정상발과 평발에서의 목말밑 관절가동범위와 등쪽굽힘근의 근활성도 비교

고은경 ( Eun-kyung Koh ),정도영 ( Do-young Jung ) 대한물리의학회 2018 대한물리의학회지 Vol.13 No.2

PURPOSE: The imbalance of pretibial muscles can be a factor contributing to the development of pes planus. However, no study has yet compared the muscle activity of the tibials anterior (TA) to that of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL). The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are differences in the electromyographic (EMG) TA and EDL amplitude indexes (AIs) between normal and pes planus feet. METHODS: A total of 14 subjects with normal feet and 15 subjects with bilateral pes planus participated in this study. TA and EDL muscle activities were measured using a wireless EMG system and the angles of ankle dorsiflexion and eversion of the subtalar joint were measured using a universal goniometer during active ankle dorsiflexion in the prone position. AI was calculated as follows: amplitude_TA- amplitude_EDL / (amplitude_TA+amplitude_EDL) / 2×100. RESULTS: The AIs of the TA and EDL were significantly lower in pes planus feet than in normal feet (p<.05). The angle of subtalar eversion was significantly greater in pes planus feet than in normal feet during active ankle dorsiflexon (p< .05). However, there was no significant difference in the angle of ankle dorsiflexion between normal feet and pes planus feet (p >.05). CONCLUSION: This study showed that TA muscle activation was lower in pes planus feet than in normal feet, resulting from greater eversion range of motion during active ankle dorsiflexion. We suggest that the imbalance of ankle dorsiflexors must be considered in pes planus management.

편평족의 환자 맞춤형 인솔 보조기가 양발속도에 미치는 영향

민경기,박광용,박승환 한국재활복지공학회 2008 재활복지공학회논문지 Vol.2 No.1

Pes planus is a condition where the arch of the foot collapses and comes in contact with the ground. The purpose of study was to confirm the effect of a patient-customized insole on both feet velocity of pes planus with and without the insole, in order to establish both feet velocity as a rehabilitation evaluation factor of pes planus in future. As a result, the average velocity shifts of both feet showed that left foot is 2.96%, right foot is 1.09% via gait experiment with 13 pes planus patients with and without insole. Therefore this study verified that the patient-customized insole effects on both feet velocity of pes planus. However further study needs to demonstrate both feet velocity as a rehabilitation evaluation factor in pes planus.

편평족의 환자 맞춤형 인솔 보조기가 양발속도에 미치는 영향

민경기(K. K. Min),박광용(K. Y. Park),박승환(S. H. Park) 한국재활복지공학회 2009 재활복지공학회논문지 Vol.2 No.1

편평족은 발의 족궁이 무너지거나 지면에 닿는 상태이다. 본 연구의 목적은 환자 맞춤형 인솔 보조기의 착용 전과 후가 편평족 환자의 양발속도에 미치는 영향을 확증하는 것이다. 그리고 이를 통하여 편평족 환자의 양발의 속도변화를 향후 편평족의 재활을 평가하기 위한 인자로 설정하고자 하였다. 연구결과는 13명의 편평족 환자의 인솔 착용 전과 후에 대하여 보행실험을 실시한 결과에서 양발의 평균속도 추이는 왼발이 2.96%,오른발이 1.09%로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과는 환자 맞춤형 인솔이 편평족의 양발속도에 영향을 미침을 입증하였다. 그러나 양발속도를 편평족의 재활을 평가하기 위한 인자로 설정하기 위해서는 향후 더 많은 연구가 필요하다. Pes planus is a condition where the arch of the root collapses and comes in contact with the ground. The purpose of study was to confirm the effect of a patient-customized insole on both feet velocity of pes planus with and without the insole, in order to establish both feet velocity as a rehabilitation evaluation factor of pes planus in future. As a result, the average velocity shifts of both feet showed that left foot is 2.96%,right foot is 1.09% via gait experiment with 13 pes planus patients with and without insole. Therefore this study verified that the patient-customized insole effects on both feet velocity of pes planus. However further study needs to demonstrate both feet velocity as a rehabilitation evaluation factor in pes planus.

