Research on the Difficulty of 9th Level Dan Promotion Test of Taekwondo

Seongkon Choi,Hyoungkeun Oh J-INSTITUTE 2022 International Journal of Martial Arts Vol.7 No.1

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the essential Poomsae difficulty of Taekwondo 9th level Dan promotion test with the awareness of the problem. This will help standardize the Taekwondo curriculum in order to meet the Taekwondo education goals pursued by the Kukkiwon, the headquarters of the World Taekwondo. Method: The literature research and in-depth interviews with people to be tested were performed to analyze the difficulty of essential Poomsae of Taekwondo 9th Dan promotion test. Results: As a result of questioning and analyzing the level of difficulty of the 9th level Dan promotion winner, it was concluded that the level of difficulty of Illyo Poomsae of the 9th level Dan promotion test is not appropriate. Courses to be completed for Color and Black Belts must comply with the completion time of the essential course and the selection course. Basic courses for Black Belt (Poomsae, breaking, sparring, and KTA personality) must be completed as mandatory courses, and in-depth courses (KTA self-defence techniques, KTA practical hand skills, and KTA core exercises) must be assigned. Conclusion: It is thought that Taekwondo 9th level Dan, the highest stage of the competition held at the Kuk-kiwon of the World Taekwondo Headquarters, should be educated to learn, guide, and evaluate Taekwondo ac-cording to the standard curriculum. However, the standardized Taekwondo curriculum should be distributed in consideration of the current Taekwondo training population, where the standardized Taekwondo curriculum has not been established. Taekwondo leaders will contribute to the educational use of Taekwondo by analyzing the essential Poomsae and curriculum of Taekwondo 9th level Dan promotion test and presenting the evaluation rules based on the Taekwondo standard curriculum.

선교로서 태권도의 역할 요인 분석

이정기(Lee, Jeong-Gi),최근기(Choi, Keun-Ki),김공(Kim, Kong) 한국체육과학회 2015 한국체육과학회지 Vol.24 No.1

The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of taekwondo as missions through taekwondo missionaries’ opinions. The conclusions of this study were as follows. First, according to the results of analyzing the role of taekwondo as missions through taekwondo missionaries’ opinions, there appeared a total of 3 types, which were named ‘the type of active publicity through diversifying taekwondo missions(I)’,‘the type of settlement through taekwondo missions’, and ‘the type of active publicity through diversifying taekwondo missions(Ⅱ)’. There were similarities in the factors which taekwondo missionaries pursue subjectively according to each type. Second, according to the results of analyzing the differences between types, in the differences between ‘the type of active publicity through diversifying taekwondo missions(I)’ as Type I and ‘the type of settlement through taekwondo missions’ as Type Ⅱ,‘overcoming social status and racial discrimination’ was a typical positive factor, whereas ‘promoting the exchange and amity between countries’ was a typical negative factor. In the differences between ‘the type of active publicity through diversifying taekwondo missions(I)’ as Type I and ‘the type of active publicity through diversifying taekwondo missions(Ⅱ)’ as Type Ⅲ, ‘building the mission network between countries and extending bases’ was a typical positive factor, whereas ‘communicating gospel easily because of being able to gather the general public together’ was a typical negative factor. In the differences between ‘the type of settlement through taekwondo missions’ as Type Ⅱ and ‘the type of active publicity through diversifying taekwondo missions’ (Ⅱ) as Type Ⅲ,‘promoting the exchange and amity between countries’ was a typical positive factor, whereas ‘overcoming social status and racial discrimination’ was a typical negative factor. Third, according to the results of analyzing the common factors between 3 types, positive consensus factors were ‘presenting the model of taekwondo mission professional ministry’ and ‘heightening and publicizing the images of our country and taekwondo’,whereas negative consensus factors were ‘being utilized as the cultural communication means’ and ‘developing churches in diverse countries and regions’.

