1972년 7.4 남북공동성명

김재영(Kim, Jae-young) 헌법이론실무학회 2017 통일법연구 Vol.3 No.-

남북 분단체제는 남북간 정치·경제·사회·문화 체제를 계속 이질화시켜가면서 이를 통해 체제 자체의 유지기반을 마련해왔다. 그러나 1960년대 말부터 1970년대 초로 넘어오는 과정에서 미국과 소련, 중국 등 강대국들을 중심으로 이른바 데탕트(detente) 분위기가 조성되었고, 이러한 분위기는 남북한 당국을 대화의 장으로 끌어내었고, 6·25전쟁 후 20여년간 완전히 단절되었던 남북한 당국 사이의 접촉이 재개되었다. 그 결과 남북한 당국이 최초로 ‘자주·평화·민족적 대단결’이라는 조국통일 3대 원칙에 관하여 합의하고 이를 문서화한 7.4 남북공동성명이 1972. 7. 4. 서울과 평양에서 동시에 발표되었다. 7.4 남북공동성명은 남북 간 대화를 통한 최초의 합의문이라는 상징성을 가질 뿐만 아니라 합의문 도출 이후 40여 년이 지난 현재까지 남북한 교류·협력과 통일정책의 규범적 시각을 제공하면서 후속 남북대화에 많은 영향을 미치고 있다. 그러나, 이러한 역사적 의의와 영향력에도 불구하고 7.4 남북공동성명은 그 성립 과정부터 합의를 위한 합의 또는 명분 쌓기용 합의로서의 한계를 가지고 있었기 때문에 절차, 형식, 내용 등에 있어서 적지 않은 논란을 불러일으키고 있다. 우리가 진정으로 남북통일을 이루려면 ‘대화없는 남북대결’뿐만 아니라 ‘대화있는 남북대결’도 지양하고, ‘대화있는 남북협력’의 시대로 나아가야 한다. 남북한이 분단의 현실에 대한 인식에 터잡아 서로의 실체를 인정하고 지속적인 대화와 협력을 통해 긴장을 완화시키고 공존을 모색해야 한다. 또한, 남북한이 주체적으로 주변국과의 관계를 개선하고 주변국으로부터 남북통일에 관한 이해와 적극적인 협력을 이끌어내야 한다. 그리고, 이러한 제반 여건을 바탕으로 남북한에서 정당한 권한을 가진자가 주권자인 국민의 통일에 대한 염원과 의지를 담아서 일의적(一義的)으로 해석되는 명확한 용어를 사용(필요할 경우에는 정의 조항을 포함)하여 합의 문구를 작성함으로써 차후 합의문 내용에 관한 해석상 논란의 소지가 없도록 할 때 비로소 남북한이 통일에 관해 실천적 의지가 담겨 있고 법적으로도 구속력 있는 합의를 이룰 수 있음을 명심해야 한다. The South and North Korean division system has maintained the system itself through the continuing heterogeneity of the political, economic, social and cultural systems of the two Koreas. However, in the course of the transition from the end of the 1960s to the beginning of the 1970s, a so-called detente atmosphere was created centering around the US, the Soviet Union, and China, and this atmosphere brought the two Koreas into the arena of dialogue, The contact between the two Koreas authorities, which had been severed completely for 20 years, resumed. As a result, the July 4<SUP>th</SUP> South-North Korea Joint Communique, which agreed on and agreed on the three principles of national reunification, the first time that the South and North Korean authorities were to "unify, peace, and national unity," was announced simultaneously in Seoul and Pyongyang. In addition to having the symbolic meaning of the first inter-Korean dialogue through the inter-Korean dialogue, the July 4<SUP>th</SUP> South-North Korea Joint Communique has provided the normative perspective of inter-Korean cooperation, cooperation and unification policy for more than forty years since the beginning of the agreement. Despite these historical significances and influences, however, the July 4<SUP>th</SUP> South-North Korea Joint Communique has had limitations as a consensus for consensus or consensus for the establishment of a just cause, thus raising controversy in the procedures, form, and contents. In order for us to truly achieve inter-Korean unification, we must not only "inter-Korean confrontation without dialogue" but also "dialogue inter-Korean confrontation" and move on to an era of "dialogue inter-Korean cooperation". The two Koreas should acknowledge each other"s reality by recognizing the reality of the division and try to relax the tension and seek coexistence through continuous dialogue and cooperation. In addition, the two Koreas should improve their relations with neighboring countries and draw up understanding and active cooperation from neighboring countries on the unification of the two Koreas. On the basis of these conditions, a person with a legitimate right in the two Koreas should use a clear term (including a definition if necessary) interpreted unilaterally by including the desire and intention of the sovereign nation"s unification. If you write such a statement of agreement, there will be no controversy about the contents of the agreement later. It is then necessary to bear in mind that the two Koreas have a practical will to deal with reunification and that legally binding agreements can be reached.

