태권도 태극품새와 가라테 카타 평안의 기술체계 분석

엄재영(Um, Jae-Young),이재봉(Lee, Jae-Bong) 세계태권도문화학회 2016 세계태권도문화학회지 Vol.- No.13

This thesis is to compare Taekwondo s Teageuk Poomsae and Karate Kata Pingan to analyse relation between these two in order to show what are the similarities and differences. Therefore, new Poomsae can be designed to fulfill the needs of new era. Thesis uses purposeful sampling and gathers 3 Karate experts who holds more than 5th degree black belt in Taekwondo. They were to discuss between TaeKondo and Karate with more than five times, and brought up their opinions on both martial art. Also research on the thesis is based on not only new theory but also old Korean martial writing materials. The results are as below. First, Taegeuk Poomsae is form to fulfill the needs of Minster of Education to be used and a physical education program in middle and high school. However, it is also to be used as training program in Taekwondo Do-Jang to teach beginners and trainees. Kata Pingan is also created by Itos Yasutsune with same purpose in order to follow Japan s national P.E. program planning. In 1905, Okinawa 1st Middle School and Okinawa school of education made Karate as official program. Because of this, Pinan do excluded lethal technique such as attacks a vital point or turning over joints. Even though, Taegeuk and Pinan was made with similar purpose there is no evidence that one is used the other in its forming. Second, system of Taeguek and Pinan is similar. However, its technique is very different. Taeguek includes Dollyeochgi, pyojeokchagi, ieochagi Ttwieochagi, Dubaldangseongchagi and etc... Kata Pinan does not have above high level kick technique. Taekwondo has Bakkanmakgi, Dollyeochgi, and Apseogi which Karate Kata doesn t have. It means that Taekwondo and Karate have close system but not the techniques according to the research of this thesis. Third, kicking technique of Taekwondo has been traditional Korean style ever since Chosun period as it written in the book Haedongjukji and Taekwondo in modern history and the new controversy. Pinan has low kick and body kick. However, there is no head kick or any other high kicks in the Kata according to study of this thesis. Forth, Taekwondo took some of Karate Kata s system and structure. and rules. However, after Japanese colonial era, Taekwondo re-organized as Korean martial art and developed rapidly. Fifth, in 1960 s Taekwondo has better practical technique and it is proved by its competition style. Karate used Sundome. This means that an attacker stops his or her striking before the target. Taekwondo, on the other hand, made a rule of full powered real striking to targets and show its unique style of fighting to the world. Taekwondo is so powerful that people had to wear bamboo protecting gear and now Electronic protecting gear is developed. Later this became Hogu and electronic Hogu. Lastly, with the study of color belt level Poomsae, study on black belt Poomsae can be more expected next. To improve Poomsae in Taekwondo, new and better Poomsae must be made soon. The new Poomsae must include higher level kicking techniques to characterize Taekwondo s style stronger. Also there is no Pommsae-Pulee for Taegeuk, therefore, there should be more study on the matter.

생활체육정보화 구축을 위한 포괄적 선행 과제

강준상 한국체육과학회 2006 한국체육과학회지 Vol.15 No.2

This study played a purpose of study to present a plan for efficiency of Taekwondo administration through literature study and reward investigation etc.There is Kukkiwon, Korea Taekwondo Association and the World Taekwondo Federation have an organization carrying out Taekwondo administration.Do some overlapping function, and three these organizations are carrying each separate functional role and authority and duty of basically each different character.The Kukkiwon is a mental basis of Taekwondo that is working to total a head of Korean Taekwondo.Be the first administrative organizations, and Korea Taekwondo Association has character as a match group related to Taekwondo.The World Taekwondo Federation is an international organization of Taekwondo.But, the administrative problem of a Taekwondo total the administrative device which can collect enough an opinion of general Taekwondo people was not to each organizations.Therefore, have to add rationally democracy anger about administration currently-oriented efficiency in Taekwondo administration in order to solve a problem.Specially, allow a space participating in on the decision making process, and must introduce a democracy sincerity principle about substratum Taekwondo people about the executives.

