Resolving Conflict in a Church Educational Ministry

조철현 한국기독교교육학회 2012 기독교교육논총 Vol.31 No.-

Christians who participate in church educational ministry may be involved in conflict. Many problems in church context take place because of unresolved conflict. Leaders of church educational ministry are to prevent and manage conflicts based on the biblical principles. This essay presented biblical principles, factors, and skills for preventing and resolving church conflict creatively to help church educational ministry leaders. The definition of conflict is as follows: “church conflict is an uncomfortable situation among people or groups in a church in which people realize that they cannot truly achieve what they wish.”This essay suggested five positive factors for preventing and resolving conflict in church educational ministry. First is shared vision. It is also impossible to draw followers’ devotion if church leaders fail to share their ministry vision effectively. The second is communication. It is a method of connecting people’s thoughts and actions in church ministry groups. The third is participation. Most people want to be regarded as important beings in churches and organizations by participating in the shaping of visions and activities. The fourth is trust building. When there is a low trust in the church, conflict may come to pass. The fifth is understanding cultural difference. If a church leader does not understand cultural differences, church conflicts will arise among people. This essay also suggested seven biblical principles of conflict resolution for helping churches. First, conflict must be properly resolved. Second, Christians are to see conflict positively because they can glorify God if they resolve it in a biblical way. Third, Christians also have to confront conflict situation based on Matthew 18:15-17, if necessary. Fourth, Christians try to seek mutual benefit in resolving conflict. Fifth, Christians should take the role of a peace maker based on Eph. 4:3. Sixth, Church leaders are to train church congregation for conflict management. Seventh, love is one of the most important keys for conflict resolution.

제주사회의 갈등과 도민통합 미래제주를 위한 제언

신행철(Heaeng Chul Shin) 제주학회 2013 濟州島硏究 Vol.39 No.-

이 글은 사회통합의 저해요인으로서 사회갈등에 대해 살펴보고 제주사회에 있어서 갈등을 어떻게 극복하여 사회통합을 이루어낼 것인가를 제시하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 2000년대 이후 제주사회에서 대표적인 갈등 사례들은 공공갈등인데 이들 공공갈등들은 정책갈등으로서 가치갈등과 이익갈등이 복합된 복합갈등이라고 할 수 있는 것이다. 제주지역에서 발생하는 공공갈등(정책갈등)중에서 전국화 되는 경우도 있는데 민국복합형 관광미항(제주해군기지)건설 , 투자개방형 의료법인(영리의료법인)병원 허용 , 4·3 사건 관련 사업추진에 관련해서 그러하다. 도민들은 제주사회의 모든 정책갈등에 영향을 미치는 가장 중요한 요인은 주민참여가 보장되지 않은 사업의 일방적 추진 이라고 보고 있다. 보다 더 중요한 갈등의 원인으로 작용하는 것은 갈등관리의 프로세스상의 문제점 이라는 지적이 있다. 말하자면 제주사회에 발생하는 갈등들은 이를 체계적으로 관리하지 못하여 일어난다는 것이다. 제주도에는 사회통합. 갈등 관리시스템으로서 사회협약위원회가 공적 기구로 조직, 운영되고 있으나 전문가들은 사회협약위원회의 권한과 기능 강화를 독립적인 갈등조정기구로의 전환 이 필요하다고 보고 있다. 사회협약위원회는 도지사에 부속된 자문기구, 위계제 속의 심의기관이 아니라 도지사로부터 독립되어 자기 결정권을 갖는 합의제 의결기관으로서의 위상을 가져야 할 것이다. 사회통합을 위해 가장 중요한 것은 신뢰라는 사회적 자본(social capital)을 형성하는 것이다. 이 글에서 지적했듯이 제주 공공기관이 낮은 청렴도는 투명성의 결여를 초래하고 이어서 신뢰 상실로 이어진다고 볼 수 있는데 이런 점에서 제주의 공공기관의 청렴도를 제고함으로써 신뢰의 기반을 공고히 할 필요가 있다. 신뢰도에 더하여 도민통합에 중요한 것 중에 하나는 일반 도민의 의식이요 태도이다. 이분법적 사고를 극복하고 다양성을 존중하는 자세가 필요하다. This paper examines the social conflict as a detrimental factor for social integration and suggests how to overcome current social conflicts to integrate Jeju society. Public conflict, which has been a main type of conflict in Jeju since 2000 s could be considered as policy conflict in which value conflict and interest conflict are mixed. Some public conflicts (policy construction of Jeju naveal base, permission of for-profit medical corporation, the April 3rd Treagedy related projects. Jeju people perceive the unilateral pushing forward with projects without residents participation as the most important factor for every policy conflict. It is also pointed out that problems in conflict resolution process are more important causes for the conflicts. The lack of systematic resolution of conflicts seems to be the main cause of those conflicts. The Social Agreement Committee was organized and are operating as an public management system for social conflict and social integration in Jeju. Some experts suggest that this committee needs to be given more authority and empowerment for its transformation in to an independent conflict managing organization. The Social Agreement Committee should be Independent from the governor and become a decision-making system. Trust, a social capital, is most important for social integration. The low level of integrity in Jeju public agencies produces the lack of transparency, and it in turn leads to the low level of trust. Therefore, Jeju public agencies need to improve their integrity and strengthen the base for trust. In addition, Jeju people s consciousness and attitude are important for the integration of Jeju society and it is necessary to abandon the dichotomy of view and respect the diversity.

