국 또는 개량 누룩으로 제조한 술덧을 감압 또는 상압으로 증류한 소주의 휘발성 성분

이해창(Hae Chang Yi),문세희(Sae Hee Moon),박준성(Jun Sung Park),정지원(Jee Won Jung),황금택(Keum Taek Hwang) 한국식품영양과학회 2010 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.39 No.6

본 연구는 국 또는 개량 누룩을 사용하여 제조한 술덧을 감압 또는 상압에서 증류하여 제조한 증류식 소주의 휘발성 성분을 분석하여 적절한 술덧 제조 원료와 증류방법을 검토하기 위함이다. Acetaldehyde는 상압 증류하였을 때에 감압 증류하였을 때보다 그 함량이 2~3배 많았다. Furfural은 상압 증류법으로 제조한 소주에서만 검출되었다. Ester류는 전체적으로 감압 증류하였을 때에 상압 증류하였을 때보다 더 많이 검출되었으며, 특히 ethyl pelargonate는 상압 증류하였을 때에 감압 증류하였을 때보다 2배 이상 높았다. 대부분의 alcohol류는 감압 증류하였을 때에 상압 증류하였을 때보다 약간 더 많았으며, methanol은 국을 사용한 경우보다 개량 누룩을 사용한 경우 더 많이 검출되었다. 고급 알코올류인 isoamyl alcohol과 2-phenyl ethanol만이 증류 방법에 의한 차이가 있었다. 특히 2-phenyl ethanol은 상압 증류하였을 때에 감압 증류하였을 때보다 2배 이상 많이 검출되었다. Methanol은 국을 사용한 술덧이 개량 누룩을 사용한 술덧에 비해 적게 검출되었다. 본 연구 결과 소주에 부정적 영향을 미치는 휘발성 성분을 줄이기 위해서는 국을 사용한 술덧을 감압 증류함으로써 증류식 소주의 품질을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. In this study, volatile compounds in liquor distilled from mash produced using koji or nuruk under reduced or atmospheric pressure were analyzed and eventually, the proper starter material and distillation method was selected. Acetaldehyde was detected two or three times more in the liquor distilled under the atmospheric pressure than under the reduced pressure. Furfural was only detected in the liquor distilled under the atmospheric pressure. Esters were detected more in the liquor distilled under the atmospheric pressure than the reduced pressure. Ethyl pelargonate and 2-phenyl ethanol were particularly detected two times more in the liquor distilled under the atmospheric pressure than the reduced pressure. Methanol was detected two times more in the liquor made with nuruk than that with koji. These results suggest that the liquor distilled from the mash produced using koji under the reduced pressure may have the better quality.

대기압/진공 조건의 트라이보 시험기를 이용한 박막 코팅의 마찰/마모 특성 비교

김해진,김대은,김창래 한국트라이볼로지학회 2019 한국트라이볼로지학회지 (Tribol. Lubr.) Vol.35 No.6

In various industries, thin film coatings are used to improve friction and wear characteristics. Various types of tribotesters are used to evaluate the friction and wear characteristics of such thin film coatings. In this study, we fabricated a micro-tribotester and Tribo-scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to compare the friction and wear characteristics of copper (Cu) coatings under an atmospheric pressure and a vacuum condition, respectively. The reliability of the different types of tribotesters was evaluated by performing calibrations for the sensor to measure the friction forces and normal loads. Using the two different types of devices, the friction and wear tests are conducted at the same experimental conditions excluding environment conditions such as the atmospheric pressure and vacuum condition. The friction coefficient at the vacuum condition is lower than at the atmospheric pressure. This difference in friction characteristics is due to the fact that wear phenomena occur differently according to the atmospheric pressure and vacuum condition. At the atmospheric pressure, the abrasive wear is the main wear mechanism. At the vacuum condition, the adhesive wear is the main wear mechanism. The reason for the difference in the wear mechanism of the Cu coating at the atmospheric pressure and the vacuum condition is that the oxidation phenomenon, which does not appear at the vacuum condition, occurs at the atmospheric pressure; therefore, the characteristics of the Cu coating change accordingly.

