퍼지셋 이상형 분석을 통한 지역관광발전 수준 비교 연구

이현주(Hyun-Ju Lee),박경렬(Gyung-Yeol Park) 한국관광학회 2023 관광학연구 Vol.47 No.5

이 연구는 지역관광발전지수의 결과값을 활용하여 퍼지셋 이상형 분석을 하고, 17개 광역시·도 지역관광발전지수결과를 퍼지 소속 점수화한 후 비교 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 퍼지셋 이상형 분석은 다양한 이상형에 소속된 정도와 수준을 확인할 수 있으며, 각 이상형에 포함된 소속 점수의 크기도 상대적으로 비교할 수 있다. 문화체육관광부의 지역관광발전지수 영역으로 제시된 관광수용력, 관광소비력 및 관광정책역량을 이용하여 분석하였다. 17개 광역시·도 지역관광발전 3가지 범주(관광수용력, 관광소비력 및 관광정책역량)는 8개의 퍼지셋 이상형으로 유형화되었고, 3가지 범주가 모두높은 이상형 유형인 CAP*SPE*POL(Ⅰ유형)에는 전남(0.77222), 강원(0.63537), 경기(0.58426), 제주(0.56939), 경북(0.54878) 및 충남(0.50000)이 포함되었다. 반면, 3가지 범주가 모두 낮은 이상형 유형인 cap*spe*pol(Ⅷ유형)에는 대전(0.93826), 대구(0.86454), 광주(0.86438), 세종(0.86152), 울산(0.73138) 및 부산(0.54422)이 포함되었다. 17개 광역시·도중 35.3%(6개 시도)는 긍정 범주인 Ⅰ유형에 35.3%(6개 시도)는 부정 범주인 Ⅷ유형에 있는 것이 확인되었다. 이 연구는 관광정책 분야에서 퍼지셋 이상형 분석의 적용을 탐색적으로 제시하였으며, 퍼지셋 이상향 분석이 관광지역간비교연구에 있어 이론적 근거를 기반으로 정책적 시사점을 도출하는데 유용함을 제시하였다. This study performed a fuzzy-set ideal type analysis using the regional tourism development index data. Specifically, regional tourism development index values of 17 key regions were converted into fuzzy-set affiliation scores, so each region can be compared with one another. The fuzzy-set ideal type analysis helps to identify the degrees and levels of how regions are affiliated to different ideal types and to compare the relative sizes of affiliation scores within each ideal type. This study closely examined tourism carrying capacity (CAP), tourism spending power (SPE), and tourism policy competency (POL) values that constitute the Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism’s 2019 regional tourism development index. The analysis generated eight fuzzy-set ideal types. Type I, which scored high in all three domains, included Jeonnam (0.77222), Gangwon (0.63537), Gyeonggi (0.58426), Jeju (0.56939), Gyeongbuk (0.54878), and Chungnam (0.50000). On the other hand, Daejeon (0.93826), Daegu (0.86454), Gwangju (0.86438), Sejong (0.86152), Ulsan (0.73138), and Busan (0.54422) belonged to Type VIII which scored low in all three domains, included. Type I (positive category) covered 35.3% (6 regions) of all regions, while another 35.3% (6 regions) were in Type VIII (negative category). This study presented an explorative application of the fuzzy-set ideal type analysis in the field of tourism policy and, thereby, demonstrated how the methods can be useful in comparing tourism regions and deriving theoretically grounded policy implications.

원자력 발전정책의 변동요인 비교연구 - 퍼지셋분석을 중심으로 -

용태석 ( Taeseok Yong ),이은국 ( Eunkook Lee ),박대민 ( Daemin Park ),김지혜 ( Jihye Kim ) 한국정책학회 2019 한국정책학회보 Vol.28 No.1

