시․공간 활동인구 추정에 의한 통행수요 예측

엄진기 대한교통학회 2008 大韓交通學會誌 Vol.26 No.5

The conventional four-step travel demand model is still widely used as the state-of-practice in most transportation planning agencies even though it does not provide reliable estimates of travel demand. In order to improve the accuracy of travel demand estimation, implementing an alternative approach would be critical as much as acquiring reliable socioeconomic and travel data. Recently, the role of travel demand model is diverse to satisfy the needs of microscopic analysis regarding various policies of travel demand management and traffic operations. In this context, the activity-based approach for travel demand estimation is introduced and a case study of developing a spatial-temporal activity presence-based approach that estimates travel demand through forecasting number of people present at certain place and time is accomplished. Results show that the spatial-temporal activity presence-based approach provides reliable estimates of both number of people present and trips actually people made. It is expected that the proposed approach will provide better estimates and be used in not only long-term transport plans but short-term transport impact studies with respect to various transport policies. Finally, in order to introduce the spatial-temporal activity presence-based approach, the data such as activity-based travel diary and land use based on geographic information system are essential. 기존의 4단계 교통수요추정 모형은 거시적인 장래 교통수요 예측을 위해 사용되어 왔으나 정확성에 대한 문제가 지속적으로 제기되어 왔다. 장래 수요추정의 정확성을 높이기 위해서는 신뢰성 있는 자료의 확보, 장래 사회․경제 지표의 예측의 합리성 등 근본적 해결방법이 있으며 모형의 추정방법을 달리하는 것도 상당히 중요한 해결방법이라 하겠다. 과거와 달리 교통수요추정 모형은 단순히 교통인프라 구축에 따른 교통수요추정과 같은 거시적인 분석뿐만 아니라 교통수요관리정책의 효과분석, 교통운영분석의 적용 등 미시적인 분석에 대한 요구가 증대되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 인간의 활동에 기반을 둔 활동기반 교통수요추정에 대하여 소개하며 통행자의 일일 활동에 대한 조사를 기반으로 한 시․공간 활동인구 추정을 통한 통행수요를 예측하였다. 연구결과 개별 건물단위의 시간대별 활동인구의 추정은 비교적 정확한 것으로 분석되었으며 예측된 통행수요 또한 정확성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 인간의 활동에 기반을 둔 시․공간 활동기반모형은 거시적인 교통수요추정뿐만 아니라 미시적 추정이 가능하므로 다양한 미시적 교통체계분석에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대되며 이를 위해 활동기반 자료와 토지이용에 대한 공간자료(GIS)의 확보가 필수적이라 하겠다.

활동의 지속성 및 통행행태의 시간적 의존성 관계 에 대한 연구

장태연(Jang, Tae-Youn) 한국지역개발학회 2008 韓國地域開發學會誌 Vol.20 No.2

Activity schedules are based on what kinds of activities are persued and how much time is spent for them within the given time. For trip purpose to meet individual's needs, his activity schedule and travel behavior depend on the significant elements such as the kind of activities pursued and the amount of time spent for them. The study examines relationship between social- economic characteristics and weekend travel behavior, and analyzes the factors affecting on activity duration time under the concept of activity- based analysis. Hazard rate models are applied for analysis on activity duration times. Not for simple activity time, duration time considering the sequence of activities is studied by the comting risk model, indicating that the ch이ce and time of current activities depend on the nature and duration of the activities rform previously. The study shows the potential that the comting risk model is one of methods for activity- based analysis, which can inquire into characteristics of individual’s activity duration and timing sequence. Also, the study allows to assess the assumed effects of socio- demographic variables on the timing and choice of activities. In future, methodologies for predicting the impact of individual attributes on daily activity- pattem and for analyzing sensitivity on activity transition should be developed.

Structure-activity Relationship of Aliphatic Compounds for Nematicidal Activity against Pine Wood Nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)

Il-Kwon Park,Seon-Mi Seo,Junheon Kim,Sang-Gil Lee,Chong-Kyu Lee,Sang-Chul Shin 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.05

Nematicidal activity of aliphatic compounds was tested against pien wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. There was a significant difference in nematicidal activity among function groups. In a test with alkanols and 2-alkenols, compounds with C8-C11 chain length showed 100% nematicidal activity at 0.5 mg/mL concentration. C6-C10 2-alkenals exhibited >95% nematicidal activity, but the other compounds with C11-C14 chain length showed weak activity. Nematicidal activity of alkanoic acids with C7-C11 chain length was strong. Whole compounds belonging to hydrocarbons, alkanals and alkanoic acetate showed weak nematicidal activity at 0.5 mg/mL concentration. Nematicidal activity of compounds which showed strong nematicidal activity at 0.5 mg/mL concentration was tested at a lower concentration. At 0.25 mg/mL concentration, whole compounds except C8 alkanol, C8 2-alkenol and C7 alkanoic acid showed >80% nematicidal activity. C9-C11 alkanols, C10-C11 2-alkenols, C8-C9 2-alkenals and C9-C10 alkanoic acids showed >80% nematicidal activity at 0.125 mg/mL concentration. Only C11 alkanol exhibited strong nematicidal activity at 0.0625 mg/mL concentration