A Global Model for the Identification of the Dominant Reactions for Atomic Oxygen in He/O₂ Atmospheric-Pressure Plasmas

Park, Gan Young,Hong, Yong Jun,Lee, Hyun Woo,Sim, Jae Yoon,Lee, Jae Koo WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 Plasma Processes and Polymers Vol.7 No.3

<P>Atmospheric pressure plasmas have attracted great interests and been widely used in biomedical applications such as sterilization, coagulation, wound healing, and cancer cells treatment. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in atmospheric pressure plasmas have been believed to play a crucial role in these biomedical applications. The experimental measurement of the atomic oxygen density showed that the highest density was measured at an admixture of 0.5% of O<SUB>2</SUB>. The similar trend of the atomic oxygen density varying the concentration of O<SUB>2</SUB> was reproduced through a global model of He/O<SUB>2</SUB> in atmospheric pressure plasmas. The evolution of the dominant production and loss reactions for the atomic oxygen was analyzed. With increase in the concentration of O<SUB>2</SUB>, the atomic oxygen was produced mainly by the dissociation of O<SUB>2</SUB> and lost through the recombinations with themselves and oxygen molecules.</P><P> <img src='wiley_img_2010/16128850-2010-7-3-4-PPAP200900084-gra001.gif' alt='wiley_img_2010/16128850-2010-7-3-4-PPAP200900084-gra001'> </P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Atmospheric pressure plasmas have been widely used in biomedical applications such as sterilization, coagulation, wound healing, and inducing apoptosis of cancer cells due to their great reactivity, a low temperature property, and no needs for the expensive and complex vacuum system. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in atmospheric pressure plasmas have been believed to play a crucial role in these biomedical applications. Similar trend to an experimental measurement of the atomic oxygen density was observed through the global model while varying the concentration of O<SUB>2</SUB>. The evolution of the dominant production and loss reactions for the atomic oxygen was analyzed. <img src='wiley_img_2010/16128850-2010-7-3-4-PPAP200900084-content.gif' alt='wiley_img_2010/16128850-2010-7-3-4-PPAP200900084-content'> </P>

A spectroscopic study of the effect of humidity on the atmospheric pressure helium plasma jets

Elsevier 2018 CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Vol.18 No.11

<P>Atmospheric-pressure plasma has a great potential in many applications due to its simplicity rather than low pressure plasmas. In material processing, biomedical applications, and many other applications, the input power, gas flow rate, and the geometry of electrode have been mainly considered and studied as important external parameters of atmospheric-pressure plasma control. Besides, since the atmospheric-pressure plasmas are typically generated in an open air, the relative humidity is difficult to control and can change day by day. Therefore, the relative humidity cannot be ignored for plasmas. Thus, in this work, the atmospheric-pressure plasma jet was characterized by changing relative humidity, and it was found that the increase in electron density and OH radicals are due to Penning ionization between helium metastable and water vapors at higher humidity condition.</P>

A spectroscopic study of the effect of humidity on the atmospheric pressure helium plasma jets

한덕선 한국물리학회 2018 Current Applied Physics Vol.18 No.11

Atmospheric-pressure plasma has a great potential in many applications due to its simplicity rather than low pressure plasmas. In material processing, biomedical applications, and many other applications, the input power, gas flow rate, and the geometry of electrode have been mainly considered and studied as important external parameters of atmospheric-pressure plasma control. Besides, since the atmospheric-pressure plasmas are typically generated in an open air, the relative humidity is difficult to control and can change day by day. Therefore, the relative humidity cannot be ignored for plasmas. Thus, in this work, the atmospheric-pressure plasma jet was characterized by changing relative humidity, and it was found that the increase in electron density and OH radicals are due to Penning ionization between helium metastable and water vapors at higher humidity condition.

가스 누출 감지를 위한 저전력 자동 ON/OFF 밸브 시스템 개발에 관한 연구

최영규(Young Gyu Choi) 한국정보전자통신기술학회 2021 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지 Vol.14 No.5