공공정책 갈등사례 DB 구축 및 갈등사례 유형 분석

권경득,이광원 서울대학교 한국행정연구소 2017 행정논총 Vol.55 No.1

The Korean government and academia have made a lot of effort for a long time to solve public policy conflicts. The government enacted the‘Regulation on the Prevention and Resolution of Conflicts in Public Agencies’ in 2007. Scholars have explored the causes of and solutions to public policy conflicts in various fields beyond academic disciplines and have suggested major policy implications. Nevertheless, it has not provided effective conflict management solutions or alternatives when public policy conflicts have occurred in Korean society. In addition, similar problems have been repeated in the process of public policy conflicts. To solve these problems, the formulation of theory is the most important in conflict research and more urgent than presenting new solutions for new public policy conflict cases. In order to do this, it is necessary to accumulate public policy conflict cases that have occurred in Korean society, and to build a public policy conflict database in a systematic way according to the type of conflict. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the aspects of public policy conflicts according to the regime, stakeholder, region, conflict characteristics, and mechanism of solution by using the ‘Public Policy Conflict Case Database’ provided by the National Research Foundation (NRF) and the Institute for Intergovernmental Relations (IGR) at Sun Moon University. Then, this study suggests active utilization of the public policy conflict database in doing public policy conflict research. 그 동안 정부와 학계에서는 공공정책갈등을 해결하기 위해 많은 노력을 경주하였다. 정부는 “공공기관의 갈등 예방과 해결에 관한 규정”을 제정하였고, 학계에서는 다양한 공공정책갈등의 원인을 분석하고, 해결방안을 모색하였다. 또한, 연구자들은 공공갈등사례분석을 통해 정책적 시사점을 제시하기도 하였다. 그럼에도 불구하고 우리 사회에서 공공정책갈등이 발생되었을 때, 갈등해결을 위한 효과적인 처방책이 제시되지 못하고, 갈등의 전개과정에서 유사한 문제가 지속적으로 반복되고 있는 실정이다. 공공정책갈등을 해결하기 위해서는 갈등발생 시에 새로운 해결방안을 모색하는 것도 중요하지만 과거의 유사한 갈등사례에서 갈등해결의 정책적 함의를 찾는 것도 의미가 있을 것이다. 이와 같은 맥락에서 그 동안 한국사회에서 발생되어 왔던 공공정책갈등사례들을 발굴하고, 이들 갈등사례를 갈등유형과 특성에 따라 체계적으로 분류하여 DB화하고, 활용하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구는 한국 정부수립이후 2014년까지 발생한 공공정책갈등사례를 발굴 및 분석하여 DB화 한 한국연구재단 기초학문자료센터와 선문대 정부간관계연구소의 ‘공공정책갈등사례 DB’에 포함되어 있는 약 2,030여개의 공공정책갈등사례를 분석하여 공공정책갈등이 발생한 정권별, 갈등주체별, 지역별, 갈등성격별, 갈등영역별, 지속기간별, 해결기제별 등으로 갈등유형을 분류하고 강등양상을 분석하였다.