태권도 수련의 근대성과 신자유주의의 의의와 한계

박세근,김동규 한국체육철학회 2009 움직임의철학 : 한국체육철학회지 Vol.17 No.4

It is considered that there has been recently reached the serious condition of modified practices of Taekwondo and loss of martial arts, so this study has significant meanings to find out the causes and problems to be solved. The discussion is progressed, considering the development process of the modern Taekwondo and diagnosing issues detected in the process in the public good and profitability points of view. The findings from the analysis are as follows: the Taekwondo practice has a structure only leading to the stereotyped Taekwondo through superior authorities like its associations or Kukkiwon (the headquarters of Taekwondo) and there is a power structure of hegemony and dominant ideology owing to the authority-oriented agreement by field directors and the lack of criticism; such a power structure asks indiscriminate introduction of profitable programs in practices of Taekwondo with the economic principles of Neoliberalism, consequently resulting in the loss of martial philosophy, which is also spotted as the fundamental cause for revealing limitations between Taekwondo people; these situations are thought to be caused by the modernity in the Taekwondo society, so this study criticizes them for the development of Taekwondo. Based on the critical mind presented in the discussion above, the future tasks Taekwondo has to aim at are first that the practice of Taekwondo grounded on its traditional adherence and identification shall be ahead of the practice. Next, there shall be a discriminative treatment in the practice of Taekwondo from general sports. Finally the study presents that the value of ranking and promotion to higher grade shall be enhanced and qualification tests for directors shall be also strengthened. 이 연구는 최근 태권도 수련방법의 레크리에이션적 변용으로 인한 무도성 상실 문제가 심각한 수준에 이르렀다고 판단하여 그 원인과 해결과제를 밝히고자 하는데 의의가 있다. 논의의 전개는 근대 태권도의 발전과정을 고찰하고, 그 과정에서 제기되는 문제들을 공익적 차원과 수익적 차원에서 진단하였다. 그 결과 현대 태권도 수련은 대한태권도협회나 국기원과 같은 상부 단체들에 의해 획일화된 태권도를 지향할 수밖에 없는 구조를 가졌다는 사실과 일선 지도자들의 권력 지향적 합의들, 그리고 비판의식의 부재로 인해 헤게모니와 지배이데올로기라는 권력구조를 형성하고 있음을 밝혔으며, 이는 태권도계에 팽배한 보수적 성향, 즉 근대성의 특징으로 규정하였다. 또한 이러한 권력구조는 신자유주의 경제논리와 함께 태권도 수련에 있어 수익 지향적 프로그램들의 무차별적 도입을 종용하여 무도성을 상실케 하고, 이는 태권도인들 간의 관계에도 한계를 드러내게 하는 주요 원인으로 지목되었다. 이상의 논의에서 제기된 문제의식을 바탕으로 향후 태권도 수련이 지향해야 할 과제로 첫째, 전통의 고수와 정체성에 입각한 수련, 둘째, 일반 스포츠와 차별화된 수련, 셋째, 승급이나 승단의 가치상승과 지도자 자격심사의 강화 등을 제시하였다.

신한류 콘텐츠로써 태권도 시범문화: 세계화를 위한 성공요인 탐색

권경상 ( Kwon Kyung-sang ),권헌수 ( Gwon Heon-su ) 국기원 2017 국기원태권도연구 Vol.8 No.4

이 연구는 신한류 콘텐츠의 성공요인을 분석하여, 태권도 시범문화의 세계화를 위한 가능성을 살펴보는 것이 궁극적인 목적이다. 이를 위해 태권도시범단 지도교수, 지도자, 기관 담당자 등 10년 이상 경력의 연구참여자 총 6명을 선정하였다. 체계적 문헌고찰과 심층 면담을 실시함으로써 자료를 수집하였으며, 수집한 자료는 질적 분석을 사용하여 분석하였다. 이와 같이 수행된 이 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저 신한류 콘텐츠로써 태권도 시범문화에 대한 문화정책은 태권도 시범문화의 문화콘텐츠화 그리고 외교정책과의 연계가 이루어져야 한다. 다음으로 신한류 콘텐츠로써 태권도 시범문화의 유통방식은 미디어를 통한 노출과 소셜 미디어의 활용이 있어야 한다. 마지막으로 신한류 콘텐츠로써 태권도 시범문화의 특성은 문화콘텐츠 제작방식 그리고 K-Culture와 같은 문화콘텐츠의 확대가 필요하였다. 이상의 결론에서와 같이 태권도의 세계화는 태권도의 스포츠화를 통한 올림픽 정식종목의 채택과 더불어 태권도의 기술보다는 태권도의 정신에서 비롯된 가치를 바탕으로 생활체육으로써 전 세계에 뿌리내리게 되었다고 할 수 있다. 이는 태권도 시범단의 역할이 있었기에 가능했다. 또한 태권도 시범영역은 사회전반의 지배적인 가치로 인해, 점차 대중 친화적으로 변모하고 있다. 따라서 세계화된 태권도를 더욱 발돋움시키고 한국문화를 강건하기 위해서, 태권도 시범문화의 세계화를 올바르게 정착시켜야 한다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the success factors of new Hallyu contents and to examine the possibility for the globalization of the Taekwondo demonstration culture. For this purpose, a total of 6 research participants who have more than 10 years experience including Taekwondo demonstration team teaching professors, leaders, and agency personnel were selected. The data were collected through systematic review of the literature and in depth interviews, and the collected data were analyzed using qualitative analysis. The results of this study performed as above are as follows. First, culture policy on Taekwondo demonstration culture as new Hallyu content should make Taekwondo demonstration culture as cultural contents and should link it with foreign policy. Next, the distribution method of the Taekwondo demonstration culture as a new Hallyu content should have exposure through media and utilization of social media. Finally, the characteristics of the Taekwondo demonstration culture as a new Hallyu content required culture content production method and expansion of culture content like K-culture. As shown in the above conclusion, globalization of Taekwondo can be rooted all over the world as a sport for everyday life based on the value derived from the spirit of Taekwondo rather than the technique of Taekwondo, together with the adoption of Taekwondo as an Olympic sporting event through sportization of Taekwondo. This was possible because of the role of the Taekwondo demonstration team. In addition, the Taekwondo demonstration area is gradually becoming more publicly friendly due to the dominant values of society as a whole. Therefore, the globalization of the Taekwondo demonstration culture should be settled properly to make the globalized Taekwondo more prominent and to strengthen the Korean culture.