인성교육을 위한 초등학교 태권도 방과후활동의 실행 전략

김두한(Kim, Doo-Han),김남수(Kim, Nam-Soo),김하영(Kim, Ha-Young) 한국체육과학회 2015 한국체육과학회지 Vol.24 No.4

영어 초록 This research aims at examining the strategies for minimizing conflicts between students and the Taekwondo gyms, under the context of increased demand for after-school Taekwondo programs for enhanced humanity education through the means of Taekwondo training for elementary school students. The result of the research distills down to the following principles. The objective and purpose of the after-school Taekwondo programs are to elevate the practice of humanity education through Taekwondo and complement the existing physical education activities. The foremost problem in the current program was the conflict of interest between schools and existing gyms in the same locality. Next was the concern surrounding the quality of the Taekwondo program under the school’s poorly equipped facilities. Therefore, the following strategies are presented to confront the abovementioned backgrounds. First, create a Taekwondo training program as part of the after-school elementary classes, while restricting its link with rank and promotion. Second, limit the operation hours of the training program so as to differ from privately owned Taekwondo gym facilities. Third, provide the necessary equipment for training sponsored by local Taekwondo associations, thereby maintaining the positive image of Taekwondo. Fourth, obtain and maintain each student’s training records for ease of transfer to the Taekwondo gyms from the after-school program. Fifth, grant the opportunity for students who have completed the after-school program to be tested and promoted in an expedited manner if and when they join the local gyms. Sixth, seek recommendations from the local Taekwondo associations in hiring the instructors for the after-school program. The future of Taekwondo lies not on the short-term profit of the gyms. Increasing the overall Taekwondo population and encouraging the continued education of the learners are of pivotal importance. More studies should be conducted to encourage the after-school programs to become a positive, rather than negative, factor to the local Taekwondo facilities.

인문,사회과학편 : 한국 태권도 영화의 시대별 변화와 특성

김이슬(YiSeulKim),김주연(JooYounKim) 한국체육학회 2014 한국체육학회지 Vol.53 No.5

The cultural aspect of Taekwondo is receiving very positive response as well with its popular cultural elements. Specially, movies on Taekwondo started receiving attention since the Taekwondo competition started to progress in 1960’s. The Taekwondo movies spread to the public while exhibiting various characteristics from 1960’s to 2000’s and became a cultural connecting link for Taekwondo to interact with the public. The chronological history process and characteristics of Korean Taekwondo culture examined through the flow of Taekwondo movie are as follows. First, the Taekwondo movie was first introduced in 1960’s. Secondly, the Taekwondo movies were a box office hit in 1970’s. As total 17 Taekwondo movies were produced in 1970’s alone, the box office success of Taekwondo movies reached its peak along with the popularity of Taekwondo. Thirdly, the Taekwondo movies of 1980’s became invigorated under the influence of the development of Taekwondo game as a demonstration sport in the 1988 Seoul Olympics. Fourthly, Taekwondo became a daily life sport in 1990’s, the number of children trainees increased and Taekwondo movies chose themes for children as the main topic. Fifthly, the Taekwondo movies in 2000’s directly suggested the humanistic educational aspect.