What causes different nuclear power policy responses to the same incident such as the Fukushima nuclear accident? The question, underlying the analysis of this study, focuses on examining the factors that may have affected countries to implement changes in its nuclear power policy since the Fukushima nuclear accident. To answer the question, fuzzy-set ideal type analysis and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis methodologies were used under a historical institutionalism perspective. First, through the fuzzy-set ideal type analysis, the ideal type of the target countries for this analysis was configured by using three dimensions, which are defined as, respectively: C (regulatory pressure in response to climate change), S (energy security), and E (economic factor). The ideal types were constructed and was followed by a subsequent evaluation regarding policy changes of respective countries categorized within each ideal type. As a complement to the fuzzy-set ideal type analysis, fuzzy-set qualitative comparison analysis was employed to further assess the policy change results derived from each country classifications. After examining the combinations of causal conditions that provoke the expansion of nuclear power policy, it was observed that the public’s social acceptability serves as a sufficient condition that affects the expansion of nuclear power policy. On the other hand, depending on the combination condition, conditions respective to international pressure from greenhouse gas emission regulations, the participation in nuclear-power component exports, and the policy diffusion of expanding nuclear power policy, provoked varying results regarding the expansion of nuclear power policy. This study has theoretical significance in that it has broadened the comparative study of nuclear power policy by analyzing the nuclear power policy change of 20 medium-sized countries by applying qualitative comparative analysis. And the study proposes the causal complexity of nuclear power policy change holds political meaning, which is expected to contribute to the establishment of a systematic analysis model upon future nuclear power policy changes.

자영업자를 위한 실업보험제도의 유형들 -퍼지셋 이상형 분석을 활용한 OECD 9개국 비교연구-

김규혜,이승윤 한국사회복지정책학회 2021 사회복지정책 Vol.48 No.4

This study conducted comparative analysis of self-employed unemployment insurance systems in nine OECD countries, Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Austria, France, Spain, Italy, and Korea, focusing on major institutional conditions consisting of accessibility, eligibility, and generosity, through fuzzy-set ideal type analysis. Based on recent studies, this study reviewed the changes in the composition and nature of self-employed workers after de-industrialization, discussed institutional reforms of national social security systems toward the expansion of non-standard forms of work, and reviewed existing discussions on changes in the self-employed unemployment security system. The main institutional categories that can reflect the institutionalization of unemployment insurance for self-employed workers in each country were composed of accessibility, eligibility, and generosity. Fuzzy-set ideal type analysis was conducted and as a result, Denmark and Sweden were classified as “the type with a high level of unemployment security for self-employed at all levels,” Finland as “the type with high generosity but low eligibility,” and Germany and Austria as “the type with high generosity but low accessibility.” France, Spain, and Italy were “the type with high accessibility only”. Here, Korea is “the type with a low level of unemployment security for self-employed businesses at all levels.” The analysis results for Korea, where the proportion of the self-employed are high, indicate an expansion of the precarious self-employed w ith large blind spots of unemployment insurance for the self-employed. Overall, it is necessary to ease involuntary unemployment sanctions and guarantee partial unemployment, as well as strengthen eligibility and generosity at the same level as employees to cover non-standard forms of work, including self-employed workers. Based on the analysis of the institutional similarity and difference in unemployment insurance of self-employed w orkers in nine OECD countries, the policy implications for the Korean labour market and unemployment insurance of self-employed workers were discussed.