The Effects of Foot Intrinsic Muscle and Tibialis Posterior Strengthening Exercise on Plantar Pressure and Dynamic Balance in Adults Flexible Pes Planus

Da-bee Lee,Jong-duk Choi 한국전문물리치료학회 2016 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.23 No.4

Background: In previous studies regarding flexible pes planus, Foot orthosis, special shoes have been used as interventions for correcting malalignment and intrinsic muscles strengthening exercise have been regarded as interventions for foot function and supporting medial longitudinal arch during walking. However, some recent studies reported that strengthening extrinsic muscles as well as intrinsic muscles is more effective and active intervention for flexible pes planus. In particular, the tibialis posterior muscle of foot extrinsic muscles plays essential roles in maintaining the medial longitudinal arch during dynamic weight bearing and balance. In addition this muscle acts longer than other supination muscles during the stance phase in the gait cycle. Objects: This study aimed to investigate the effect of foot intrinsic muscle and tibialis posterior muscle strengthening exercise for plantar pressure and dynamic balance in adults with flexible pes planus. Methods: 16 young flexible pes planus adults (7 males, 9 females) were recruited and were randomized into two groups. The experimental group performed foot intrinsic muscle and tibialis posterior muscle strengthening training, the control group performed only foot intrinsic muscle strengthening training. All groups received strengthening training for 30 minutes five times a week for six weeks. Results: The experimental group had significantly lower plantar pressure of medial heel area than the control group in stand (p<.05). The experimental group had significantly higher dynamic balance ability than control group (p<.05). Conclusion: The results of this study provide evidence to suggest that foot intrinsic muscle and tibialis posterior muscle of extrinsic muscle strengthening exercises may improve plantar pressure distribution and dynamic balance ability in adults with flexible pes planus.

Validity and Reliability of Digital Navicular Drop Equipment in Young People with and without Pes Planus

이상열,박두진 KEMA학회 2023 근골격계과학기술학회 Vol.7 No.2

Background The navicular drop test (NDT) is clinically useful, but its reliability varies depending on the examiner’s skill. As an alternative, digital navicular drop test equipment (D-NDT) has been developed, but it needs to be validated. Purpose This study investigated the diagnostic validity and inter-rater reliability of D-NDT in adults with and without pes planus. Study design A case–control study. Methods We enrolled 52 participants: 26 with normal feet and 26 with pes planus. To assess the diagnostic validity of the D-NDT, all participants randomly underwent the NDT and used the D-NDT at least three times. Three raters assessed the reliability of the D-NDT based on the data for 10 participants randomly selected from each group. Results The correlation between the NDT and D-NDT grades was good in the normal (p<0.001, r=0.650) and pes planus (p<0.001, r=0.740) groups. The inter-rater reliability of the total D-NDT grade was good (ICC2,1=0.702) in the normal group and excellent (ICC2,1=0.773) in the pes planus group. Conclusions D-NDT showed high diagnostic validity, with excellent inter-rater reliability for participants with pes planus.