갈등DB 구축방법의 국제비교 및우리나라에의 시사점

임동진,윤종설 서울대학교 한국행정연구소 2017 행정논총 Vol.55 No.1

The purpose of this study is to compare foreign and domestic conflict databases and to suggest some implications for constructing and doing research with conflict databases. To achieve this purpose, this study compares conflict database from four academic institutions in Korea with three foreign conflict databases (KOSIMO, Germany; SCAD, Africa; and PCD, Europe). The research implications as results of this study are as follows. First, while conflict databases in Korea are mainly focused on public conflicts inside Korea, foreign conflict databases target social conflicts and international disputes in African and European countries. Second, each conflict database in Korea needs to be differentiated. Third, it is necessary to study the problems of generalizability occurring in the field of conflict databases in depth. Fourth, it is necessary to find diverse methods to improve the reliability and validity of conflict databases. Fifth, the transparency of database references should be improved by opening the code book of conflict databases. Sixth, it is necessary to searching diverse coding methods using new computer programs in database coding conflicts. Seventh, the categories of conflict type need to be further subdivided. Eighth, it is necessary to improve the openness and utilization of conflict data. Finally, more detailed construction and active utilization of conflict databases can improve the prevention and resolution of public conflicts in Korea. 본 연구의 목적은 외국의 주요 갈등DB 구축방법을 비교분석하고 이를 토대로 우리나라 갈등DB 구축 및 연구에 시사점을 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위해 국내의 4개 기관 갈등DB와 국외의 3개 기관 갈등DB(독일의 KOSIMO 갈등DB, 아프리카 사회갈등 갈등DB(SCAD), 유럽 시위 및 진압갈등DB(PCD))를 각각 비교분석하였다. 갈등DB 구축방법의 국제비교에 따른 우리나라에의 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 우리나라 갈등DB는 주로 국내의 공공갈등을 대상으로 하고 있는데 반해, 외국 갈등DB는 주로 아프리카와 유럽 국가들의 사회갈등이나 국제분쟁 등을 대상으로 하고 있다. 둘째, 갈등DB별로 차별화 전략이 필요하다. 셋째, 국내 갈등DB도 갈등DB 구축시 나타나는 일반화의 문제 등 DB 구축의 방법론에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 넷째, 갈등DB자료에 대한 신뢰성과 타당성을 높이기 위한 노력이 필요하다. 다섯째, 갈등DB 구축시 갈등코드북을 공개하여 갈등DB의 투명성을 높여야 한다. 여섯째, 갈등DB의 코딩방식을 새로운 컴퓨터 프로그램 등을 도입하는 등 다양한 방법의 모색이 필요하다. 일곱째, 갈등DB 유형구분을 보다 세분화하는 것이 필요하다. 여덟째, 국내 갈등DB 자료 공개와 활용성을 높일 필요가 있다. 마지막으로, 현재 구축된 갈등DB 자료를 토대로 다양한 갈등예방 및 해결방안을 모색할 필요가 있다.

교회 내의 갈등, 그 해결책은?

박경순 ( Kyung Soon Park ) 서울신학대학교 기독교신학연구소 2012 神學과 宣敎 Vol.40 No.-

Conflict in the church is not a particular phenomenon but a widespread phenomenon. The Bible also indicates various kinds of conflict throughout the whole Bible. However, conflicts in Korean churches are not common phenomena; these conflicts are obstacles that prevent their mission that is supposed to proclaim the Gospel to non-Christians. The purpose of this article is: to understand the attribute of conflict in church, to provide several solutions based on these attributes, and to resolve conflicts in the churches for their inherent missions. Conflict is a phenomenon that occurs when two groups have hostility towards each other due to an event or difference in understanding. However, conflict is a natural status quo that occurs in every church. Conflict in church does not always produce negative outcomes but may sometimes result in positive consequences. The reasons of conflict in churches are not only the inherent sin of human beings but also various causes like lack of communication in the church or differences between two or more groups to choose their mission in the church. To resolve conflict in the church, firstly leaders should recognize various warnings that occur in the church. Then, there are five levels of conflict: problems to solve, disagreements, competition, fighting and intractable situation. The strategies of conflict management are avoidance, soothing, power intervention, compromise, and confrontation and they can be used according to the situation. However, these strategies should be used based on principles to resolve conflict. To conclude, conflict in church is not a phenomenon that can be avoided. Therefore, church leaders have to capitalize conflict to change or renew the church because it can be used as an opportunity to bring change to the church rather than bring negative consequences.

