Smartphone Addiction Among University Students’ During the Post-COVID-19 Era: The Role of Emotional Intelligence and Future Anxiety

Hong-xin Zhang 대한신경정신의학회 2023 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.20 No.10

Objective Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic-related psychological symptoms can lead to smartphone addiction (SPA) risk and other behavioral disorders, thus impacting individuals’ mental health and well-being. The present study aims to propose a mediation model to investigate the association between emotional intelligence (EI) and SPA, and the mediating role of future anxiety (FA) during the post-COVID-19 era. Methods An online questionnaire including the Emotional Intelligence Scale, the Dark Future Scale, and the Smartphone Addiction Scale among university students from China, was conducted between September 14 and November 22, 2022. Finally, 1,154 valid questionnaires were collected. The reliability and confirmatory factor analysis results showed that all three scales had good reliability and validity. Results Structural Equation Model demonstrated that EI significantly and negatively influenced SPA (β=0.211, p<0.001), university students’ FA significantly and positively effected SPA (β=0.315, p<0.001), EI significantly predicted SPA in university students, and FA partially mediated the association between EI and SPA. The mediation effect of FA was 0.110, which accounted for 34.27% of the total effect. Bootstrap results furthermore tested the rigor of the mediating effect. Conclusion These findings broaden our understanding regarding the relationship between EI and SPA and the mediating role of FA, providing new sights for educators on how to reduce the risk of SPA when confronting the ongoing and possible future pandemics.

COVID-19 팬데믹 시대를 경험하는 인터넷, 스마트폰 과의존 지역아동센터 아동의 집단모래놀이치료에 대한 예술기반 연구

박성민(Park, Sung Min),조윤(Jo, Yun),정현경(Jung, Hyun Kyoung) 한국임상모래놀이치료학회 2021 상징과 모래놀이치료 Vol.12 No.1

The purpose of this study is to find a clue of psychological intervention in group sandplay therapy for children in local children s centers who are overly dependent on internet and smartphones experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic era. Art is a process of expressing imagination, and it is in line with the fact that play is a symbolic and creative activity. Therefore, it can be said that children s imaginary play scenes and imaginary stories appearing in sandplay therapy are a form of art. Sandplay enables non-verbal expression, and the unconscious contents expressed by children are useful in understanding children s emotions. In this process, the researcher understands the client through imagination which is the intersubjective method and experiences an accepting relationship where healing and change occur. However, previous studies have limitations in that they approached children s dependence on the Internet and smartphones based on language. Therefore, these researchers conducted an arts-based study from an analytical psychology perspective to understand the experiences of children in local children s centers who are overly dependent on the Internet and smartphones through the group sandplay therapy process. To this end, co-researchers attending the doctoral program in child counseling and psychotherapy have categorized and discussed four themes : ‘wanting to be loved’, ‘suffering from anxiety’, ‘tolerating being alone/not communicating’, ‘trying to protect oneself’. Finally, it was intended to alleviate the psychological difficulties of children in local children s centers who are overly dependent on internet and smartphones, and to provide an open method for resolving the Internet and smartphone dependence phenomenon.

남명학의 대중화와 인문정신 콘텐츠 발굴

최은주 ( Choi Eun-joo ) 남명학연구원 2018 남명학(南冥學) Vol.23 No.-

The purpose of this study is to consider the popularization of expertise in the social roles and responsibilities of the humanities in general, and specifically to find out the direction and method suitable for the modern society to promote and disseminate the expert knowledge of 'Nammyeong Studies'. To this end, this study examined the present status of the popularization of Nammyeong Studies and then its outcomes and limitations. In addition, it aimed to investigate how to respond to the demands of the rapidly changing public in order to expand its impact, and review the roles and responsibilities as to what the popularization of Nammyeong Studies is ultimately aimed at what for in this modern society. In this study, 'Nammyeong Studies’ is used in the narrower sense, which limits the subject to the materials related directly to him, such as the study and thought of Nammyeong Jo Sik. What is urgent in the current performance in terms of the popularization of Nammyeong Studies is that it is now necessary to communicate with the public in the way they want in the smartphone era. An essential prerequisite for this is to firstly process the materials(original image, original text, and translated Korean text) related to Nammyeong Studies to keep them in intact forms through digital archive. It needs to undergo the first processing of the raw data accumulated inside and then the second processing so that it can be understood easily again to produce story content. Based on this processed story content, it needs to try the third processing of the texts, images and videos of various but easy and clear themes, and to open channels and platforms for social media to spread them. In addition, the form of content must be constantly evolved to enable the continuous sharing and diffusion of content. However, it should be noted that in social media, content is mutually shared, and individual thoughts, opinions and emotions can be added, so that the content is always subject to the risk of being transformed or distorted unlike the original intention. Therefore, it is necessary to firmly establish its root and foundation before producing the content of the form that the present age prefers. The content created through these steps can block the transformation and distortion of the essence itself by opening the way to trace its root at any time, no matter how the last form changes. The purpose of popularization of Nammyeong Studies is not simply to introduce it. It aims to make people feel sympathy and emotion while letting more people know Nammyeong Studies, and to create an opportunity to look back and reflect on themselves. In order to introduce Nammyeong Studies to many people, a method appropriate to the present age is required. Nammyeong Jo Sik’s study and thought and his practical life are unchanged, but we have to reinterpret the mental values i n them with modern codes and make the public understand and sympathize. In addition, it needs to attract the attention and interest of the public because it is impossible to try for something in the public's indifference. Now, in order to communicate with the public, it is essential to utilize social media and produce digital content that is consumed in it. That is to say, the nature of the content does not change, but the form and the way of conveying it must meet the changes of the times. And in the society of humanity crisis, 'Nammyeong Studies' should contribute to establishing the human view and values necessary for the present age as a method of popularization for the present age.