영재를 위한 교수-학습과정 설계와 분석 틀로써의 활동이론

김종백(Kim Jong Baeg),조형정(Cho Hyung Jung) 한국영재교육학회 2007 영재와 영재교육 Vol.6 No.2

  Activity theory was accomplished from studies on the condition that learners" talent are developed through learning activity. From the theory, we can get implications on instruction-learning design as analyzing structure of learning activity based on activity theory. Especially, for developing innate potential of the gifted, educators must confirm and inquiry interaction between factors in associated with all activity. The same activity can be viewed differently according to subject"s various points of view and components of this activity system also have differences based on various factors. Therefore, in case of learning activities of the gifted, respective case might be special and important.<BR>  So when researchers and educators plan instructional design for the gifted, they have to realize and reflect that what instrumental medium can be advanced cognitive ability of the gifted and that is the core which instrument is most pertinent to which learning situation. Activity theory provides a viewpoint that learning or activity means combination of various social interactions and factors. Consequently, analysis and specific application on learning activity based activity theory need to be renewed discussion to gifted education as well as common education environment.   학습활동을 통해 형성되는 학습자의 재능은 자연적인 상황에서 주어지는 것이 아니라 활동을 통해서 상황에 따라 규정이 되는데 이와 같은 측면을 설명할 수 있는 영재교육의 틀이 필요하며 연구자들은 활동이론(activity theory)이 그러한 대안이 될 수 있는지 본 연구를 통해서 탐색하고자 하였다. 활동이론은 전통적인 개인주의적 관점에서 학습환경과 학습자를 구분하여 소외시키는 입장을 비판하고 학습활동을 보다 통합적인 관점에서 보고자 함으로써 구체적인 상황과 결부된 학습활동과 일반적인 교수-학습 설계에 시사점을 제공한다. 특히 고정된 능력의 관점에서 보는 영재성을 탈피하고 Vygotsky(1978)가 주장했듯이 잠재력을 계발하기 위해 특별한 교육을 필요로 하는 미래의 잠재 영재에 초점을 두고 교실수업 실천가들과 함께 개별 교육 상황들에게 작동되는 모든 활동관련 요인들 간의 상호작용들의 확인과 탐색을 유기적으로 관련짓도록 강조한다. 활동이론이 제시하는 통합적인 관점은 단순히 학습활동에 관심이 있는 것이 아니라 학습활동을 통해서 학생들이 대상물을 변형하고 그 변형된 대상물을 통해서 학습목표를 성취하는 것이다. 이러한 학습활동은 개별적 학습 상황속에서 도구의 매개를 필요로 하게 되는데 영재아들을 위해서 이러한 지식이 적용되는 개별 학습 상황의 체험적 지각과 물리적 혹은 정신적 도구의 활용 또한 고차원적인 사고기능을 발달시키는데 도움을 제공한다. 또한 거시적인 관점에서 활동이론은 영재 동료들 간의 상호작용 및 다른 전문가들간 네트워크의 중요성에 대해 언급하고 있고 이것은 학문적 학습공동체를 통해서 학습활동을 촉진하고 문제의식을 고양하고 창의적 문제해결력 증진에 기여하는 촉매역할을 한다. 본 연구에서는 활동이론의 영재교육에 대한 이론적 시사점 및 제안점을 주로 수업적 관점에서 논의했다.