태권도 관련기관의 의무론

김지혁,유호윤 한국체육철학회 2009 움직임의철학 : 한국체육철학회지 Vol.17 No.3

This researcher has examined the philosophical understanding, and the function and responsibility of Taekwondo-related organizations such as Kukkiwon, World Taekwondo Federation, Korea Taekwondo Association, and Taekwondo Promotion Foundation. Furthermore, this research intends to focus on the direction of policy in relation to the duty and responsibility of each organization. It is not the intention of the research to determine the righteousness; rather it is the argument that the Taekwondo-related organizations have the dutiful regard and change of such consideration. Particularly in determining the responsibility, one must perform on the subjective rationality in the realm of Kant’s critique of practical reason. Even though the advisement of direction of policy ethics may be overwhelming, the researcher wishes for the organizations to use this research as an essential resource. This research conclusively offers the following as the duty for each organization: Kukkiwon as the administration of promotion test, Taekwondo research, and marketing, Korea Taekwondo Association as the Taekwondo motherland’s general operation and competition body, World Taekwondo Federation as the world competition and management of Taekwondo skill provisions, and the Taekwondo Promotion Foundation as the management of Taekwondo industry and the development and operation of Taekwondo Park. This, of course, is the researcher’s conclusively approach to the division of duty for the Taekwondo-related organizations. Nevertheless the four Taekwondo-related organizations must explicitly and clearly divide their duties for the imperative need of this martial art to accepted and appreciated as the cosmopolitan sport. 본 연구는 의무론(義務論)에 대한 철학적 해석과 태권도 관련기관(국기원, 세계태권도연맹, 대한태권도협회, 태권도진흥재단)의 기능 및 역할에 대해 살펴보았다. 따라서 결론적으로 태권도 관련기관 각 단체의 역할과 의무론적 의미를 둔 정책의 방향성에 초점을 두고자 한다. 그러나 연구자의 의도는 각 단체의 잘잘못을 논하기 위함이 아니라 본문에서 제시한 의무론의 논거를 통해 태권도 관련기관이 의무론적 사고를 지녀야한다는 사고의 변화를 위한 동기유발 차원의 목적을 두고 있다. 특히 의무를 규정하는 보편적인 형식이 칸트가 언급한 것처럼 “너의 의지(주관적인)의 준칙이 항상 동시에 보편적인(객관적인) 법칙 수립의 원리로서 타당할 수 있도록, 그렇게 행동하라”는 실천 법칙의 원칙처럼 의무 자체는 당사자의 주관적인 이성에 의해 행해지는 것이다. 때문에 연구자가 정책윤리의 방향성을 제시하는 것 그 자체에 다소 무리가 있을지라도 각 태권도 관련기관에서 변화를 위한 근본 자료로 활용되었으면 한다. 즉 국기원은 세계인의 태권도 본산으로서의 승단심사 업무와 태권도 연구 및 홍보, 태권도 모국의 태권도 전반업무와 경기단체로서의 대한태권도협회, 세계 각국을 대상으로 하는 태권도 국제경기의 운영과 태권도 기술보급의 역할로서의 세계태권도연맹, 정부의 정책전달 중재기관으로서, 그리고 태권도 산업과 태권도공원의 설립 및 운영에 관한 업무는 태권도진흥재단의 역할로 분담하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 사료된다. 물론 이 연구에서 논의한 내용은 연구자 개인의 역할분담론일 수 있다. 그러나 무도스포츠로서 전 세계인의 사랑을 받는 태권도가 되기 위해서는 태권도 관련기관 4자간의 명쾌한 역할 분담만이 절대적인 명제임을 인식해야 할 것이다.

인문,사회과학편 : 태권도사(跆拳道史) 속의 왜곡된 이데올로기: 반일주의, 반공주의, 종주국주의를 중심으로

김주연(JooYounKim) 한국체육학회 2009 한국체육학회지 Vol.48 No.2

The objective of this paper considered about the distorted Ideology in Taekwondo History, especially focused on Anti-Japanesism, Anticommunism, Suzerainism. Firstly, anti-Japanesism as Taekwondo Ideology rejected connection related between Taekwondo to Japanese Karate. Anti-Japanesism was arranged system for Korean style nationalism. Secoondly, Anticommunism in Korean history was called also 'Red-Complex'. Anticommunism as Taekwondo Ideology come out competition between ITF(International Taekwondo Federation) to WTF(World Taekwondo Federation), and also general Choi Hong Hi in overseas. Anticommunism as Taekwondo Ideology is still in Korea, because Korean is called usually 'North Korean Taekwondo' instead of ITF. Thirdly, suzerainism as Taekwondo Ideology was based on national confidence. Now Korea Taekwondo has responsibility for the fulfilment of obligations better than promotion of the authority of the Taekwondo suzerain.

