초등학생의 또래 공동체 의식과 외현적 공격성의 관계에서 친사회적 행동과 방어행동의 매개효과

권지웅(Kwon, ji woong),박종효(Park, jong hyo) 한국교육학회 2020 敎育學硏究 Vol.58 No.4

본 연구는 초등학교 4, 5, 6학년 학생들의 ‘또래 공동체 의식’과 ‘외현적 공격성’의 관계에서작용하는 ‘친사회적행동’과 ‘방어행동’의 매개효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 연구 문제를 검증하기위하여 클래스넷 4차년도 데이터를 사용하여 전국 소재의 초등학생 1,374명(여학생 50.0%)을 분석하였다. 또래 공동체 의식과 친사회적 행동은 자기보고 방식으로 측정하였고, 외현적공격성과방어행동은 또래지명 방식을 활용하여 측정하였다. 구조방정식을 이용하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 또래 공동체 의식은 친사회적 행동에 정적 효과를 보였고, 친사회적인 행동은 방어행동에 정적 효과를 보였다. 둘째, 또래 공동체 의식은 방어행동에 정적 효과를 보였고, 방어행동은 외현적 공격성에 부적 효과를 보였으며, 또래 공동체 의식은 외현적 공격성에 부적 효과를 보였다. 셋째, 또래 공동체 의식은 외현적 공격성 간의 관계에서 방어행동이 부분매개 효과를 보였으며, 친사회적 행동도 외현적 공격성과의 관계에서 방어행동이 부분매개 효과를 보였다. 또한 또래공동체 의식과 방어행동 간의 관계에서 친사회적행동은 부분매개효과를 보였다. 마지막으로, 또래 공동체 의식은 친사회적 행동과 방어행동을 거쳐 외현적공격성에 부분매개효과를 보였다. 이런 결과로 볼 때 외현적 공격성을 줄이기 위해서는 방어행동 역량을 키우는 것이 필요하며, 방어행동은 학교폭력 중 외현적 공격성이 중심이 되는 또래괴롭힘 예방을 위해서도 중요한 변인이라는 시사점을 확인할 수 있었다. The purpose of this study is to identify the mediating effect of pro-social behavior and defending behavior in the relationship between sense of peer community and overt aggression in a sample of students of Grade 4, 5, and 6. The fourth wave of Class-Net data was used to target a total of 1,374(girl 50.0%) elementary school students. Sense of peer community and pro-social behavior were measured by self-reports whereas overt aggression and defending behavior were measured by peer nomination. The major findings through using a SEM were as follows. First, sense of peer community had a positive effect on pro-social behavior and pro-social behavior had a positive effect on defending behavior. Second, sense of peer community had a positive effect on defending behavior and defending behavior had a negative direct effect on overt aggression. In addition, sense of peer community had a negative effect on overt aggression. Third, defending behavior mediated partially in the relationship sense of peer community and overt aggression, defending behavior mediated partially in the relationship pro-social behavior and overt aggression too, Also, pro-social behavior mediated partially in the relationship between sense of peer community and defending behavior. Finally, sense of peer community had a partial mediation effect on overt aggression through pro-social behavior and defending behavior. Based on these results, it is indicated that acquiring defending capacity was necessary to reduce overt aggression, and defending behavior is an important variable to prevent school bullying, which appears in the form of overt aggression in the school violence context.