계절별 날씨 변화가 신체활동 참여 수준에 미치는 영향

이용수 한국웰니스학회 2019 한국웰니스학회지 Vol.14 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the weather change and the type and level of physical activity participation of the residents registered in a local public health center in Seoul and to provide basic data on the strategy development of health promotion project and physical activity promotion program. The subjects of this study were 1,956 members aged between 30 and 65 who were enrolled in the Center for Metabolic Syndrome Management at the Public Health Center of the Seoul Metropolitan Government. The results of this study were as follows: As a result of comparing monthly physical activity level, the highest month of physical activity was in October, November and April. The highest monthly physical activity was in September, January and October. As a result of comparing the level of physical activities by season, 'high intensity physical activity per week' was significantly higher in autumn than in summer and winter(p<.001). The mean intensity of physical activity per week was significantly higher in autumn than in spring) and winter (p<.01). There was no significant difference in walking activity per week between the seasons. Among the three types of physical activity, walking is the highest physical activity and seasonal variation is the least, so it is appropriate to use it as a strategy to minimize changes in physical activity due to seasonal changes. In the future, it will be necessary to focus on the development of walking program in order to activate physical activity. 본 연구의 목적은 날씨의 변화가 지역 거주민의 신체활동 참여 형태와 수준에 미치는 관련성을 조사하여 건강증진 사업 기획 및 신체활동증진 프로그램의 중재전략 개발에 기초자료를 제공하는 것이다. 본 연구의 연구대상자는 서울특별시 산하 일개 지방정부의 보건소 대사증후군관리센터에 등록된 나이 30세에서 65세 사이의 회원 1,956명이다. 연구결과 월별 신체활동 수준을 비교한 결과 ‘신체활동높음’ 이 가장 많은 달은 10월, 11월, 4월 순으로 나타났으며, ‘신체활동보통’ 이 가장 높은 달은 9월, 1월, 10월 순으로 나타났다. 계절별 신체활동 수준을 비교한 결과 ‘주당고강도신체활동량’은 가을이 여름과 겨울보다 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났으며(p<.001), ‘주당중강도신체활동량’은 가을이 봄과 겨울보다 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<.01). ‘주당걷기신체활동량’은 계절간에 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 걷기는 가장 신체활동량이 높고, 계절별 편차가 가장 적으므로 계절변화에 따른 신체활동량 변화를 최소화하기 위한 전략으로 활용하는 것이 적절할 것으로 사료된다. 추후 신체활동 활성화를 위해서는 계절별 걷기 운동 프로그램 전략 개발에 대한 연구가 필요 할 것으로 판단된다.

Antioxidant Activity of Talinum portulacifolium (Forssk) Leaf Extracts

Thalapaneni Nageswara Rao,Chidambaram Kumarappan,Sabapathi Mohana Lakshmi,Subhash C Mandal 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2008 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.8 No.4

The aim of the study is to investigate the antioxidant activity through, reducing power, 2, 2- diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), nitric oxide radical (NO), superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide radical (H2O2) scavenging activity and the amount of total phenolic compounds of chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous extracts of the leaves of Talinum portulacifolium. Chloroform extract of leaves of T. portulacifolium showed highest antioxidant activity, with a direct relationship between activity and concentration of extracts (15 - 240 μg/mL). Among all the extracts, the highest amount of the total polyphenolic compounds was found in the chloroform extract. Chloroform extract of T. portulacifolium showed an important free radical scavenging activity towards the DPPH, NO, Superoxide and H2O2 radicals, with IC50 values of 133.26, 165.75, 156.34 and 135.29 μg/mL, respectively. In the lipid peroxidation assay, extracts of chloroform and ethyl acetate showed a remarkable inhibitory activity. The extracts showed significant activity in all the experiments but lower than the standard antioxidant, ascorbic acid. The aim of the study is to investigate the antioxidant activity through, reducing power, 2, 2- diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), nitric oxide radical (NO), superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide radical (H2O2) scavenging activity and the amount of total phenolic compounds of chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous extracts of the leaves of Talinum portulacifolium. Chloroform extract of leaves of T. portulacifolium showed highest antioxidant activity, with a direct relationship between activity and concentration of extracts (15 - 240 μg/mL). Among all the extracts, the highest amount of the total polyphenolic compounds was found in the chloroform extract. Chloroform extract of T. portulacifolium showed an important free radical scavenging activity towards the DPPH, NO, Superoxide and H2O2 radicals, with IC50 values of 133.26, 165.75, 156.34 and 135.29 μg/mL, respectively. In the lipid peroxidation assay, extracts of chloroform and ethyl acetate showed a remarkable inhibitory activity. The extracts showed significant activity in all the experiments but lower than the standard antioxidant, ascorbic acid.

한국어 교재에 나타난 학습 활동의 현황과 변천 과정 연구

신현숙 국제한국어교육학회 2006 한국어 교육 Vol.17 No.3

There are many differences between the Korean Textbooks of the past and the most recent Korean Language Education materials. While communicative language teaching and the integrative approach constitute the main current, more recent texts emphasize learning activities which focus on the learner. In this study, and through the analysis of the Korean textbooks, learning activities are arranged into 4 basic categories. First, ‘exercises’-in which repeated practice (usually in the form of substitution drills) was used (usually referred to as the audio-lingual method) has been changed to ‘activity’. The substitution drill practice presented a relatively passive repetition activity that was weak in developing learner’s practical communication abilities. The need to use active and original ‘activities’ in the latest learning exercises focused on the learner. Second, the ‘after-learning activity’ was changed to ‘combined learning activity’. The latest learning activities are intensifying and practicing the ‘before/during/after’ aspects of the teaching-learning process. Third, current trends emphasize the four language skills- speaking․listening․reading․writing. Forth, changing the learning activity from ‘self-practice’ to a ‘reciprocal learning activity’ done in pairs or groups is appearing frequently promotes actual verbal interaction and therefore practical communication. On this basis, the purpose of the learning activity should be presented clearly, and the frame of the possible learning activity should be presented as a concrete process. Finally, and if the learning activity relates to cultural aspects of the language, it should attract the interest of the learners in order to create as memorable an activity as possible.

