.4 kb의 Pg-actin fragment와 Pg-actin과 28.6%의 유사도를 가진 1.4 kb의 actin homologue를 획득하였다. 획득된 Pg-actin 은 4개의 exon과 3개의 intron으로 구성된 유전자로, DNA 다형성 탐색을 통해 intron 3의 286 bp 위치에서 SNP (G ↔ A)를 발견하였으며, 이를 활용도 높은 CAPS marker로 전환하여 Pg- Actin-Int3 마커를 개발하였다. Pg-Actin-Int3 마커를 32개의 도라지 유전자원에 적용시켜 본 결과 품종 간의 차이를 보이는 부분이 확인되었다. 본 연구에서 확보된 도라지 DNA 염기서열정보는 도라지의 유전적 다양성 분석 및 도라지 분자육종에활용될 수 있을 것이라 전망된다.

Calcium Channel-blocking Activity of Chinese Balloon Flower (Platycodon grandiflorum) for Producing Blood Pressure-lowering Functional Foods

Yoon-Seok Kang,Kwon-Pyo Hong,Dong-Chae Jung,Sungwon Hong,Jun-Ho Lee,Seung-Yeal Nah,Yoongho Lim,Dong-Ho Bae 한국식품과학회 2008 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.17 No.1

This study was conducted to evaluate the hypotensive properties of the extract of Chinese balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum)’s root. In the studies for calcium channel-blocking using Xenopus oocytes, the ethanol-extract (26.2±5.2%) showed higher activity than water-extract. Twenty female rats were fed 25, 35, and 45 mg/kg BW/day of the ethanol-extract for 14 days to observe the changes in blood pressures and heart pulses. Ethanol-extract decreased the systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures of the rats. Especially, the rats fed with 45 mg/kg BW/day of the ethanol-extract showed significant decreases in the blood pressures. These results suggested that a decrease in blood pressures was due to the extension of a blood vessel with calcium channel-blocking by ethanol-extract of Chinese balloon flower. Forty %-ethanol showed the highest efficiency for ethanol-extraction of Chinese balloon flower.

특허분석을 통한 도라지의 기술 동향 연구

김창국,이동준,배선화,오재현 한국국제농업개발학회 2017 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.29 No.3

The balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum) has been used as food material and traditional medicine in Asia. Using 1,603 valid patents from 6 countries, we analyzed the patent trend based on year, countries, applicants, and technology. The technologies are categorized into 6 groups which include material, additives, manufacture, cultivation, breeding and seed. The technology competitiveness of countries were analyzed with quantitative factors such as cites per patent, patent impact index, patent family size and technology strength. In comparison with other countries in the patent index, South Korea shows an increasing trend in patent numbers and total leverage ability, although the individual technology is lower than Japan and USA. Our study provides information on technical trend to support the performance of new projects on balloon flower.

경남지역 주요 약용작물의 해충 종류 조사

신현열,이동운,추호렬,정도철 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2002 농업생명과학연구 Vol.36 No.4

경남지역 주요 약용 작물 5종에 발생하는 해충과 기타 해로운 동물의 종류를 1999년과 2000년 2개년 동안 조사하였다. 홍화에서는 우엉수염진딧물과 꽃노랑총채벌레, 대만총채벌레, 오이총채벌레, 알락수염노린재를 포함한 13과 16속 20종이 확인되었으며, 산약에서는 꽃노랑총채벌레, 대만총채벌레, 애긴노린재를 포함한 6과 7속 10종이, 두충에서는 차주머니나방을 포함하여 6과 8속 8종이, 당귀에서는 대만총채벌레, 꽃노랑총채벌레, 차응애, 점박이응애, 복숭아혹진딧물을 포함한 11과 15속 16종이, 길경에서는 담배거세미나방, 파밤나방을 포함하여 10과 11속 14종의 해충이 확인되었다. Insect pests and some important arthropod pests infesting five medicinal crops were surveyed in Gyeongnam province in 1999 and 2000. Nineteen species of 16 genera in 12 families including Vroleucon gobonis, Frankliniella occidentalis, F. intonsa, Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Thrips parmi, and Dolycoris baccarum were identified from safflower. Ten species of 7 genera in 6 families including F. occidentalis, F. intonsa, and Nysius plebejus from yam, 8 species of 8 genera in 6 families including Eumeta minuscula from hardy rubber-tree, 16 species of 14 genera in 11 families including F. occidentalis, F. intonsa, T. kanzawai, T. urticae and Myzus persicae from Angelica gigas, 15 species of 14 genera in 11 families including Spodoptera exigua, and S. litura from balloon flower.

