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김희영(金希英) 한국일본문화학회 2017 日本文化學報 Vol.0 No.75
Generally, Okinawans live according to the solar calendar, but they celebrate the traditional town occasions or ceremonies for their god and family events according to the lunisolar calendar. Both the solar calendar and the lunisolar calendar exists in their daily lives. This paper is to study the different layers of the community in regards to the reorganization of the time for enforcement of the ritual “Hatsugan” among the traditional events for New Year`s Day. It is based on the field survey results in Shinzato, Nanjo-city, carried out from December 2015 to January 2016. Because New Year`s Day is a public holiday and the community members can be assembled, “Hatsugan” is celebrated on the date indicated on the solar calender; it is not on the lunisolar calendar, which is more related to their everyday lives in Shinzato. However, the primary purpose of “Uganbutuchi,” celebrated on December 24<SUP>th</SUP> of the lunisolar calendar, is to remove the hope in the year “Hatsugan.” By erasing the existing hope, they can pray for the new year. Originally, the new year “Hatsugan” is followed by “Uganbutuchi,” but because the date of “Hatsugan” is celebrated according to the solar calendar, the new year"s prayer is offered up without removing the last year`s hope. It is the same with the case of Minei, Nanjo-city. Considering the purpose of the ritual, the change of the time for enforcement of “Uganbutuchi” can lead to the destruction of the ritual. Through this example, it was confirmed that a folk ritual could be reorganized and destroyed by the changing circumstances and its adaptabilities.
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이강옥(Lee, Kang-ok) 국어국문학회 2013 국어국문학 Vol.- No.165
This article analyses Kukchangsheorok(菊窓?錄) edited by Whoweon Lee (李厚源). Kukchangsheorok(菊窓?錄) represents the image of ‘ideal king’, ‘ideal Sadaebu(士大夫)’, and ‘the desirable relationship between kings and Sadaebus. Ideal king is very strict in reflecting himself and generous in taking care of retainer and people. He practices filial piety towards his parents, and strictly disciplines his children. The most important virtue of ideal king is the ability to choose the wise men and to listen to their expostulation. Ideal Sadaebu holds fast to his principle and ideology. He leads a sincere and austere life. He willingly remonstrates with the king about his foolish conduct and behaviors. Keeping his belief and cause is the most important value, He would not confer with the vulgar people not to taint his principle. Promoting public interests and keeping justice are his priorities. Prerequisite to the desirable relationship between king and Sadaebu is king’s will and ability to find the talented subjects without being confined to the traditional measures of appointing officials. Once chosen, the subject would have king’s total support. The king would listen to the remonstrance of the retainer, reflecting on himself. In return, the retainer should demonstrate extraordinary ability in administration or scholarship, and remonstrate with the king without any reservation. Whoweon Lee(李厚源) tried to find a solution of the crisis in the relationship between king and retainer of his time by selecting those anecdotes which incorporated ideal relationship between king and his subjects. Kukchangsheorok(菊窓?錄) tried to give lesson not only to king but also to Sadaebu through the representation of the ideal cases. Rather than following the tradition of Japrok(雜錄), Kukchangsheorok(菊窓?錄) selected the episodes from didactic books. Kukchangsheorok(菊窓?錄) highlighted frugality, filial piety, expostulation and uprightness as the essential virtues of ideal king and his retainers, while avoiding adapting the negative anecdotes of unworthy kings. By foregrounding the positive parts of the past society, Whoweon Lee(李厚源) wanted to console his contemporary society and to give the model example which people could emulate. Kukchangsheorok(菊窓?錄) used epitaph as a significant source of anecdotes. Since epitaph aims to announce the owner of the tomb and to explain his life to the posterity, epitaph inclined to take the tone of praise and commemoration. The positive perspective and narrative method of Kukchangsheorok(菊窓?錄) came from those of epitaph. It can be concluded that Kukchangsheorok(菊窓?錄) is a kind of epitaph written on papers, enabling many model kings and Sadaebus’s virtuous personalities to shine. Future generations would try to emulate their virtuous personalities and principles, by reading Kukchangsheorok(菊窓?錄).
KCI
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