최근에 건설되는 아파트는 주방이 빌트인 방식으로 만들어지므로 가스 호스가 싱크대 내부에 보이지 않게 만들어지므로 가스가 누출될 경우 싱크대 내부에 축적되어 가스 폭발로 이어질 수 있는 위험한 방식이다. 본 연구에서는 가스레인지와 중간밸브 사이에 연결된 호스가 싱크대 내부에 있어 가스 누출 검사를 할 수 없는 구조로 되어 있어 압력센서를 이용하여 가스누출을 검사를 쉽게 할 수 있는 밸브 시스템 연구하였다. 압력 측정 방법은 중간밸브와 가스레인지를 연결하는 호스의 압력을 측정하여 I2C통신 방식으로 데이터를 수집·분석 할 수 있도록 진행하였다. 또한 가정에 공급되는 가스압력계산은 대기압력에 가스계량기의 입구에서 가스게이지 압력 평균값 22.46mbar를 더 한 값으로 계산된 것에 대한 대기 압력 오차에 대한 규명 및 미세한 가스 누출 감지를 할 수 있도록 밸브 시스템을 개발하였다. Apartment recently built in kitchen is made is made because the gas hose with built-in ways invisible inside the sink. In this case, if the gas leaks, it is a dangerous method that can accumulate inside the sink and lead to an explosion. In this study, since the hose connected between the gas range and the intermediate valve is inside the sink, it is not possible to test for gas leaks, so a valve system that can easily check for gas leaks using a pressure sensor was studied. As for the pressure measurement method, the pressure of the hose connecting the intermediate valve and the gas range was measured so that data could be collected and analyzed using the I2C communication method. In addition, the calculation of the gas pressure supplied to the home was investigated for the atmospheric pressure error for the value calculated by adding the average value of the gas gauge pressure of 22.46 mbar at the inlet of the gas meter to the atmospheric pressure. A valve system was developed to detect minute gas leaks.

과학 교과서에서 기압과 대기압에 대한 설명 방식의 차이점 분석

백성혜(Seong Hey Paik),송주현(Ju Hyun Song) 한국과학교육학회 2002 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.22 No.2

In this study, we analyzed differences of explanation on gas pressure and atmospheric pressure in elementary and secondary school science textbooks and general chemistry and general earth science textbooks based on three types of explanation criteria: first, explanation of mass; second, explanation of air pressure on unit area; third, explanation of molecular motion. The results were as follows. Elementary science textbook belonged to the first type. All of the secondary school chemistry textbooks belonged to the third type. But most of the general chemistry textbooks belonged to the first and second type. Most of the earth science textbooks for secondary school and most of the general earth science textbooks belonged to the first type. Therefore, the differences of explanation could disturb students` understanding on gas pressure and atmospheric pressure.

포화수증기압 개념에 대한 예비 과학 교사들의 이해

정진우,박세진,김윤지 韓國敎員大學校 敎育硏究院 2009 敎員敎育 Vol.25 No.4

본 연구는 예비과학교사들이 포화수증기압 개념을 설명하는 과정에서 나타나는 이해를 밝히고자 하였다. 과학교육을 전공하는 여섯 명의 예비과학교사들을 대상으로 포화수증기압에 대한 설명을 요구하는 반구조화된 면담이 이루어졌다. 전사된 면담 내용과 비디오자료, 그리고 설명 과정에서 그려진 스케치 자료를 분석하여 참여자의 이해를 구조화하였다. 연구 결과, 예비과학교사가 대기 중의 물 개념을 설명하는 과정에서 다양한 이해가 표출되었다. 포화수증기압에 대한 이해로 분자운동론적 설명, 대기의 영향을 고려한 분자운동론적 설명, 기화압력을 이용한 설명, 확산 개념을 이용한 설명, 수증기의 공간을 한정시키는 설명이 나타났다. 예비과학교사들은 포화수증기압 개념에 대해 다양한 대안 개념을 가지고 있으며, 물의 상태 변화에 대한 분자운동론적 이해와 포화수증기압 개념을 통한 이해가 서로 연결되지 못하고 있음을 보여주었다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the understandings that represent that, in this course, the preservice science teachers have explained the concept of saturation vapor pressure. To do so, semi-structured interviews that requested students to explain saturation vapor pressure to six preservice science teachers were carried out. The preservice science teachers' understanding of the material was constructed by analyzing transcribed protocols, video tapes, and sketches that were drawn during the explanation. As a result of the research, a variety of understandings was discovered when the preservice science teachers explained the concept of atmospheric water. Understandings about saturation vapor pressure include the idea of molecular motion; the molecular motion model is considered to influence atmospheric pressure, the evaporation pressure model, the diffusion model and the limited space model. Preservice science teachers had alternative conceptions of saturation vapor pressure. The understanding of saturation vapor pressure and the understanding of the molecular motion model describing the change of water state are not connected.