천연 무즙과 도라지즙의 직물 세척 적용가능성 연구

이누리 ( Nu Ri Lee ),홍창용 ( Chang Yong Hong ),김성은 ( Seong Eun Kim ),정용재 ( Yong Jae Chung ) 공주대학교 문화재보존과학연구소 2020 문화재과학기술 Vol.15 No.1

과거 문헌에서 직물 세척제로 기록된 다양한 천연재료 중 무즙과 도라지즙을 대상으로 세척성과 안정성을 확인하였다. 세척제로 무즙, 도라지즙, SDS, 증류수를 선정하였고, 직물 시편으로 면포, 곰팡이 오염포, 습식인공오염포를 선정하였다. 세척성 평가는 실체현미경 관찰, 색도 측정, 오염제거율 측정을 실시하였고, 안정성 평가는 면포와 오염포를 대상으로 실체현미경 관찰, 색도 측정, 직물pH를 측정하였다. 세척성 평가 결과, 무즙과 도라지즙은 일반 오염보다 곰팡이 오염 세척에 효과적임을 알 수 있었으며, 무즙이 도라지즙보다 세척성이 높았다. 안정성 평가 결과, 무즙과 도라지즙은 섬유 손상이 확인되지 않았으며, 무즙은 pH 측정 결과 중성으로 나타났다. 따라서 무즙이 면직물세척제로써 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. The purpose of this study is to prove the textile detergency and stability of radish juice and balloon flower root juice among the various natural meterials recorded as textile cleaning agents in historical record. Radish juice, balloon flower root juice, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and distilled water were selected as textile cleaning agents, and fungal soiled fabric and artificially soiled fabric were selected as fabric specimens. Detergency evaluation was performed by stereo-microscope observation, chromaticity measurement, and soil removal measurement. And the stability evaluation was conducted stereo-microscope observation, chromaticity measurement, and fabric pH measurement for the unsoiled and soiled fabric. As a result of detergency evaluation, radish juice and balloon flower root juice were more effective in cleaning fungal contamination than general contamination, and radish juice showed higher detergency than balloon flower root juice. As a result of stability evaluation, radish juice and balloon flower root juice did not show any fabric damage, and pH of fabric cleaned with radish juice appeared neutral. Therefore, radish juice can be used as a cotton fabric cleaning agent.

장백도라지의 대량 증식을 위한 조직배양 및 순화 조건 확립

한은희,이신우,손용완,김만배,신용욱,조영손 한국식물생명공학회 2014 식물생명공학회지 Vol.41 No.3

The aim of this study was to establish the conditionof regeneration for white balloon flower (Platycodongrandiflorum DC. cv. Jangback) and to manage for theraising of seedling with in vitro regenerated plants. It wasexamined that 0.5 mg/L of NAA and 1.0 mg/L of BA was thebest composition for the callus and shoot induction (up to600%). NAA was better than IBA for the induction of rootand it took 16.9 days for the induction of rooting on the MSsoild media containing 0.5 mg/L of NAA and the final rootingratio was up to 75%. Out of 5 different bed soils purchasedfrom local market, “Tosil” was identified to be the best forthe acclimation and growth of in vitro regenerated balloonflower. In detail, on 8 weeks after planting of in vitroregenerated plants in pots containing “Tosil” bed soils, theplant hight was increased up to 2-fold (12.8 cm), 3.5-fold(27) for the number of leaf and 1.5-fold (4.5 cm) for the leaflength when compared to the other four bed soils, respectively. Our preliminary results indicate that it is possible to preventthe occurrence of blue balloon flower in the massivecultivated area of white balloon flower by providing theseedlings raised from in vitro regenerated plants.

Development of a Specific SNP Marker to Identify the Medicinal Plants P. grandiflorum

Ju Hwan Kim,Yun Hee Kim 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2024 농업생명과학연구 Vol.58 No.2

The balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC.) is a medicinal and perennial flowering plant. Jangback is an important white-flower type balloon flower cultivar registered in South Korea, but no molecular marker was available to differentiate it from other white-flower lines. Therefore, we evaluated five P. grandiflorum white-flower lines and identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) derived from the chloroplast TrnL-F genomic sequence that specifically differentiated Jangback from the other four genotypes. Cultivar identification was achieved by detecting allelic variations of the SNP using amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) analysis and high resolution melting (HRM) curve analysis. The present study describes a rapid and reliable method to authenticate the medicinally and economically valuable white-flower Jangback cultivar. Our results indicate that the plastid TrnL-F region provides for marker assisted identification and selection in intraspecific polymorphism studies, thereby the identified SNP marker provides a robust tool along with ARMS-PCR and HRM curve analysis for rapid and efficient identification of the medicinally valuable Jangback cultivar.