초등학생의 공격성과 사회적 선호도, 지각된 인기도의 관계: 친사회적 행동과 사회적 유능성의 조절효과

이승연 한국심리학회산하학교심리학회 2011 한국심리학회지 학교 Vol.8 No.2

In a group of 353 elementary students, the present study examined the moderation effects of prosocial behaviors and social competence in the relations between overt/relational aggression and peer status (social preference and perceived popularity). The results indicate that both overt aggression and relational aggression lowered social preference regardless of gender. Prosocial behaviors and social competence did not buffer the negative influence of aggression on social preference. Among boys, overt aggression was a significant predictor of increased perceived popularity. Although inconsistent, relational aggression also predicted boys' perceived popularity. However, among girls, relational aggression, not overt aggression, was associated with perceived popularity. The moderation effects of prosocial behaviors and social competence were significant only among boys. In other words, boys' aggression, although it lowers social preference, contributes to their social influence and dominance when it is effectively combined with positive characteristics. It is necessary to develop new intervention strategies which reflect the adaptive function of aggression within peer groups. 본 연구는 초등학교 5, 6학년생을 대상으로 외현적, 관계적 공격성과 사회적 선호도 또는 지각된 인기도의 관계에서, 친사회적 행동이나 사회적 유능성이 조절효과를 보이는지를 알아보기 위해 남녀 집단별로 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 남녀 모두에서 공격성은 유형과 상관없이 사회적 선호도를 일관되게 낮추었으며, 친사회적 행동을 많이 하거나 사회적 유능성이 높다고 해도 이러한 부적 효과를 상쇄하지는 않았다. 한편, 남학생의 경우 외현적 공격성은 지각된 인기도를 유의하게 증가시켰고, 비일관적이긴 하지만 관계적 공격성 역시 인기도와 유의한 정적 관련성을 보였다. 여학생의 경우 관계적 공격성만이 지각된 인기도를 증가시켰다. 특히 남학생의 경우 공격성과 지각된 인기도의 관계가 친사회적 행동이나 사회적 유능성 등의 긍정적 속성들에 의해 조절되면서, 높은 공격성으로 인해 또래들로부터 거부되거나 선호도가 떨어지기는 하지만 또래집단 내에서 사회적 영향력이나 명망은 더욱 높아지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 공격성이 또래집단 내에서 사회적 우위를 차지하기 위해 전략적으로 사용될 수 있음을 고려하여 새로운 개입방법을 모색할 필요가 있을 것이다.

중학생의 기본심리욕구 만족과 좌절의 잠재프로파일: 자율성지지와 심리적 통제의 예측효과와 친사회적 행동 및 공격성의 차이

한승수(Seungsoo Han),이은주(Eunju Lee) 한국교육심리학회 2021 敎育心理硏究 Vol.35 No.1

본 연구는 욕구만족과 욕구좌절이 구별되지만 동시에 공존하는 구인이라는 가정에 따라 중학생의 기본 심리욕구 만족과 좌절의 잠재프로파일을 탐색하고, 잠재프로파일에 대한 부모, 교사의 자율성지지와 심리적 통제의 예측효과와 잠재프로파일 별 친사회적 행동 및 공격성의 차이를 살펴보았다. 중학생 435명을 대상으로 기본심리욕구 만족과 좌절의 잠재프로파일분석을 실시한 결과, 첫째, ‘좌절형’, ‘만족형’, ‘평균형’과 함께 기본심리욕구의 만족과 좌절이 모두 높은 ‘만족-좌절 복합형’이 도출되었다. 둘째, 부모와 교사의 자율성지지가 높고 심리적 통제가 낮을수록 ‘좌절형’보다 ‘만족형’의 프로파일을 나타내었다. 특히 부모와 교사의 통제뿐만 아니라 부모의 자율성지지가 높을수록 ‘만족-좌절 복합형’에 속할 가능성이 높았다. 셋째, ‘좌절형’은 낮은 친사회적 행동과 높은 공격성을 나타낸 반면, ‘만족형’은 높은 친사회적 행동과 낮은 공격성을 나타냈다. 특히 ‘만족-좌절 복합형’은 친사회적 행동과 공격성 모두 높은 수준을 보였으며, 이는 ‘만족형’의 친사회적 행동, ‘좌절형’의 공격성과 비교해서 유의한 차이가 없었다. 본 연구는 기본심리욕구의 만족과 좌절이 모두 높은 집단이 존재함을 밝혀냈으며, 이 집단의 복합적 적응 양상을 확인하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 나아가 기본심리욕구의 낮은 만족과 좌절은 구분되어야 하며, 청소년의 친사회적 행동을 높이고 공격성을 낮추기 위해서 욕구만족의 증진뿐만 아니라 욕구좌절의 예방을 위한 부모와 교사의 적극적인 노력이 필요함을 제안한다. Based on the assumption that need satisfaction and frustration are distinct but potentially co-occurring, this study explored the combined relations between them. Additionally, this study examined whether different combinations of need satisfaction and need frustration had different antecedents, including autonomy support and psychological control of parents and teachers, and different outcomes, including prosocial behavior and aggression. Applying a latent profile analysis with a sample of 435 middle school students, this study identified 4 groups of students with distinct need satisfaction and frustration profiles; ‘frustrated’, ‘satisfied’, ‘average’ and ‘satisfied-frustrated’ profiles. The higher the autonomy support and the lower psychological control of parents and teachers, the higher is a student’s likelihood of belonging to the ‘satisfied’ rather than ‘frustrated’ profile. Particularly, not only the higher psychological control of parents and teachers but also the higher parents’ autonomy support predicted the higher likelihood of belonging to the ‘satisfied-frustrated’ profile, which had both high need satisfaction and frustration. Further, the ‘frustrated’ and ‘satisfied’ profiles showed low prosocial behavior and high aggression, and high prosocial behavior and low aggression, respectively. More interestingly, the ‘satisfied-frustrated’ profile showed high levels of prosocial behavior besides high levels of aggression, which were as high as prosocial behavior of ‘satisfied’ and aggression of ‘frustrated’ profiles. The findings evidence that there are some students experience both the satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs, highlighting that need satisfaction and frustration are distinct but co-occurring with specific antecedents and outcomes. To enhance prosocial behavior and to mitigate the aggression of adolescents, parents and teachers are recommended to make active efforts for the promotion of need satisfaction and prevention of need frustration of the adolescents.