The Role of Kukkiwon(World Taekwondo Headquarter) for the Promotion of Taekwondo

Kim, Yong-Kuk(김용국),Chung, Ye-Soo(정예수) 한국체육과학회 2014 한국체육과학회지 Vol.23 No.3

The purpose of this study is to suggest the appropriate role of the Kukkiwon(World Taekwondo Headquarter) for the promotion of Taekwondo. To do this, various major problems in the sport of Taekwondo were explored and a role of the Kukkiwon for the future promotion of Taekwondo is suggested. As for the research methods, literature analysis of data source was adopted. According to the criteria for literature selection and research process, 28 theses were selected. 28 selected theses were analyzed through triangulation process for classification and categorization. As results, three major problems were identified in each of two categories: domestic Taekwondo and international Taekwondo. The major problems identified in domestic Taekwondo are: lack of uniformity of Taekwondo techniques, educational problems in Taekwondo, and management problems in Taekwondo. Internationally the following major problems are apparent: problems in conducting matches, lack of global contribution, and the duplication or lack of efforts by Taekwondo organizations. Based on these problems, the future roles of the Kukkiwon were listed in order of the importance of the issues: duplicate functions of relevant Taekwondo entities, standardization of terminology, budgeting of government fiduciary business, support for participation in Taekwondo, supporting a competent research staff at the Kukkiwon, adding the Taekwondo journal of the Kukkiwon to the register of academic journals of the National Research Foundation of Korea, developing multimedia content supporting Taekwondo. Lastly, the efforts to establish the identity of the Kukkiwon were stressed and it was suggested that the future of Taekwondo should be approached in terms of convergence and mutual agreement.

The Recognition of TAEKWONDO Demonstration Activities on Safety Management Strategies of TAEKWONDO Gyms in Republic of KOREA

Choi Hwan-suk,Shin Hong-bum J-INSTITUTE 2017 International Journal of Martial Arts Vol.2 No.1

In this study, taekwondo s image and consumer behavior were analyzed in terms of taekwondo image and consumer behaviors in accordance with taekwondo demonstration recognition for risk management and stable management through securing new trainees and continuously participating in taekwondo. And to provide basic data to help establish management strategies. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, 418 questionnaires of visitors to taekwondo demonstration were taken as valid samples. For data processing and statistical methods, frequency analysis was performed for general characterization using SPSS. Cronbach s α coefficient was calculated for the reliability of the question-naire. To classify taekwondo model recognition factor, Taekwondo chapter image factor, and consumer behavior factor for factor analysis. In order to examine the relationship between the variables, correlation analysis was conducted. Multiple re-gression analysis was used to examine the effect of taekwondo pilot recognition factor on the image factor and consumer behavior factor of taekwondo (significance level .05). The following conclusions were obtained through this study. The effects of training factors, effect factors, interest factors, and knowledge factors of taekwondo demon-stration recognition were found to affect image factors. The training factors, effect factors, interest factors, and knowledge factors of taekwondo demonstration recognition. And the intention factors of word of mouth. Also, image factor of taekwondo chapter image influenced purchase intention factor and word of mouth intention factor of consumer behavior. Comprehensively, it is important to emphasize the importance of training through demonstration, defeat, and protest in taekwondo, and to present objective and scientific results of physical and mental effects through taekwondo participation. Also, in order to provide general knowledge about taekwondo and knowledge about taekwondo, it is necessary to make and distribute relevant books, research materials and images so that many people can share their knowledge. If these activities are carried out, the taekwondo director s education program, the trainees training style and training skills, and the atmosphere of the taekwondo dojo will be noticed, which will have a positive effect on the image of the painting. Finally, together we will contribute to the revitalization of management.

