CIE L<SUP>*</SUP>a<SUP>*</SUP>b<SUP>*</SUP> 칼라 공간의 성분 영상 a<SUP>*</SUP>을 이용한 효과적인 여드름 검출

박기홍(Ki-Hong Park),노희성(Hui-Seong Noh) 한국디지털콘텐츠학회 2018 한국디지털콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.19 No.7

Today, modern people perceive skin care as part of their physical health care, and acne is a common skin disease problem that is found on the face. In this paper, an effective acne detection algorithm using CIE L<SUP>*</SUP>a<SUP>*</SUP>b<SUP>*</SUP> color space has been proposed. It is red when the pixel value of the component image a<SUP>*</SUP> is a positive number, so it is suitable for detecting acne in skin image. First, the skin image based on the RGB color space is subjected to light compensation through color balancing, and converted into a CIE L<SUP>*</SUP>a<SUP>*</SUP>b<SUP>*</SUP> color space. The extracted component image a<SUP>*</SUP> was normalized, and then the skin and acne area were estimated with the threshold values. Experimental results show that the proposed method detects acne more effectively than the conventional method based on brightness information, and the proposed method is robust against the reflected light source.

Dynamic Multi-Agent Pathfinding Algorithm(DMAP) using Optimized A* (OPA*)

Abhilash Sreeramaneni,Chan KOH 한국정보기술학회 2015 Proceedings of KIIT Conference Vol.2015 No.6

In day todays advanced gaming technology and real world transportation an intelligent pathfinder is necessary, for user satisfaction. This paper presents a multi-agent pathfinding algorithm (MAPF) for dynamic environments, where objects consistently change due its nature. Several pathfinding algorithms are exists today such as regular A<SUP>*</SUP>, IDA<SUP>*</SUP> etc. All these methods are built for static environment, typically performs low quality in dynamic environments. In this paper we apply our search algorithm in connected grid (3*3=9), to construct the real world environment. In this context first we proposed optimized A<SUP>*</SUP> (OPA<SUP>*</SUP>) to reduce the regular A<SUP>*</SUP> concerns such as, CPU cycles, expanding surplus nodes and memory issues. At last we implement centralized version of optimized A<SUP>*</SUP> with the help of hlocal. Local heuristic hlocal, calculate movement cost from start to goal and recursively from goal to start nodes (at main-level). Next it will assign links between the graphs and calculate minimum distance cost by evaluating, the nearest neighbor nodes of both ends. Finally agent triggers the OPA<SUP>*</SUP> (at sublevel), to calculate the optimized path between, a connected grids. We evaluate our method in two different random grid world with four different walls frequencies. In all environments our proposed algorithm (DMAP), achieves 60-75% efficiency without exponential complexity (i.e., Execution time, memory consumption, agents and ratio (cells\ms) than existing algorithms.

실시간 적응 A<SUP>*</SUP> 알고리즘과 기하학 프로그래밍을 이용한 선박 최적항로의 2단계 생성기법 연구

박진모(Jinmo Park),김낙완(Nakwan Kim) 한국해양공학회 2015 韓國海洋工學會誌 Vol.29 No.3

This paper proposes a new approach for solving the weather routing problem by dividing it into two phases with the goal of fuel saving. The problem is to decide two optimal variables: the heading angle and speed of the ship under several constraints. In the first phase, the optimal route is obtained using the Real-Time Adaptive A<SUP>*</SUP> algorithm with a fixed ship speed. In other words, only the heading angle is decided. The second phase is the speed scheduling phase. In this phase, the original problem, which is a nonlinear optimization problem, is converted into a geometric programming problem. By solving this geometric programming problem, which is a convex optimization problem, we can obtain an optimal speed scheduling solution very efficiently. A simple case of numerical simulation is conducted in order to validate the proposed method, and the results show that the proposed method can save fuel compared to a constant engine output voyage and constant speed voyage.

분광측정기를 이용한 자연 치아의 색조 비교 분석

김사학(Sa-Hak Kim),황성식(Seong-Sig Hwang),이혜은(Hye-Eun Lee) 한국콘텐츠학회 2016 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.16 No.2