평화적 갈등해결 기제로서의 선거: 선거를 통한 생활갈등의 해결 모색

고경민 사단법인 한국평화연구학회 2016 평화학연구 Vol.17 No.4

Korea is becoming a “society with daily life conflicts” as conflicts began to intrude on the activities of daily living. This article starts with a basic awareness that elections can be effective means for conflict resolution in the era of daily life conflicts. The purpose is to understand the implications and role of an election, and its utilization as a conflict-resolution mechanism, in order to explore ways to more effectively resolve daily life conflicts. For this research, first, diverse existing conflict-resolution mechanisms are reviewed and analyzed, within which the status of an ‘election’ as a conflict-resolution mechanism was examined, followed by a case examination of each type of mechanism. Then, an election’s potential as a conflict-solving mechanism is analyzed, focusing on frequently occurring recent cases. Finally, the resultant implications from the analysis of utilizing an election as a conflict-solving mechanism have been classified and summarized. 갈등이 일상의 ‘생활세계’로까지 확산되면서 한국 사회가 “생활갈등사회”가 되고 있다. 이 글은 ‘선거’가 생활갈등의 시대에 유효한 갈등해결 수단이 될 수 있다는 기본적인 문제의식에서 출발한다. 그리고 이 글은 선거를 통해 효과적인 생활갈등을 해결할 수 있는 갈등해결 기제로서 선거의 역할과 활용을 위한 함의를 도출하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 이를 위해서 이 글은 기존의 다양한 갈등해결 방식들을 수렴하여 유형화하고, 그 속에서 갈등해결 기제로서 ‘선거’의 위상을 검토한다. 다음으로 갈등해결 방식에 따른 유형별 사례들을 검토한다. 이어서 갈등해결 기제로서 선거의 활용 가능성을 최근 빈발하고 있는 생활갈등 사례를 중심으로 분석하고 있다. 마지막으로 이러한 분석을 통해 갈등해결 기제로서 선거를 활용하기 위한 함의를 정리했다.

2015 개정 초등 사회 교과서에 제시된 ‘갈등’ 내용 분석

박새롬 한국사회과교육학회 2020 시민교육연구 Vol.52 No.3

This study aims to suggest the direction of development for conflict resolution in social studies by analyzing contents of ‘conflict’ in elementary social studies textbooks. For this purpose, contents of conflict were categorized into narrative style, types and cases, and relevant activities; and analyzed in consideration of validity of content, conformity with reality, and agency. As a result, first, there was almost no direct narrative on conflict, and some of them described conflict as a negative phenomenon. Second, in terms of cases of conflict, conflict of interest, conflict between equal subjects, and conflict cases that have been traditionally emphasized, formed the majority. Third, conflict-related activity types were mostly understanding activities or activities that enable only a part of the conflict management process. This implies that the concept or cases of conflict may be perceived as limited or negative through textbooks, or have restrictions in developing conflict resolution ability. Based on the above discussion, this study suggested that social studies textbooks should be composed of various conflict cases in consideration of students’ everyday world or social situations, while reinforcing narration on the function of conflict and conflict management while also providing activities focusing on practical actions. 이 연구는 초등 사회 교과서에 제시된 ‘갈등’ 내용을 분석하여, 사회과 갈등해결교육의 발전 방향을 제안하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 갈등 서술 방식, 갈등의 유형 및 사례, 갈등 관련 활동으로 구분하여 갈등 내용의 타당성, 현실과의 일치성, 행위성 등을 고려하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 갈등에 대한 직접적인 서술은 거의 나타나지 않았으며 일부마저도 갈등을 부정적 현상으로 기술하였다. 둘째, 갈등의 사례로는 이해관계 갈등이나 대등한 주체 간 갈등, 전통적으로 강조되어온 갈등 사례가 주를 이루는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 갈등 관련 활동 유형으로는 이해 활동이나 갈등관리과정의 일부만을 경험할 수 있는 활동이 대부분이었다. 이는 학생들이 교과서를 통해 갈등에 대한 개념이나 사례 등을 제한적이거나 부정적으로 인식할 수 있으며 갈등해결능력을 함양하는 데 제약이 있을 수 있다는 것을 뜻한다. 이상의 논의를 바탕으로 사회 교과서를 통해 학생들이 일상 세계나 사회적 상황 속 다양한 갈등 사례나 갈등의 기능, 갈등 관리 등을 학습할 수 있게 해야 하며, 사회 교과서에서 갈등해결과정 전반을 경험할 수 있는 실천적 행위 중심의 활동이 강화되어야 함을 제언한다.