전래동요를 활용한 집단놀이 활동이 유아의 친사회적 행동 및 공격성에 미치는 영향

안은정 ( Eun Jung An ),전유영 ( Yoo Young Jeon ) 한국어린이문학교육학회 2015 어린이문학교육연구 Vol.16 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 전래동요를 활용한 집단놀이가 만 3세 유아의 친사회적 행동과 공격성에 어떠한 영향을 주는지 알아보는 데 있다. 연구 대상은 경기도 소재 어린이집에 재원 중인 만 3세반 유아 32명(실험집단 16명, 비교집단 16명)이다. 본 연구에서 전래동요를 활용한 집단놀이 활동을 구성한 후 이를 실험집단에 10주 동안 실시하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS/Win 프로그램을 이용하여 t-test를 통해 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전래동요를 활용한 집단놀이 활동은 실험집단 유아의 친사회적 행동 증가에 유의미한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 친사회적 행동의 하위요소인 지도성, 도움주기, 의사소통, 주도적 배려, 접근 시도하기, 나누기, 감정이입 및 조절에서 모두 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 둘째, 전래동요를 활용한 집단놀이 활동은 실험집단 유아의 공격성 감소에 유의미한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 공격성의 하위요소인 대인 공격, 대물 공격, 언어적 공격에서도 모두 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of group play activities through traditional children`s songs on young children`s prosocial behavior and aggression. 32 children of 3 years old in Kyung-Gi province were divided into an experimental and control group and the study was carried out for 10 weeks. The collected data was analyzed by t-test using SPSS/Win Program. The results of this study showed that first, group play activities through traditional children`s songs had a positive impact on improving young children`s prosocial behavior such as; leadership, helping, communication, initiated consideration, attempting to approach, sharing, and empathy and controlling emotion. It also had positive impact on reducing young children`s aggression such as; interpersonal attack, the object attack, and the verbal attack.

리더십 독서프로그램이 유아의 자아존중감과 친사회적 행동 및 공격성에 미치는 효과

고선옥(Go Seon-Ock),전경아(Jeon Kyung-Ah) 한국영유아보육학회 2010 한국영유아보육학 Vol.0 No.61

본 연구는 리더십 독서프로그램이 유아의 자아 존중감과 친사회적 행동 및 공격성에 미치는 영향을 검증하기 위해 이루어졌다. 연구대상은 J시 2개 유아교육기관에서 선정된 만 5세 유아 총 40명이며, 이 중 B유치원에 다니는 유아 20명을 실험집단으로 D유치원에 다니는 유아 20명을 통제집단으로 배정하였다. 유아의 자아존중감과 공격성은 질문지법으로 측정하였고, 유아의 친사회적 행동은 면접법을 활용하여 검사하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 리더십 독서프로그램이 유아의 자아존중감의 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 리더십 독서프로그램이 유아의 친사회성 향상에 긍정적인 효과를 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 리더십 독서프로그램이 유아의 공격성 감소에도 긍정적인 효과를 미치는 것으로 나타났다. The study was intended to practically verify the effect on children's self-esteem, pro-social behavior, aggressive behavior based upon the leadership program centered fairy tales. The subject in the study were 40 children attending nursery located in J city. Experiment group children were 20 of the age of 5 years old and compared group were 20 of the 5 years old. children's self-esteem and aggressive behavior were measured by questionnaire and children's pro-social behavior was measured by interview. The results were as follows. First, it was found that the leadership program centered fairy tales had positive effect on improvement of children's self-esteem. Second, it was found that the leadership program centered fairy tales had positive effect on improvement of children's pro-social behavior. Third, it was found that the leadership program centered fairy tales had positive effect on reduction of children's aggressive behavior.

청소년의 공격성과 관련변인 간의 인과관계

하영희(Ha Yeong Hui),Carolyn Pope Edwards 한국아동학회 2004 아동학회지 Vol.25 No.2

In this study of adolescent aggression, the subjects were 320 male and female 7th and 8th grade students in Changwon. Data were collected with questionnaires and analyzed by Pearson`s correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results showed that, 1) low friend support, empathy, and prosocial behavior had direct paths to adolescent overt aggression. 2) Low teacher and friend support, empathy, and prosocial behavior had direct paths to adolescent verbal aggression. 3) Low empathy and self-esteem were indirectly related to adolescent aggression through low prosocial behavior. 4) Low teacher support was indirectly related to adolescent aggression through low empathy and self-esteem. 5) Low friend support was indirectly related to adolescent aggression through low self-esteem.