서울시 사회적경제 생태계의 유형 및 특성 연구 - 퍼지셋 이상형 분석의 적용 -

이경미,정원오 한국사회복지정책학회 2017 사회복지정책 Vol.44 No.1

The purpose of this study is to diagnose the current social economy in Seoul and suggest the direction of improvement thereof by classifying the social economy in Seoul into specific types in terms of a social economy ecosystem and analyzing their characteristics and differences. The method used in this study is the fuzzy-set ideal type analysis, which allows the researcher to classify a limited number of cases into types and evaluate even the degree of each case’s membership in the given type. And the two main indicators used to decide the types of social economy ecosystems in 25 boroughs of Seoul are the private sector’s capability for networking and the borough government’s policy drive. The properties used to calculate one of the indicators, the private sector’s capability for networking, include the unity, initiative, and political influence of private-sector(nongovernmental) networks. The properties used to measure the borough government’s policy drive include the government’s commitment to the social economy, the forms or modes of public-private networks, and the availability of infrastructure. This led to categorization of the social economy ecosystems in Seoul into four ideal types of a two-by-two matrix and twelve subdivided types with four typical types (“public-private partnership,” “private initiative,” “borough initiative,” and “no clear leading actor”). The implications of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the quality and degree of social economy ecosystems differ significantly by type. Second, the analysis of why the social economy ecosystems thrive in some type and not in others reveals the decisive factors behind the formation and success of social economy ecosystems at the borough level. Third, the analysis of the commonalities of thriving social economy ecosystems reveals the extent to which the capability of private-private networks should be reinforced. This study marks a rare instance in the literature, providing systemic analysis and typology of the often-neglected environmental aspects of the social economy. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to strengthening the feasibility and sustainability of local social economy policies toward making those policies better serve the public interest and values.

Exploring the Implications of Fuzzy-set Analysis Method in Social Science: Beyond the Border of Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methodologies

허태욱 한국NGO학회 2018 NGO연구 Vol.13 No.2

This study explores the implications of Fuzzy-set Analysis method in social science, which combines a case-based qualitative method with a variable-driven quantitative method, and look at social diversity through comparative studies. The Fussy-set Analysis method as QCA (qualitative comparative analysis) can deal with existing case studies and intermediate cases that regression analysis can not address (15~50 cases). It consists of Fussy-set Multiple Conjunctural Analysis and Fussy-set Ideal Type Analysis. The former defines the relationship between cause and effect as a necessary condition or a sufficient condition, through the technical processes: ‘Calibration’, ‘Operation’, ‘Evaluating set relations’ and ‘Reduction’. The latter analyzes the degree of belonging to each ideal type and the direction of the time series change by converting to the fuzzy membership score of continuous value between 0 and 1. In short, the fuzzy set analysis will allow active penetration into the areas covered by the variable-centric approach. It can be an alternative to the blind spot that the existing methodologies could not deal with and at the same time it can overcome these weaknesses.

장애인 이동권 보장을 위한 17개 시도별 교통수단정책 분석 - “보편주의 하에서의 표적화”를 중심으로

이동석 국회입법조사처 2018 입법과 정책 Vol.10 No.3

장애계 내부에서도 보편적 교통정책인 저상버스와 선별적 특별교통수단에 대한 선호가 다르고, 실제 각 시도별로 두 정책의 집행수준이 다르게 나타나고 있다. 하지만 보편적책과 선별적 정책이 상호보완적으로 이루어지는 것이 장애인 이동권 보장을 위해서는 바람직할 수 있다. 이에 따라 이 연구는 17개 시도별로 장애인 이동권 보장을 위한 교통수단 정책의 현황을 유형화를 통해 비교분석하고, 퍼지셋 이상형 분석을 사용해 보다 이상적인 개선방안을 도출하고자 하였다. 분석결과 17개 시도는 사회통합 모형, 보편정책 우선 모형, 장애인 표적화 모형, 미발달 모형과 같은 4개 이념형에 고루 소속되어 있었으며, 유형에 속하는 정도와 다른 유형에 속하는 정도까지 파악하여 8개의 실제형으로 구분되었다. 우리나라 지방자치단체 중 사회통합 모형에 전형적으로 속하는 지방자치단체는 없었으며, 오히려 미발달 모형에 전형적으로 속하는 지방자치단체는 7개 시・도에 이르렀다. 이에 따라 각 시도별로 현재 속한유형에 따라 보편적인 저상버스 도입 또는 선별적인 특별교통수단의 도입 확대가 필요하고, 특히 미발달 모형에 속한 7개 시・도의 경우 지자체장의 의지를 높이고 장애인 이동권보장을 위한 투자를 대폭 확대할 필요가 있다. Disability communities have different preferences for low floor bus and selective special transportation service according to their belief in selectivism and universalism. Each province also executes different policies based on selectivism and universalism. However mutual complement between the policy based on universalism and the policy based on selectivism is necessary to achieve mobility rights of persons with disability. Accordingly, this research is to analyze comparatively the transportation policy for persons with disability of 17 provinces in Korea and to give the suggestions for improvement. Fuzzy set ideal type analysis method is used to achieve this goal. As a result of the analysis, 17 provinces typically belong to one of the 4 ideal types such as social inclusion type, universal policy first type, targeting persons with disability, and non-developmental type. And 8 real types are derived. No province belongs completely to the social inclusion type which means the high development of the both policies based on universalism and selectivism. On the other hand, 7 provinces belong to the non-developmental type which shows under developed state. Consequently, many efforts such as the increase of governors will and budget are generally necessary to improve the means of transportation for persons with disability in universalism and selectivism.