A Study on Christian Understanding and Solutions for Social Conflicts in Korea

( Myeonghwan Joe ),( Changho Song ) 삼육대학교 선교와사회문제연구소 2018 Asia-Africa Journal of Mission and Ministry(AAMM) Vol.17 No.-

As a social being, human beings live with many people in society. Conflicts always have existed in human society, and groups and societies have grown or divided according to how they resolve the conflict. Conflicts exist not only among individuals, but also among groups and among countries. There are many conflicts in Korean society. Especially after independence from Japan in 1945, since the time of modernization, conflicts within the family, political conflicts, and labor conflicts and ideological conflicts have been continuing. There are also a generational conflict between elderly and young people, and environmental conflict due to limited resources. These kinds of conflicts can be easily found even in the Bible records. However, the Bible does not only show the existence of such conflicts, but shows how conflicts have been resolved. Christians must understand the ways of conflict resolution shown through the Bible and must lead our society and individuals to taste the happiness of Christian solutions.

한국 민주주의에서의 남남갈등; 민주주의적 해법에 관한 고찰

권수현 ( Soo Hyun Kwon ) 한국외국어대학교 글로벌정치연구소 2011 글로벌정치연구 Vol.4 No.2

Conflicts are essential in democracy and democracy has institutions for conflict resolution. Namely, Conflict and democracy have a mutual reciprocity relation. Therefore outbursts of conflicts are positive appearance not negative and also a progress of democratization and a process of social development. Korea passed the process of democratic transition and consolidation with success. Nonetheless Korean democracy needs quality upgrade or improvement. Korea democracy is still immature (unskilled) to deal with conflicts. One of intra-national conflicts which Korea society has faced is ``South-South conflict.`` This conflict has divided South Korea society and threatened Korea democracy. My question is which are important reasons of this conflict which is not working as an engine of democracy but deepening and fueling social division which hinder the development of Korea democracy. The level and the strength of bipolarization of mutually repellent forces are becoming wide and deep. The game of South-South conflict is like a zero-sum game. Reasons of South-South conflict proliferation are two. First is the overlapping of conflicts (ideology, regionalism, and generation) and second is expansive reproduction, especially by media power (conservative newspaper Chaebol) and conservative civil society. In this paper, I will investigate and analyze two reasons more specifically. After that, I will try to suggest some positive ways (consociational democracy, deliberative democracy, and creation of counter-hegemony) to settle this conflict. These ways will be helpful to unify Korean people, to make Korean Society stable and Korean democracy more workable and more developed, and to enhance South-North Korea relation, ultimately uniting divided South-North Korea.

미용인의 갈등관리방안에 관한 이론적 연구

이무진(Lee Moo-Jin),고성현(Ko Sung-Hyun) 한국인체미용예술학회 2004 한국인체미용예술학회지 Vol.5 No.2

  It can be said that conflicts are various phenomena that exist in human relationships and organizations in the lives of human beings. Therefore, there came to be various types of conflicts necessarily according to goals and desires in organizations where human beings participate. Conflicts can be divided into various parts according to the perspective.<BR>  Currently, from small beauty salons to franchise-type organizations, the beauty culture work has been changed and it has been more specialized. Various things including conflicts between members of beauty salons, work-related conflicts, adaptation processes, and conflicts with customers occur, and these can significantly affect the performance and the satisfaction level of customers.<BR>  Especially as beauty salons have become more organized as companies, pursuing new concepts of services for the improvement of the qualitative satisfaction level of customers, how to solve conflicts in current situations and how to solve conflicts with customers have become necessary to be studied.<BR>  Therefore, this study examines the definition and features of conflict, sources, types, functions and results of conflicts theoretically, analyzes them, and presents the directions for the further studies on how to manage conflicts.<BR>  Along with the recognition that conflicts can be useful and destructive, the importance of the conflict management has been emphasized, so among the effects of conflicts on organizations, the management plans and ways to promote conflicts have been more focused. From the perspective of the beauty salon management, it can be said that this kind of change of recognition and the management plans are more important.<BR>  Therefore, it can be summarized as the following 3 points through personal conflict management plans presented in this study.<BR>  First, it is the improvement and management of human relations in beauty salon organization, it will contribute to the fulfillment of goals of organizations where each on belongs to, and establish the development of beauty salon organizations.<BR>  Second, the causes of conflicts between individuals include differences between individuals and their recognitions, the loss of authority, unjust personnel administration, goal differences, functional differences, etc.<BR>  Third, conflict management plans, presented in this study, focus on the positive roles of conflicts and conflict promotion plans, so they affect the personal conflict manage, work satisfaction level, and the productivity improvement through the increase of the satisfaction level of customers.<BR>  Through this study, the examination through the realistic actual proof analysis should be performed so that various types of studies, which can be directly applied to conflict management for beauty salons, can be performed positively.