NiFe/Cu/NiFe 박막과 YBa₂Cu₃O<SUB>7−x </SUB>박막 사이 NiO 층의 두께에 따른 전류전달효과에 의한 음의 자기저항비 특성 연구

카지드마(Purevdorj Khajidmaa),강병욱(Byeong-Uk Kang),최종구(Jong-Gu Choi),이상석(Sang-Suk Lee),양우일(Woo-Il Yang) 한국자기학회 2019 韓國磁氣學會誌 Vol.29 No.2

The magnetoresistance (MR) curves of giant magnetoresistive-spin valve (GMR-SV) multilayer on Corning glass and sapphire/high-temperature superconductor (HTS) YBa₂Cu₃O<SUB>7−x</SUB> (YBCO) film fabricated by magnetron sputtering were compared and analyzed. Hybrid type HTS and GMR-SV multilayer film with antiferromagnetic NiO thickness of 10 nm has a negative MR ratio of−7.7 %, an exchange coupling field (H<SUB>ex</SUB>) of 120 Oe, a coercive force (H<SUB>c</SUB>) of 125 Oe, respectively. However, there is exist a positive MR ratio of +7.3 % in case of NiO thickness of 60 nm. The glass/NiO/NiFe/Cu/NiFe/Ta multilayer showed linear current-voltage (IV) curve, but the Al₂O₃/YBCO/NiO(10 nm, 60 nm)/NiFe/Cu/NiFe/Ta multilayer showed a nonlinear I-V curve in which the resistance value of 1.15 Ω and 59.4 Ω decreased to 1.02 Ω and 50.2 Ω when the current of 15.7 mA increased to 1.67 mA, respectively. This results are explained by the current transfer effect in the 4-probe electrode measurement method occurred when the resistance of the YBCO film is 0.

Enhanced Low-field Magnetoresistance of La<SUB>0.7</SUB>Sr<SUB>0.3</SUB>Mn<SUB>1+d</SUB>O<SUB>3-</SUB>Mn<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> Composite Films Prepared by ex-situ Solid Phase Crystallization

Young-Min Kang,Hyo-Jin Kim,Sang-Im Yoo 한국자기학회 2012 Journal of Magnetics Vol.17 No.4

We report improved low-field magnetoresistance (LFMR) effects of the La0.7Sr0.3Mn1+dO3-Mn3O4 composite films with the nominal composition of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3(LSMO)-50 mol% Mn3O4. The composite films were fabricated by ex-situ solid phase crystallization (SPC) of amorphous films at the annealing temperature region of 900-1100℃ for 2 h in a pure oxygen atmosphere. The amorphous films were deposited on polycrystalline BaZrO3 (poly-BZO) substrates by dc-magnetron sputtering at room temperature. The Curie temperatures (TC) of all composite films were insignificantly altered in the range of 368-372 K. The highest LFMR value of 1.29 % in 0.5 kOe with the maximum dMR/dH value of 37.4%kOe<SUP>?1</SUP> at 300 K was obtained from 900 nm-thick composite film annealed at 1100℃. The improved LFMR properties of the composite films are attributed to effective spin-dependent scattering at the La0.7Sr0.3Mn1+dO3 grain boundaries sharpened by adjacent chemically compatible Mn3O4 grains.