대륙복지국가의 활성화정책 추이에 관한 퍼지 집합 이념형 분석, 2000-2007

김종일 ( Jong Il Kim ) 한국사회보장학회 2010 사회보장연구 Vol.26 No.2

Continental European welfare states launched their activation policies in the 1990s. The 2000s have seen their activation ever more consolidated. However, research works on continental welfare states are notedly scarce compared to Anglo-Saxon or Nordic countries. This paper intends to bridge the gap. Its primary focus is on the pattern of Continental activation policies since 2000. A fuzzy-set ideal type analysis has been utilized to analyze the activation trends. We first identified three core concepts of aspects of activation policies, i.e., income generosity, labor market policy activism, employment protection strictness. We then constructed empirical indicators, criteria for qualitative breaking points, and procedures for translation of raw data into fuzzy membership values. Finally we examined membership scores for each country in the three fuzzy sets. The result shows that Germany and France maintained fairly well their previous Continental type while the Netherlands and Belgium did not. The Dutch case confirms the general conception that the country has been changed into something other than a Continental welfare state. However, this claim needs to be put into a wider perspective because this paper only focuses on the nexus of income security and labor markets. Accordingly the path dependence thesis also needs to be tested in a comprehensive frame of analysis. For now a modest conclusion could be drawn.

Comparing the Arrangements of Governance and Sustainable Development in OECD Countries: Coupled or Decoupled?

( Taewook Huh ) 서울대학교 한국행정연구소 2019 Journal of Policy Studies Vol.34 No.1

This study attempts to analyze to what extent governance and sustainable development (SD) empirically appear compatible in the thirtyfive OECD countries through the fuzzy-set ideal type analysis, and identify which ideal types appear coupled or decoupled, and then reveal which countries belong to the coupled types or to the decoupled types. In short, twenty-two countries (including Sweden (fuzzy score, 0.953), Denmark (0.920), Finland (0.914), Norway (0.911) in Type 1 (G*S, ‘strong G-S coupled countries’); and Turkey (0.906), Greece (0.833), Mexico (0.828) in Type 4 (g*s, ‘lite g-s coupled countries’) are in line with the accepted conventions regarding the compatible relationship between governance and SD. On the other hand, the rest of thirteen countries (including USA (fuzzy score, 0.815), Luxembourg (0.721), Australia (0.660) in Type 2 (G*s, ‘G-s decoupled countries’); and Slovenia (0.728), France (0.644), Czech Rep. (0.625) in Type 3 (g*S, ‘g-S decoupled countries’) may indicate that the relationship of governance and SD is in fact experiencing tensions in the national contexts. These findings are characterized by the substance (of SD) and procedure (of governance) divide. Considering the results, this study focuses on the idea of reflexivity or reflexive capacity.

Comparing the Arrangements of Governance and Sustainable Development in OECD Countries: Coupled or Decoupled?