미국 태권도장 환경변화에 따른 수련프로그램의 변화 양상

김두한(Kim, Doo-Han),김하영(Kim, Ha-Young) 한국체육과학회 2014 한국체육과학회지 Vol.23 No.6

Taekwondo, which was originated from Republic of Korea, has developed as martial arts sports practiced in 206 countries in the world according to World Taekwondo Federation (WTF, 2013). Taekwondo has been consistently recognized by Taekwondo trainees all over the world as competitive sports and also as life-time sports by forming psychological, physical, social, educational, and martial value mean while. Such an international spread and development of Taekwondo was due to the fact that there was vitalizations of international spread centrally in the North American region together with an innovation in the domestic technical system of Taekwondo. Considering the aspect that Taekwondo has been spread and developed, it seems like that there will be a continuous extension of practicing environment of Taekwondo in the North American region in the future. Therefore, this research aimed to have a detailed look at the management environment of Taekwondo gyms at the present, and at the same time, to study the changing aspects of the training programs of Taekwondo gym in the United States. Thus, the conclusion of this study is as follows. First, the Taekwondo gyms in the United states today are changing from the place for teaching martial arts to the platform for the educational service. Second, parent, in the United States are getting aware of that Taekwondo has an effect on the personality education of children and youth. Third, the Taekwondo gyms in the United States made a distinction between a training program for adult trainees and the other one for children and youth trainees, and operates vitalizations of both two sectors at the same time. Fourth, there is an increasing importance of programs for children and youth, and this phenomena copies or develops the form of educational service of Taekwondo gyms in Korea. When closely look at the result of this research, it is considered that there is a need to prepare the effective educational programs for Taekwondo masters, who are educated domestically, for them to go overseas.

선교로서 태권도의 역할 요인 분석

이정기(Lee, Jeong-Gi),최근기(Choi, Keun-Ki),김공(Kim, Kong) 한국체육과학회 2015 한국체육과학회지 Vol.24 No.1

The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of taekwondo as missions through taekwondo missionaries’ opinions. The conclusions of this study were as follows. First, according to the results of analyzing the role of taekwondo as missions through taekwondo missionaries’ opinions, there appeared a total of 3 types, which were named ‘the type of active publicity through diversifying taekwondo missions(I)’,‘the type of settlement through taekwondo missions’, and ‘the type of active publicity through diversifying taekwondo missions(Ⅱ)’. There were similarities in the factors which taekwondo missionaries pursue subjectively according to each type. Second, according to the results of analyzing the differences between types, in the differences between ‘the type of active publicity through diversifying taekwondo missions(I)’ as Type I and ‘the type of settlement through taekwondo missions’ as Type Ⅱ,‘overcoming social status and racial discrimination’ was a typical positive factor, whereas ‘promoting the exchange and amity between countries’ was a typical negative factor. In the differences between ‘the type of active publicity through diversifying taekwondo missions(I)’ as Type I and ‘the type of active publicity through diversifying taekwondo missions(Ⅱ)’ as Type Ⅲ, ‘building the mission network between countries and extending bases’ was a typical positive factor, whereas ‘communicating gospel easily because of being able to gather the general public together’ was a typical negative factor. In the differences between ‘the type of settlement through taekwondo missions’ as Type Ⅱ and ‘the type of active publicity through diversifying taekwondo missions’ (Ⅱ) as Type Ⅲ,‘promoting the exchange and amity between countries’ was a typical positive factor, whereas ‘overcoming social status and racial discrimination’ was a typical negative factor. Third, according to the results of analyzing the common factors between 3 types, positive consensus factors were ‘presenting the model of taekwondo mission professional ministry’ and ‘heightening and publicizing the images of our country and taekwondo’,whereas negative consensus factors were ‘being utilized as the cultural communication means’ and ‘developing churches in diverse countries and regions’.