미국 태권도장 환경변화에 따른 수련프로그램의 변화 양상

김두한(Kim, Doo-Han),김하영(Kim, Ha-Young) 한국체육과학회 2014 한국체육과학회지 Vol.23 No.6

Taekwondo, which was originated from Republic of Korea, has developed as martial arts sports practiced in 206 countries in the world according to World Taekwondo Federation (WTF, 2013). Taekwondo has been consistently recognized by Taekwondo trainees all over the world as competitive sports and also as life-time sports by forming psychological, physical, social, educational, and martial value mean while. Such an international spread and development of Taekwondo was due to the fact that there was vitalizations of international spread centrally in the North American region together with an innovation in the domestic technical system of Taekwondo. Considering the aspect that Taekwondo has been spread and developed, it seems like that there will be a continuous extension of practicing environment of Taekwondo in the North American region in the future. Therefore, this research aimed to have a detailed look at the management environment of Taekwondo gyms at the present, and at the same time, to study the changing aspects of the training programs of Taekwondo gym in the United States. Thus, the conclusion of this study is as follows. First, the Taekwondo gyms in the United states today are changing from the place for teaching martial arts to the platform for the educational service. Second, parent, in the United States are getting aware of that Taekwondo has an effect on the personality education of children and youth. Third, the Taekwondo gyms in the United States made a distinction between a training program for adult trainees and the other one for children and youth trainees, and operates vitalizations of both two sectors at the same time. Fourth, there is an increasing importance of programs for children and youth, and this phenomena copies or develops the form of educational service of Taekwondo gyms in Korea. When closely look at the result of this research, it is considered that there is a need to prepare the effective educational programs for Taekwondo masters, who are educated domestically, for them to go overseas.

The Role of Kukkiwon(World Taekwondo Headquarter) for the Promotion of Taekwondo

Kim, Yong-Kuk(김용국),Chung, Ye-Soo(정예수) 한국체육과학회 2014 한국체육과학회지 Vol.23 No.3

The purpose of this study is to suggest the appropriate role of the Kukkiwon(World Taekwondo Headquarter) for the promotion of Taekwondo. To do this, various major problems in the sport of Taekwondo were explored and a role of the Kukkiwon for the future promotion of Taekwondo is suggested. As for the research methods, literature analysis of data source was adopted. According to the criteria for literature selection and research process, 28 theses were selected. 28 selected theses were analyzed through triangulation process for classification and categorization. As results, three major problems were identified in each of two categories: domestic Taekwondo and international Taekwondo. The major problems identified in domestic Taekwondo are: lack of uniformity of Taekwondo techniques, educational problems in Taekwondo, and management problems in Taekwondo. Internationally the following major problems are apparent: problems in conducting matches, lack of global contribution, and the duplication or lack of efforts by Taekwondo organizations. Based on these problems, the future roles of the Kukkiwon were listed in order of the importance of the issues: duplicate functions of relevant Taekwondo entities, standardization of terminology, budgeting of government fiduciary business, support for participation in Taekwondo, supporting a competent research staff at the Kukkiwon, adding the Taekwondo journal of the Kukkiwon to the register of academic journals of the National Research Foundation of Korea, developing multimedia content supporting Taekwondo. Lastly, the efforts to establish the identity of the Kukkiwon were stressed and it was suggested that the future of Taekwondo should be approached in terms of convergence and mutual agreement.