테이핑 방법에 따른 유연성 평발의 족저압 및 보행 특성 변화

김종순 대한고유수용성신경근촉진법학회 2022 PNF and Movement Vol.20 No.2

Purpose: Pes planus is a common foot deformity that involves the loss of the medial longitudinal arch. The medial longitudinal arch deformity is usually asymptomatic; however, it can lead to an increased risk of pain and injury. Low-Dye taping is designed to treat plantar heel pain and pes planus. However, low-Dye taping is relatively complex, and a considerable amount of time is required to apply the tape correctly. The purpose of this study was to compare the acute effect of two different types of taping (low-Dye taping and modified Mulligan taping) on arch reformation, plantar pressure, and gait characteristics in participants with asymptomatic flexible pes planus. Methods: Twenty subjects (9 males and 11 females; mean age = 21.95 years) with asymptomatic flexible pes planus voluntarily participated in this study. Arch reformation was evaluated using navicular height measurements. Changes in plantar pressure distribution were measured using BioRecue equipment. Gait parameters were measured using spatiotemporal data collected during consecutive gait cycles using a G-WALK device. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the three different conditions (i.e., bare foot, low-Dye taping, and modified Mulligan taping) for each variable. Results: Navicular height was significantly increased in subjects who underwent the two types of taping compared to those who experienced the bare foot condition. The plantar pressure was significantly shifted to the posterolateral area after modified Mulligan taping compared with the bare foot condition. There were no significant differences in the gait parameters. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that modified Mulligan taping has a similar effect to low-Dye taping, and modified Mulligan taping is a simpler method than low-Dye taping.

Comparison of Foot Muscle Activity During Short Foot and Toe Spread-out Exercises in Different Weight Bearing Conditions in Individuals With Pes Planus

Lee Hyun-ji,Kim Sae-hwa,Baik Seung-Min,Cynn Heon-Seock 한국전문물리치료학회 2024 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.31 No.1

Background: Individuals with pes planus tend to overuse the extrinsic foot muscles, such as the tibialis anterior (TA) and peroneus longus (PL), to compensate for the weakened intrinsic foot muscles, such as the abductor hallucis (AbdH). Furthermore, differences in weight-bearing can affect the activity of muscles in both the intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscles. To date, no study has compared the effects of the short foot exercise (SFE) and toe spread-out exercise (TSO) on intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscle activity and the corresponding ratios in different weight-bearing positions. Objects: To compare the effects of the SFE and TSO on AbdH, TA, and PL activity and the AbdH/TA and AbdH/PL activity ratios in the sitting and standing positions in individuals with pes planus. Methods: Twenty participants with pes planus were recruited. Surface electromyography was used to assess the amplitudes of AbdH, TA, and PL activity. Participants performed both exercises while adopting both the sitting and standing positions. Results: No significant interaction between exercise and position was found regarding the activity of any muscle or ratio of the activity, except for PL activity. We observed a significant increase in AbdH activity during the TSO compared to the SFE, and no significant difference in TA and PL activity between the two exercises. AbdH, TA, and PL activity were significantly higher in the standing position than in the sitting position. Furthermore, the AbdH/PL activity ratio significantly increased in the sitting position, although there was a significant increase in AbdH activity in the standing position. Conclusion: In individuals with pes planus, we recommend performing the TSO in the sitting position, which may increase the activity of the AbdH while concurrently decreasing the activity of the TA and PL, thus strengthening the AbdH.

수정된 리버스 식스 테이핑 적용이 편평족의 균형과 보행에 미치는 영향 - 사전연구

양성화,신영일,이준용,Yang, Seong-hwa,Shin, Young-il,Lee, Jun-young 대한정형도수물리치료학회 2016 대한정형도수물리치료학회지 Vol.22 No.1

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of modified reverse-six taping on the balance and gait performance in Pes Planus. Methods: A total of twelve subjects (4 males, 8 females) in Pes Planus participated in this study. Navicular drop test was used to evaluate Pes Planus. Balance performance(anterior-posterior; A-P, medial-lateral; M-L), overall) was evaluated using the Biodex balance system in two difference condition(no-taping, with reverse-six taping). Gait performance (cadence, velocity) was evaluated using GAITRite System in two difference condition (no-taping, with reverse-six taping). Results: There were significant improvements of A-P and overall in the balance performance after using reverse-six taping (p<.05). there was no significant improvements of M-L balance performance. and, there were no statistical difference of cadence and velocity in the gait performance after using reverse-six taping. Conclusions: This study found that modified reverse-six taping in Pes Planus was improve the balance performance. but dose not affect the gait performance.