허태욱 서울대학교행정대학원 2019 The Korean Journal of Policy Studies Vol.34 No.1

This study attempts to analyze to what extent governance and sustainable development (SD) empirically appear compatible in the thirtyfive OECD countries through the fuzzy-set ideal type analysis, and identify which ideal types appear coupled or decoupled, and then reveal which countries belong to the coupled types or to the decoupled types. In short, twenty-two countries (including Sweden (fuzzy score, 0.953), Denmark (0.920), Finland (0.914), Norway (0.911) in Type 1 (G*S, ‘strong G-S coupled countries’); and Turkey (0.906), Greece (0.833), Mexico (0.828) in Type 4 (g*s, ‘lite g-s coupled countries’) are in line with the accepted conventions regarding the compatible relationship between governance and SD. On the other hand, the rest of thirteen countries (including USA (fuzzy score, 0.815), Luxembourg (0.721), Australia (0.660) in Type 2 (G*s, ‘G-s decoupled countries’); and Slovenia (0.728), France (0.644), Czech Rep. (0.625) in Type 3 (g*S, ‘g-S decoupled countries’) may indicate that the relationship of governance and SD is in fact experiencing tensions in the national contexts. These findings are characterized by the substance (of SD) and procedure (of governance) divide. Considering the results, this study focuses on the idea of reflexivity or reflexive capacity.

프레이저의 포괄적 정의론에 정초한 지자체 정의의 이념형 탐색 : 노인을 중심으로

최혜지,이혜연 비판과 대안을 위한 사회복지학회/ 건강정책학회 2025 비판사회정책 Vol.- No.87

이 연구는 분배와 인정을 통합한 포괄적 정의론의 사회복지적 유용성이 경험적 도구 화의 한계로 관념적 수준에 머물러 있고, 지자체의 고령사회 대응이 현실 진단의 부재 위에 이루어진다는 문제의식에 기초한다. 이에 따라 이 연구는 첫째, 경제적 분배, 문화 적 인정, 정치적 대표로 구성된 ‘노인을 위한 포괄적 정의’의 지표를 구성하고 둘째, 17 개 광역지자체의 ‘노인에 대한 포괄적 정의’의 이념형을 분석하려는 목적으로 이루어졌 다. 문헌 연구와 델파이조사를 통해 분배, 인정, 대표, 세 개 차원의 18개 지표로 구성된 ‘노인을 위한 포괄적 정의’의 지표를 최종화했다. 이를 이용한 퍼지셋 이념형 분석을 통 해 17개 광역지자체로부터 ‘노인을 위한 포괄적 정의’의 8개 이념형과 각 이념형 별 사 례를 밝혔다. 예를 들면 세종, 전북, 전남은 분배, 인정, 대표 모두 양호한 가장 정의로운 이념형에 속한 반면, 부산, 인천, 경기는 정의의 세 차원 모두 취약한 가장 부정의한 이 념형에 해당하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이 연구는 포괄적 정의론의 사회복지적 유용성을 관념적 차원을 넘어 경험적 차원으로 확장하고, 노인에 대한 포괄적 정의의 공간에서 각 지자체의 좌표를 확인함으로써 향후 지자체별 노인복지 정책의 표적화를 가능하게 한다 는 점에서 의미를 갖는다. This research is grounded in two fundamental issues: first, that the applicability of The Comprehensive Theory of Justice—integrating distribution and recognition—to the field of social welfare remains largely conceptual due to limitations in empirical operationalization; and second, that local governments’ responses to an aging society often proceed without an adequate diagnosis of present realities. Accordingly, this study aims, first, to construct indicators of “comprehensive justice for older adults” comprising economic distribution, cultural recognition, and political representation, and second, to analyze the ideal types of such justice across 17 metropolitan local governments. Through a literature review and Delphi surveys, the study finalized a set of indicators for comprehensive justice for older adults, consisting of 18 items across the three dimensions of distribution, recognition, and representation. Employing a fuzzy-set ideal type analysis based on these indicators, the study identified eight ideal types of comprehensive justice among the 17 metropolitan local governments and presented representative cases for each type. For example, Sejong, Jeonbuk, and Jeonnam were classified under the most just ideal type, exhibiting strong performance across all three dimensions, whereas Busan, Incheon, and Gyeonggi were identified as the most unjust, performing poorly in all dimensions. This study is significant in that it extends the applicability of the comprehensive theory of justice to the field of social welfare by moving from a conceptual to an empirical domain, and provides a spatial mapping of each local government’s position regarding comprehensive justice for older adults. Such insights enable more targeted and context-specific elderly welfare policies at the local level.