태권도 정신의 실증적 근거로서 우당 홍종수의 태권도 사상과 실천적 생애

김영선 국기원 2024 국기원태권도연구 Vol.15 No.1

태권도계 핵심인사였던 우당 홍종수의 태권도 사상과 실천적 생애를 고찰함으로써 태권도 정신의 실증적 근거를 확립하고 태권도의 정신적 가치를 높이는 것이다. 연구 방법은 다큐멘타리 연구와 문헌 고찰이 병행되었다. 최근 국기원이 수립한 태권도 정신과 5대 덕목의 관점에서 우당 홍종수가 작성한 일기, 기고문, 인터뷰 기사 등 자료에 근거하여 관련 주제를 고찰하였다. 첫째, 우당은 ‘무경일체’ 이념을 개진했다. 즉 태권도가 경기 스포츠를 지향함에 따라 무예적 특성과 정신적 가치 증진에도 역점을 두자는 취지였다. 둘째, 우당은 홍익인간을 태권도의 정신적 바탕으로 삼고 그 실천 덕목인 사회 봉사를 몸소 실행했다. 셋째, 우당의 도덕적 품성과 자기계발적 노력은 태권도의 정신 요인인 도덕성과 극기, 용기, 인내의 의지력과 밀접히 연관되었다. 아울러 예의와 정의(正義) 덕목도 우당의 태권도 인생에서 올바른 행위의 준거(準據)로 중요시되었다. 이 같은 우당의 사상과 행적은 ‘바람직한 태권도인 상(像)’의 모범 사례로 꼽힐 수 있다. 우당의 사상과 실천적 생애는 태권도 정신 이론의 실증적 근거로 규정할 수 있다. 아울러 그것은 태권도의 인성교육에도 활용될 수 있는 원천적 지식이나 실천 사례로서도 큰 의미를 지닌다. This thesis examines the Taekwondo thought and practical life pursued by Woodang Chong-Soo Hong who pioneered Taekwondo and made a big breakthrough in its development. Through this, the purpose of the study is to establish an empirical basis for the theory of Taekwondo spirit and to increase the mental value of Taekwondo. As for the research method, documentary research and literature review were conducted in parallel. Related topics were reviewed based on data such as his diaries, articles written by Chong-Soo Hong and interview articles from the perspective of the spirit and five virtues of Taekwondo recently established by Kukkiwon. First, Woodang promoted the ideology of the Moogyeong-Ilche. In other words, it was intended to focus on improving the characteristics of martial arts and mental values as Taekwondo aims for competitive sports. Second, Woodang practiced social service using Hongik-Ingan as the spiritual basis of Taekwondo. Third, Woodang's moral character and self-developmental efforts were closely related to morality and the willpower such as courage and endurance, which are the mental factors of Taekwondo. In addition, the virtues of courtesy and justice were regarded as important as the basis for desirable behavior in Woodang's Taekwondo life. Woodang's thoughts and deeds can be regarded as an exemplary example of a 'desirable Taekwondoist image'. Woodang's thoughts and practical life can be defined as an empirical basis for Taekwondo's spiritual theory. In addition, it is of great significance as a fundamental knowledge and practice case that can be used in Taekwondo's character education.

학교체육 보완프로그램 운영을 통한 태권도장의 경영성과

김두한 ( Kim Doo-han ),이도희 ( Lee Do-heui ),김병식 ( Kim Byung-shik ) 한국체육대학교 체육과학연구소 2018 스포츠사이언스 Vol.35 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of taekwondo-gym through the operation of school physical education supplement program which Taekwondo-gym uses. The participants selected by the expert group were four master in mangement of Taekwondo-gym in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do which had more than 200 students and had at least 5 years of school physical education supplement program. The results of this study were collected by using in-depth interviews. Taekwondo-Gym's management performance to be achieved through the school physical education supplement program is as follows. First, the promotion of parental referrals. Second, securing comparative competitiveness with other Taekwondo-gym. Third, maintaining existing trainees. Fourth, securing new trainees by existing trainees.Taekwondo-gym provides supplementary programs for school physical education in addition to the Taekwondo training program because it gives priority to the economic profit generation of Taekwondo master in management. The important thing is that the public demand for sports and the changes in the times and environments that are similar to it are very fast for Taekwondo-gym to imply that the implementation of school physical education supplement program undermines Taekwondo's legitimacy. Therefore, if Taekwondo-gym provides a supplementary program for school physical education, it should be accompanied by research and industrial efforts on how to return such generated profits to the development of Taekwondo.