50~60대 평발 여성의 컴프레션 팬츠 개발을 위한 착용자 필요 조사

이소정 ( Sojung Lee ),김동은 ( Dong-eun Kim ) 한국의류학회 2017 한국의류학회지 Vol.41 No.3

This study examined user needs for compression pant development for women with pes planus in their 50s and 60s. A total of 355 women aged 50 to 69 participated in the survey and interview. Questions were asked if they had pes planus, the using condition of foot orthotic, inconveniences during gait, and wearing condition of compression pants. The results showed that 42 (11.8%) women had pes planus. Orthotic insole and arch support were used most frequently. The most uncomfortable aspect of foot orthotic (n=146) was that it was difficult to use unless they were going outside. Participants with pes planus responded that they felt discomfort on the inner area of propodium, metatarsus, ankle, and knee during gait. The purchase and wearing rate of compression pants were not high; however, compression pants were purchased with specific needs and purposes. Respondents mainly wore the compression pants for sports activities. M size was the most frequently worn size. They preferred high waist type leggings and there was a need to increase the compression strength of the waist, thigh, knee and ankle. Additionally, the ease of donning and doffing were discussed.

신발의 종류와 발교정구의 착용 유·무가 중학생의 보행에 미치는 영향

김남희,노미영,안선숙 한국여성체육학회 2020 한국여성체육학회지 Vol.34 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 신발의 종류와 발교정구 착용 유·무에 따른 중학생의 보행에 미치는 영향을 규명하는 것이다. 이를 위해 8명의 편평족 중학생을 대상으로 신발 3종(슬리퍼, 크록스, 운동화)과 발교정구 착용 유·무에따른 보행패턴의 즉각적인 효과를 살펴보았다. 이후 6주 간 발교정구를 적용한 후 보행패턴의 지속적인 효과를 검증하였다. 보행패턴을 분석하기 위해 지면반력기(Kissler, Germery)와 E-med(Novel, Germery)를 이용하여지면반력과 족저압력을 측정하였다. 보행 시 신발의 종류와 발교정구의 효과를 비교하기 위해 반복측정 이원분산 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 편평족 중학생의 보행에 있어 지면반력, 무게중심, 좌·우 역적 값은 발교정구 착용의 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났으며 신발의 종류에는 영향을 받지 않았다. 둘째, 신발 종류는 밑창의 경도에 따라 족저압력에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으로 낮은 경도의 밑창을 가진 신발은 족저압력이 중경도의 밑창을 가진 신발보다 더 높게 나타났다. 따라서 발교정구의 효율성을 높이기 위해서는 중경도의 밑창을 가진 신발이 적합하다는 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 이러한 연구결과를 통해 향후 기능성 발교정구를 장착한 신발의 조건을 정형화시키고 현재 나오는 신발 모델들의 발교정구 적합성의 등급을부여할 수 있는 기초자료로 사용될 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of shoe type and foot orthotics(FO) experience on gait for adolescent students with Pes Planus from Seoul City. In pretest, we examined the immediate effect of gait pattern on 8 adolescent student with pes planus with 3 types of shoes(slipper, crocs, sneaker) and with/without foot orthotics. In post-test, we verified effects of foot orthotics after applying the orthodontic foot for 6 weeks. 8 adolescent student with pes planus were evaluated foot type test(RCSP <4°). During Gait, Ground Reaction Force(GRF; F(x), F(y)), Center of Pressure(COP), F(x)Integral, gait time, Plantar Pressure(PP) were measured. Statistical analysis was performed with Repeated two-way ANOVA via IBM SPSS 22.0 version. As the result, First, in the Gait of adolscent student, GRF(x), GRF(y), COP, F(x)integral were significantly affected by Foot Orthotics, not Shoe Type. Second, Shoe Type was affected by PP according to the stiffness of outsole. PP was higher for the shoe with low stiffness outsoles than for shoes with over medium stiffness. Therefore, it was concluded that shoes with over medium stiffness outsole are suitable to improve the efficiency of FO. It is expected that This study can be used as a basic data to standardize the conditions of Footwear to make synergy effect with FO for adolscent student with Pes Planus.