감압대기 및 불활성가스 분위기에서 적합한 정전기 제거장치의 개발

이동훈 ( Dong Hoon Lee ),정필훈 ( Phil Hoon Jeong ),이수환 ( Su Hwan Lee ),김상효 ( Sang Hyo Kim ) 한국안전학회(구 한국산업안전학회) 2016 한국안전학회지 Vol.31 No.3

In LCD Display or semiconductor manufacturing processes, the anti-static technology of glass substrates and wafers becomes one of the most difficult issues which influence the yield of the semiconductor manufacturing. In order to overcome the problems of wafer surface contamination various issues such as ionization in decompressed vacuum and inactive gas(i.e. N2 gas, Ar gas, etc.) environment should be considered. Soft X ray radiation is adequate in air and O2 gas at atmospheric pressure while UV radiation is effective in N2 gas Ar gas and at reduced pressure. At this point of view, the “vacuum ultraviolet ray ionization” is one of the most suitable methods for static elimination. The vacuum ultraviolet can be categorized according to a short wavelength whose value is from 100 ㎚ to 200 ㎚. this is also called as an Extreme Ultraviolet. Most of these vacuum ultraviolet is absorbed in various substances including the air in the atmosphere. It is absorbed substances become to transit or expose the electrons, then the ionization is initially activated. In this study, static eliminator based on the vacuum ultraviolet ray under the above mentioned environment was tested and the results show how the ionization performance based on vacuum ultraviolet ray can be optimized. These vacuum ultraviolet ray performs better in extreme atmosphere than an ordinary atmospheric environment. Neutralization capability, therefore, shows its maximum value at 10-1~10-3 Torr pressure level, and than starts degrading as pressure is gradually reduced. Neutralization capability at this peak point is higher than that at reduced pressure about 104 times on the atmospheric pressure and by about 103 times on the inactive gas. The introductions of these technology make it possible to perfectly overcome problems caused by static electricity and to manufacture ULSI devices and LCD with high reliability.

딥러닝 기반의 대기압을 활용한 옥내 층수 예측 모델의 제안

정태양(Taeyang Jeong),김규석(Kyuseok Kim),김주희(Juhee Kim) 한국정보기술학회 2024 한국정보기술학회논문지 Vol.22 No.5

GPS(Global Positioning System)의 평면 측위 오차는 지속적으로 감소하고 있다. 그러나 이 기술의 한계상 실내에서의 측위는 여전히 불가능하며, 고도 오차는 수십 미터 수준으로 크다. 고도에 따른 기압의 차이가 있다는 사실에 근거하여 본 연구에서는 스마트폰의 기압 센서를 활용하여 실내에서의 지상 및 지하 층수 예측모형을 제안한다. 연구 방법론으로는 수집된 기압 정보를 기반으로 대기압에 기반한 고도 측정의 정확도를 높이기 위하여 DNN(Deep Neural Networks) 모형에 학습하여 결과를 예측한다. 기존의 대기압을 활용한 연구는 주로 실외에서 이루어진 것으로 본 연구는 실내에서도 대기압을 활용하여 고도 측정이 가능함을 제시하는 연구이다. 샘플 데이터를 기반으로 예측한 결과, 지하 층수 예측을 100% 성공하였다. 따라서 대기압 데이터를 활용하여 옥내 층수 예측의 가능성을 제시한다. The plane positioning error of Global Positioning System(GPS) is continuously decreasing. However, due to the limitations of this technology, indoor positioning is still impossible, and altitude errors are as large as tens of meters. In order to measure altitude, based on the fact that there is a difference in air pressure according to altitude, we use a smartphone’s air pressure sensor. In this study, we propose an indoor prediction model for the number of floors above and below ground using the barometric pressure sensor of a smartphone. Based on the collected air pressure information, the research methodology predicts the results by learning a Deep Neural Networks(DNN) model to increase the accuracy of altitude measurement based on atmospheric pressure. As a research methodology, the results are predicted by learning a DNN model based on the collected atmospheric pressure information. As a result of the prediction based on sample data, the prediction of the number of underground floors was 100% successful. Therefore, we suggest the possibility of predicting the number of indoor floors using atmospheric pressure data.