청소년의 스트레스가 스마트폰 과의존에 미치는 영향: 공격성의 매개효과를 중심으로

김진욱 ( Jinwook Kim ),박재완 ( Jaewan Park ),박지혜 ( Jihea Park ) 인문사회 21 2023 인문사회 21 Vol.14 No.1

The purpose of this study is to verify the mediating effect of aggression on the effect of adolescent stress on smartphone overdependence. In October 2022, data from the adolescent mental healthㆍaddiction survey conducted by the Institute for Life and Culture at Sogang University were used, and a hierarchical regression analysis was performed to analyze the mediating effect using jamovi 2.2.5 for a total of 646 data, and the significance of the mediating effect was verified through bootstrapping. In this study, the effect of adolescent stress on smartphone dependence and the mediating effect of aggression on the relationship between adolescent stress and smartphone dependence were examined. As a result of the analysis, adolescent stress had a significant effect on smartphone dependence, and aggression was effective as a significant parameter in the relationship between adolescent stress and smartphone dependence. Based on the results of this study, practical and policy implications for adolescent stress, smartphone overdependence, and aggression were suggested.

디지털결제시대의 도래에 따른 법제정비의 필요성에 대하여

강영기 서강대학교 법학연구소 2019 법과기업연구 Vol.9 No.2

In this paper, I examined the use of cashless settlement in major countries due to diversification of payment methods, and examined the various problems that may arise from the expansion of cashless settlement services and the necessity of system maintenance for countermeasures. Especially, I tried to think about the implications of the Japanese government’s system maintenance effort, which is pursuing the goal of realizing cashless society in Japan, which has a similar to our environment and legal system. With the remarkable development of information and communication technology, the payment settlement system has become diverse and the phenomenon of replacing the traditional cash payment system has increased. As a result, the view that cash demand will gradually decrease globally appears to be dominant. This is because it is more desirable to review and prepare for possible changes in the environment of cash settlement in future markets, including the inherent characteristics of cash. It is a matter of course that it is necessary to establish the infrastructure related to the cash-payment restraint society. However, it should not be forgotten that the stability of the money supply and demand system should be considered in preparation for emergencies. When society becomes cashless, it is expected to have positive effects such as securing the transparency of transactions and avoiding tax evasion, as the social costs of maintaining and managing the cash settlement system will disappear starting with the issue of currency. However, in a situation where the whole world does not move under one settlement system, it can be said that a stable transaction infrastructure has been established only after a countermeasure system in which a problem occurs in the settlement system has been repaired. In recent years, it seems that many countries are paying attention to mobile easy payment with the spread of smartphone distribution, and it is increasingly recognized that they are opportunities to create new and various services and growth engines. However, there is a possibility of social damage due to the convenience of payment and the cost reduction, as well as the risk of hacking and the risk of leakage of personal information. Also, there is a problem that it is unclear who will be responsible for financial accidents. In Korea, it is not yet decided how to define the cryptographic currency legally. Since there is no related law, there is a problem in the case of the transaction such as purchasing the cryptographic currency. Nevertheless, cryptographic simple payment services are emerging, and in order to protect users, it is necessary to establish related system in some form as soon as possible. In the case of Japan, the law on the settlement of funds has provided a way to prepare regulations for virtual money and to use it as a means of payment. In Korea, it is also desirable to establish regulations on the legal nature of the laws and regulations. This is because services used in the real economy can evolve into defenseless conditions without proper discipline, which can lead to unexpected misfortunes. It should be borne in mind that any system that does not protect the user can disappear without getting any trust. 본고에서는 결제수단의 다양화에 따른 주요 국가에서의 비현금결제 이용현황을 살펴보고, 비현금결제 서비스의 확대로 나타날 수 있는 각종 문제, 대응을 위한 제도정비의필요성 등에 대하여 살펴보고자 하였다. 특히 우리와 많이 유사한 환경과 법제를 가진일본에서 현금 없는 사회의 실현을 목표로 추진되고 있는 정부의 제도정비 노력을 중심으로 살펴보고 우리에게 주는 시사점에 대해 생각해보고자 하였다. 정보통신기술의 눈부신 발전으로 지급결제시스템이 다양해지고 전통적인 현금지급시스템을 대체하는 현상이증가하면서 전 세계적으로 현금수요가 점차 감소할 것이라는 시각이 지배적인 것으로보인다. 그래서 현금 고유의 특성을 포함하여 미래시장에서의 현금결제관련 환경변화의가능성에 대해 검토하고 대비하는 것이 보다 바람직하다고 생각되었기 때문이다. 현금지불억제의 사회를 지향하는 경우에는 그와 관련된 인프라의 구축이 필요한 것은 물론이지만 비상시에 대비한 화폐수급시스템의 안정도 염두에 두어야 한다는 점을 잊어서는아니 된다. 현금이 필요 없는 사회가 되면 화폐의 발행을 시작으로 현금결제시스템 유지 및 관리에 소요되는 사회적 비용이 사라지고 거래의 투명성 확보, 탈세의 방지 등긍정적인 효과가 기대되지만, 전 세계가 하나의 결제시스템 하에서 움직이는 것도 아닌상황에서 결제시스템에 문제가 발생한 경우를 상정한 대응시스템 또한 정비하지 아니하고는 안정적인 거래 인프라가 구축되었다고 보기는 어려울 것이다. 또한 최근에는 많은나라에서 스마트폰 보급의 확대를 계기로 한 모바일 간편결제에 대해서 주목하고 새롭고 다양한 서비스 및 성장동력 창출을 위한 기회라는 인식이 확대되고 있는 것으로 보이는데, 결제의 편리성과 비용절감의 측면과 더불어 해킹의 위험과 개인정보 유출 위험의 증가 등으로 인한 사회적 피해의 가능성이 있으며, 금융사고가 발생하는 경우에 누가 책임부담주체가 될 것인지도 명확하지 않다는 문제점도 있다는 점도 해결해야할 부분이다. 우리나라에서는 암호화폐를 법적으로 어떻게 규정할 것인지도 아직 정해지지 않은 상황이고 관련법이 없기 때문에 암호화폐로 물건을 구입하는 등의 거래를 할 경우에문제가 발생할 수 있는데도 빗썸캐시, 고페이 등과 같은 암호화폐 간편결제 서비스가등장하고 있는데, 이용자의 보호를 위해서도 어떠한 형태로든 제도를 마련할 필요가 있다. 일본의 경우는 자금결제법에서 가상화폐에 관한 규정을 마련하고 결제수단으로 이용할 수 있는 길을 마련하였는데, 우리나라도 우선 그 법적 성질에 관한 관련규정이라도마련해두고 이를 규율하는 것이 바람직하다고 본다. 실물경제에서 이용되는 서비스가 적절한 규율체제 없이 무방비 상태로 진화하는 것은 뜻하지 않은 불상사를 초래할 수 있기 때문이다. 이용자보호에 소홀한 시스템은 결코 신뢰를 얻지 못하고 사라질 수 있음을 명심하여야 한다.