태권도 지도자의 지도유형이 수련 효과성에 미치는 영향

이정학(Lee, Jeoung-Hak),김욱기(Kim, Wook-Ki) 경희대학교 스포츠과학연구원 2010 태권도과학 Vol.3 No.2

본 연구는 태권도 지도자의 지도유형이 수련 효과성에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 효율적 태권도장 운영 및 지도를 위한 수련생의 수련 효과수준을 이해하고 태권도 지도자의 지도방법 및 지도자 유형을 통해 태권도 지도개선 방안 모색을 위한 기초자료를 제공하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 서울, 경기지역을 중심으로 편의표본추출법(Convenience sampling)을 통하여 12개 태권도장을 선정하고 태권도 도장에서 수련하고 있는 수련생 중 초등학교 태권도 수련생을 중심으로 도장 당 30명씩인 총 360명의 설문대상자를 선정하여 총 338부의 최종 유효표본으로 확보하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS/PC ver. 18.0 프로그램을 이용하여 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 태권도 수련생의 학년에 따른 수련 효과성에 대한 차이는 지적효과, 정서적효과, 사회적효과 변인 모두에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 둘째, 태권도 수련생의 수련기간에 따른 수련 효과성에 대한 차이는 정서적 변인에서만 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 셋째, 태권도 수련생의 현급(품)에 따라 수련 효과성에 대한 차이는 정서적 변인에서만 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 넷째, 태권도 지도자의 지도유형과 수련 효과성과 간의 인과관계는 설득형 지도와 참가형 지도유형만이 태권도 수련 효과성에 정적 상관관계를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 태권도 지도자의 지도유형에 따른 수련 효과성에는 참가형지도자와 설득형지도자가 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect on the type of guidance of a Taekwondo coach regarding the effectiveness in training, to understand the level of effect in training of a trainee to operate and guide an efficient Taekwondo training hall, and to provide the basic data to pursue a plan to improve a guidance of Taekwondo through a guidance method for Taekwondo coach and a type of coach. To achieve such a purpose, in terms of a survey subject, the author selected 12 Taekwondo training halls through the convenience sampling method in Seoul and Kyung-gi region and selected 360 trainees in total as the subject for questionnaire with 30 trainees per training hall among Taekwondo trainees in elementary schools among the trainees practicing at Taekwondo training hall. The number of effective questionnaires, which passed the error test in questionnaires collected and was used for a final data processing, was 338. The data were analyzed by using the Window SPSS/PC 17.0 program and results are as follow. First, the intellectual effect on the effectiveness in training per school year of Taekwondo trainee showed the significant difference in terms of statistics in all the variables of intellectual effect, emotional effect, and social effect. Second, the difference in the effectiveness in training per training period of Taekwondo trainee showed the significant difference in terms of statistics in emotional effect only. Third, the difference in the effectiveness in training per rank of Taekwondo trainee showed the significant difference in terms of statistics in emotional effect only. Fourth, in terms of the causal sequence between the guidance type of Taekwondo coach and the effectiveness in training, only the persuasion-type guidance and the participation-type guidance had the positive correlation on the effectiveness in training of Taekwondo. Fifth, in terms of the effectiveness in training per guidance type of Taekwondo coach, the participation-type coach and the persuasion-type coach showed the significant effect in terms of statistics.

인성교육을 위한 초등학교 태권도 방과후활동의 실행 전략

김두한(Kim, Doo-Han),김남수(Kim, Nam-Soo),김하영(Kim, Ha-Young) 한국체육과학회 2015 한국체육과학회지 Vol.24 No.4

영어 초록 This research aims at examining the strategies for minimizing conflicts between students and the Taekwondo gyms, under the context of increased demand for after-school Taekwondo programs for enhanced humanity education through the means of Taekwondo training for elementary school students. The result of the research distills down to the following principles. The objective and purpose of the after-school Taekwondo programs are to elevate the practice of humanity education through Taekwondo and complement the existing physical education activities. The foremost problem in the current program was the conflict of interest between schools and existing gyms in the same locality. Next was the concern surrounding the quality of the Taekwondo program under the school’s poorly equipped facilities. Therefore, the following strategies are presented to confront the abovementioned backgrounds. First, create a Taekwondo training program as part of the after-school elementary classes, while restricting its link with rank and promotion. Second, limit the operation hours of the training program so as to differ from privately owned Taekwondo gym facilities. Third, provide the necessary equipment for training sponsored by local Taekwondo associations, thereby maintaining the positive image of Taekwondo. Fourth, obtain and maintain each student’s training records for ease of transfer to the Taekwondo gyms from the after-school program. Fifth, grant the opportunity for students who have completed the after-school program to be tested and promoted in an expedited manner if and when they join the local gyms. Sixth, seek recommendations from the local Taekwondo associations in hiring the instructors for the after-school program. The future of Taekwondo lies not on the short-term profit of the gyms. Increasing the overall Taekwondo population and encouraging the continued education of the learners are of pivotal importance. More studies should be conducted to encourage the after-school programs to become a positive, rather than negative, factor to the local Taekwondo facilities.