부모의 양육태도가 자아존중감을 매개로 청소년의 친사회적 행동과 공격성에 미치는 영향

장혜림 ( Hae Lim Chang ),정익중 ( Ick Joong Chung ) 한국가족사회복지학회 2013 한국가족복지학 Vol.40 No.-

The purpose of this study was to identify whether the positive pathways results in positive developmental outcomes and the negative pathways results in negative developmental outcomes. This study examined the impact of parenting attitudes on prosocial behavior and aggression mediated by self-esteem. This study utilized structural equation modeling of the 1st and 2nd wave data from 2,351 first graders in the middle schools taken from the Korean Children Youth Panel Study(KCYPS) administered by the Youth Policy Institute. Results showed that youth perceived affection parenting were more likely to be involved in prosocial behavior as a positive outcome. On the other hand, youth perceived interference parenting were more likely to be involved in aggression as a negative outcome. Second, when the impact separated by positive self-esteem and negative self-esteem were examined, positive self-esteem affected prosocial behavior but negative self-esteem affected aggression. Third, based upon results of effect decomposition, positive developmental outcomes appeared to be affected most through positive parenting and mediation process; and negative developmental outcomes appeared to be affected most through negative parenting and mediation process in terms of the total effect. Finally, practice implications for youth welfare were discussed. We should take characteristics of developmental outcomes and the context into account when planning interventions to decrease risk factors and increase protective factors.

게임이 사용자의 공격성ㆍ사회성ㆍ정서에 미치는 영향: 메타분석 연구

이은하 ( Eun-ha Lee ),강진원 ( Jinwon Kang ),김제홍 ( Jeahong Kim ),안주희 ( Joohee Ahn ),강귀영 ( Kathleen Gwi-young Kang ),김준우 ( Joonwoo Kim ),이솔빈 ( Solbin Lee ),조성학 ( Seonghak Jo ),남기춘 ( Kichun Nam ) 한국감성과학회 2020 감성과학 Vol.23 No.4

In this study, we examined the effects of video game play on a variety of areas of mental well-being, such as aggressive behavior, aggressive cognition, prosocial behavior, prosocial attitude, antisocial behavior, antisocial attitude, positive affect, and negative affect. We conducted a multivariate meta-analysis on 22 studies (k= 54, N = 8,031) published between January 2008 and October 2019. The results of the meta-analysis indicate that exposure to violent video games significantly increased aggressive cognition and negative affect only in true experimental studies, but their influences were small. Furthermore, the exposure to violent video games did not increase aggressive behavior and negative affect across all the research designs (true experimental, quasi-experimental, and correlational). Moderator analyses revealed that the effects of exposure to violent video games were much larger for younger adults than for children and greater in male-biased studies than in gender-balanced ones. Additionally, studies using better methodologies were less likely to produce negative effects. These findings suggest that the effects of exposure to violent video games on aggression were not as severe as popular opinion holds, and the effects were heavily modulated by the age and gender ratio of the participants, and methodological quality of the studies.

아동의 언어발달 특성과 공격성 및 친사회적 행동에 관한 연구 : 만 2세 아동을 대상으로

홍혜정 한국아동심리치료학회 2017 한국아동심리치료학회지 Vol.12 No.3

The purpose of this study was to investigate that the character of language development by children and the influence that aggressive and prosocial behavior on focusing two years old. The target on this study 208 two years old children. This study was to check socio-demographic items to find differ depend on sex and monthly age by two years old children’s mother. And the character of language development was to assess their mother and the aggressive and prosocial behavior to assess their teacher. So this study collected 208 two years old children data for statistics analysis to use SPSS 20.0. At the result this study follow that; At first, language development of two years old children was not to relate by sex, but to relate by monthly age. Second, ‘express language’ were found to negatively influence their ‘language aggression’ as subscale for aggression, but ‘receptive language’ were not found to significantly influence aggression of two years old children. Third, ‘express language’ were found to positively influence prosical behavior for all subscale, but ‘receptive language’ were not found to significantly influence for statistic. This study results were to suggestive that language development of two years old was to influence their aggressive and prosocial behavior. So it seems to contribute to use basic information for pervasive development on childhood.

PPI-R 중 대담성과 냉담성이 친사회적 공격성과 희생적 경호활동심리에 미치는 영향

정주섭 한국보안관리학회(구 한국경호경비학회) 2015 시큐리티연구 Vol.- No.44