보문 : 천연복합물(애기달맞이꽃, 상황버섯, 감초) 에탄올 추출물의 항산화 활성 및 피부미백 효능

김수은 ( Su Eun Kim ),김영훈 ( Young-hun Kim ),이진태 ( Jin Tae Lee ) 대한미용학회(구 대한미용과학회) 2014 대한미용학회지 Vol.10 No.1

The aim of this study was to assess the antioxidant activity and whitening efficacy of ethanolic extract of herb complex (Oenothera laciniata, Phellinus linteus and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer). The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH-radical inhibition activity, xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD)- like activity, and ABTS radical inhibition activity. Whitening efficacy was evaluated by mushroom tyrosinase inhibition activity. In the antioxidant activities of ethanolic extract of herb complex at 1,000 μg/mL concentration, DPPH radical inhibition activity was over 80% and similar to that of BHA, positive control. XO inhibition activity was over 90%. The SOD-like activity was over 30%. ABTS radical inhibition activity was over 95%. The ethanolic extract of herb complex reduced the mushroom tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependant manner, showing a inhibitory rate over 60% at 1,000 μg/mL concentration compared to the untreated control. The ethanolic extract of herb complex did not affect on cell growth at test concentrations (0~1,000 μg/mL). From these results, it was found that the ethanolic extract of herb complex had a good antioxidant activity and whitening efficacy. Hence, it could be used as cosmetic ingredients for skin whitening and/or skin anti-ageing.

An Activity-Centric Quality Model of Software

Koh, Seokha Korea Data Strategy Society 2019 Journal of information technology applications & m Vol.26 No.2

In this paper, software activity, software activity instance, and the quality of the activity instance are defined as the 'activity which is performed on the software product by a person or a group of persons,' the 'distinctive and individual performance of software activity,' and the 'performer's evaluation on how good or bad his/her own activity instance is,' respectively. The representative values of the instance quality population associated with a product and its sub-population are defined as the (software) activity quality and activity quality characteristic of the product, respectively. The activity quality model in this paper classifies activity quality characteristics according to the classification hierarchy of software activity by the goal. In the model, a quality characteristic can have two types of sub-characteristics : Special sub-characteristic and component sub-characteristic, where the former is its super-characteristic too simultaneously and the latter is not its super-characteristic but a part of its super-characteristic. The activity quality model is parsimonious, coherent, and easy to understand and use. The activity quality model can serve as a corner stone on which a software quality body of knowledge, which constituted with a set of models parsimonious, coherent, and easy to understand and use and the theories explaining the cause-and-relationships among the models, can be built. The body of knowledge can be called the (grand) activity-centric quality model of software.

Longitudinal Trend of Prevalence of Meeting Physical Activity Guidelines among Korean Adults

Junghoon Kim(Junghoon Kim) 사피엔시아 2017 Exercise Medicine Vol.1 No.-

OBJECTIVES: At present, almost nothing is known about longitudinal trends in the proportion of Korean adults meeting recommended guidelines for physical activity or the inter-related factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the longitudinal trends in how Korean adults met new guidelines for physical activity between 2008 and 2013 and to evaluate a range of factors that could have influenced these trends. METHODS: Analysis involved a dataset of 36,009 adults aged ≥20 years who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2013. The volume of physical activity and muscular activity were assessed using a self-reported questionnaire, and each domain of activity was characterized as being either low or high, based upon physical activity guidelines for Korean adults. RESULTS: Based on new physical activity guidelines, 22.0%, 26.6%, and 36.8% of Korean adults met the guideline requirements for moderate, vigorous, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, respectively; 21.8% adults met the requirements for muscular activity. The odds ratio for meeting the requirements of the physical activity guidelines was significantly lower in the elderly population, in females, and in participants with low income. Moreover, the longitudinal trend for meeting the guidelines for physical activity showed a significant reduction from 2008 to 2012. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the self-reporting questionnaire used in the present study showed that ~35% of Korean adults met the guidelines for physical activity. Furthermore, the longitudinal trend for meeting physical activity guidelines showed a significant reduction between 2008 and 2012. Finally, our findings showed that physical activity estimates for Korean adults vary substantially depending on socio-demographic characteristics.