전자소송 하에서의 전자송달

이찬양(Lee Chan Yang) 원광대학교 법학연구소 2015 圓光法學 Vol.31 No.4

Electronic litigation system has recently expanded its reach to the fields of civil suit, patent, family litigation, administrative litigation, civil execution procedures, bankruptcy procedures, non-contentious case litigation, etc., in the wake of enactment of Electronic Litigation Act in 2010. In that way, nearly all judicial proceedings will be pushed forward in the form of electronic litigation if concerned parties agree. Advancement of internet in electronic service sector has both advantages and disadvantages. The drawback is security problem which arises when plaintiff logs onto electronic litigation in whole processes of electronic litigation and electronic service. In addition, there are concerns about hacking attacks in the process where plaintiff submits lawsuit-related documents to electronic registration system of court, including the risk of hacking attacks when documents are stored on electronic registration system and possible security problem when the court forwards documents to concerned parties. As solutions which can eliminate such security risks and defects, we will examine many different capabilities provided by certified electronic address(#Mail) and Germany's de-mail service. Both services provide new services enabling safety enhancement and certification on the internet, and furthermore, allow direct electronic legal exchanges via #Mail or de-mail. If this system is introduced to current electronic litigation system, safe and truly electronic litigation system can be built. Thus, certified electronic address(#mail) functions would need to be incorporated into electronic service system of court to create true electronic service environment in judicial system of Korea. Various problems may arise from this process, including problems such as the risk of hacking attacks threatening information security, forwarding period, collection of residential registration numbers as essential data related to personal information, conditions for selection of certified electronics document providers, accessibility to user information from the angle of manager, practice of handling domestic and overseas electronic services as same services altogether, system security, pseudonymousness, authorized certificate, etc. Those problems can be offset or resolved through the functions of de-mail service or regulations. Along with that, this paper presented the methods for creating true electronic service environment by deriving related improvement measures. If aforesaid true electronic service system of court is built and brought to perfection by resolving related problems, advanced electronic litigation system which is superior worldwide will be built. By making efforts to make this system take root in court, Korea will be able to export related legal systems and license out related technologies, etc., abroad, and thereby seize opportunity to promote the interest of country by introducing its indigenous advanced systems, etc., around the globe.