재활시스템 구동을 위한 수소저장합금의 제조 특성 분석

신미연,권대규,유창호 제어로봇시스템학회 2019 제어로봇시스템학회 각 지부별 자료집 Vol.2019 No.1

In this paper, Zr0.9Ti0.1Cr0.6Fe1.4 and Zr0.9Ti0.1Cr0.7Fe1.3 were selected as Metal-Hydride(MH) alloys for driving the rehabilitative system. The MH alloys were fabricated by Arc-melting and the compositions of its were analyzed by Field Emission Scaning Electron Microscope(FE-SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy(EDS), X-Ray Diffractometry(XRD) and Inductively Coupled Plasma(ICP). As a result of the analysis, the alloys were nonuniform in composition although it was prepared as a single phase of hexagonal structure. In the future, the hydrogen storage capacity of the MH alloys will be evaluated by producing P-C-T diagram of each MH alloys. And MH alloys will be used at driving actuation system for confirming its actual performance.

온도 및 생장조절제가 국내 육성 사과 품종의 화분발아율 및 화분관 신장에 미치는 영향

권헌중(Hun-Joong, Kweon),박무용(Moo-Yong Park),송양익(Yang-Yik, Song),손광민(Kwang-Min Son),사공동훈(Dong-Hoon Sagong) (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2016 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.25 No.3

본 시험은 만개기 기온(15~40oC) 및 생장조절제(GA4+7+BA와 prohexadione-calcium) 살포가 국내 주요 사과품종(‘후지’, ‘쓰가루’)과 국내에서 육성한 품종들(‘추광’, ‘감홍’, ‘홍안’, ‘홍금’, ‘홍로’, ‘홍소’, ‘화홍’, ‘섬머드림’, ‘선홍’)의 화분 발아율 및 화분관 신장에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 실시하였다. 15℃부터 25℃까지 온도가 올라갈수록 화분 발아율과 화분관 신장 길이는 증가되었으나, 30℃ 이상의 고온은 화분 발아율과 화분관 신장 길이를 억제시켰다. 30oC 이상의 고온에서 화분 발아율과 화분관 신장 길이가 가장 높았던 국내 육성 사과품종은 ‘선홍’이었다. GA4+7+BA 살포는 무처리구에 비해 화분 발아율 및 화분관 신장 길이를 증진시켰으나, 이러한 효과는 40℃에서 발생하지 않았다. prohexadione-calcium 살포는 화분 발아율과 화분관 신장 길이에 영향을 주지 않았다. 결론적으로, 사과나무 만개기 기온이 30~35℃ 정도로 높아지면, 인공수분 후 GA4+7+BA를 살포하는 것이 착과 증진에 좋을 것으로 판단되었다. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of temperature (15~40℃) and the spraying plant growth regulators (GA4+7+BA and prohexadione-calcium) during full blooming on pollen germination and pollen tube growth of the commercial apple cultivars (‘Fuji’ and ‘Tsugaru’) and apple cultivars bred in Korea (‘Chukwang’, ‘Gamhong’, ‘Hongan’, ‘Honggeum’, ‘Hongro’, ‘Hwahong’, ‘Hongso’, ‘Summer dream’ and ‘Sunhong’). Pollen germination and pollen tube growth were increased with increasing temperature from 15 to 25℃, but high temperature over 30℃ inhibit those. The apple cultivar bred in Korea that shows the highest value on pollen germination and pollen tube growth at over 30℃ was ‘Sunhong’. The spraying GA4+7+BA increased pollen germination and pollen tube growth than control, but that effect was not show at 40℃. The spraying prohexadione-calcium was not affect to pollen germination and pollen tube growth. In conclusion, if the air temperature during full bloom of apple tree rises about 30~35℃, the spraying GA4+7+BA after artificial pollination will be good to increasing fruit set.