본 연구는 상악 전치부 색조 선택에 객관적인 기준을 설정하고자 색체계 Shade-Eye NCC를 이용하여 CIE L<SUP><SUP>*</SUP></SUP>, a<SUP>*</SUP>, b<SUP>*</SUP>값으로 측정하여 이 값들을 비교 분석하고 그 의미를 고찰하고자 실시되었다. 치과를 내원하는 환자에게 연구 의도를 설명해 주고 동의를 얻어 111명(남자 50명, 여자 61명)의 3개 치아, 즉 상악 중절치, 상악 측절치, 상악 견치 총 333개의 치아를 측색하였다. 절단부와 치경부의 색차를 비교한 결과 상악견치의 ΔE<SUP>*</SUP>값이 5.81(±2.98)으로 가장 낮았으며, 상악 측절치 6.51(±3.23), 상악 중절치의 7.51(±3.04) 순으로 점차 그 색차가 커지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 중절치와 측절치, 견치 모두 여성이 남성에 비해 명도(L<SUP>*</SUP>)가 높았으며, 황색채도(b<SUP>*</SUP>)는 중절치에서 남성이 여성보다 약간 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 연령은 중절치의 명도(L<SUP>*</SUP>), 적색채도(a<SUP>*</SUP>), 황색채도(b<SUP>*</SUP>), 측절치와 견치의 명도(L<SUP>*</SUP>), 황색채도(b<SUP>*</SUP>)에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 흡연은 자연치의 색조에 유의미한 영향을 미치지 못하였으며, 음주는 중절치의 명도(L<SUP>*</SUP>)를 감소시키며, 측절치의 적색채도(a<SUP>*</SUP>)를 감소시키는 경향을 나타냈다(p<0.05). 만성질환은 중절치와 측절치의 명도(L<SUP>*</SUP>)를 감소시키는 경향을 나타냈다(p<0.05). This study is to set the objective criteria on maxillary incisors shade selection by using the colorimetric Shade-Eye NCC as measuring in CIE L<SUP>*</SUP>, a<SUP>*</SUP>, b<SUP>*</SUP> values, and look into the meaning by analyzing its values. We explain the purpose of this study and gotten their agreement from patients visiting the dentist, 111 people’s (men 50, women 61) three teeth, the maxillary central incisor, maxillary lateral incisor, maxillary canines, total of 333 teeth colorimetry. As a result of comparing the differences in colors between cervical margin and incisal edge, ΔE<SUP>*</SUP> of canine is shown as low as 5.81(±2.98), followed by lateral incisor of maxilla as 6.51(±3.23) and central incisor of maxilla 7.51(±3.04). Females show higher luminosity(L<SUP>*</SUP>) than males do in all teeth- central incisor, lateral incisor and canine; in yello chroma(b<SUP>*</SUP>) males’ central incisor is slightly higher than that of females (p<0.05). Age significantly influences the luminosity and red (a<SUP>*</SUP>) and yellow chroma (b<SUP>*</SUP>) of central incisor(L<SUP>*</SUP>); the luminosity(L<SUP>*</SUP>), and yellow chroma(b<SUP>*</SUP>) of lateral incisor and canine (p<0.05). Smoking doesn’t significantly influence the color of natural teeth. Drinking reduces the luminosity of central incisor as well as red chroma of lateral incisor(p<0.05). A chronic illness is likely to reduce the luminosity of central incisor and lateral incisor(p<0.05).

The Effective Pathfinding Algorithm for Gaming Maps Using Systemized Iterative Deepening A

Abhilash Sreeramaneni(압히라쉬),Chan KOH(고찬) 한국정보기술학회 2015 한국정보기술학회논문지 Vol.13 No.1

A<SUP>*</SUP> algorithm is the de facto standard used for a pathfinding search. IDA* is a space-efficient version of A<SUP>*</SUP>, but it suffers from CPU cycles in the search space (the price for using no storage), repeatedly visiting nodes from left to- right traversal of the search tree. To overcome these concerns, recently fringe search algorithm is launched. At some extent, fringe search algorithm performs iterations same as A<SUP>*</SUP> and IDA<SUP>*</SUP>, but still the fringe search algorithm has some drawbacks, visiting nodes that are irrelevant for the current iteration. In this paper, Systemized Iterative Deepening A<SUP>*</SUP> (SIDA<SUP>*</SUP>) introduced to eliminate in-efficiencies such as, search space, visiting irrelevant nodes. It also detects dead ends and reachs the destination node faster than the existing pathfinding algorithms. We considered on-track strategy for accidental obstacles, in addition we include curvature information to avoid off road in static curves. Finally our experiment results performed on grid based pathfinding application between SIDA<SUP>*</SUP> and A<SUP>*</SUP>. We executed on two different platforms with and without obstacles (walls), in both different platforms SIDA<SUP>*</SUP> achieve 15-35% (i.e., time, length, weight, operation) faster than A<SUP>*</SUP> search algorithm. Evaluation results of proposed framework, On-track strategy shows effective for avoiding obstacles on static curves.

국경을 넘는 인수합병정책의 후생 효과 분석

한성민(Sungmin Han) 한국공공정책학회 2007 공공정책연구 Vol.14 No.2

이 논문은 3개국의 무역 자유화정책에 따른 M&A incentive를 알아보기 위해서 작성을 시작했다. 논문을 작성하기에 앞서 실제 모델이 되는 국가에 대해서 생각을 해보았다. 앞으로 한국은 계속적으로 FTA와 같은 무역 관세 철폐 조약을 추진하려고 할 것이다. 논문의 모델이 되는 국가 A, B, C에 존재하는 기업 fa, fb 그리고 fc는 다음과 같이 설명될 수 있을 것이다. 한국은 세계 경제 10대국에 포함될 수 있지만 아직도 선진국으로 향하는 길은 멀고도 험한 것 같다. 따라서 B국에 존재하는 기업 fb를 한국 시장에 속해 있는 기업이라고 가정하였다. A국은 세계 경제 대국 미국이라고 생각해 보았다. 마지막으로 C국의 fc기업은 유럽 공동체 국가라고 가정하였다. 물론 A국과 C국이 서로 무역을 통한 거래를 할 수도 있겠지만 어떠한 제품에 관해서는 서로간의 시장으로 진출을 하려는 선택을 하기 보다는 그들이 우월한 경쟁력으로 시장을 선점하려고 하는 전략을 택할 수 있기에 다음과 같이 모델을 설정해 보았다. We consider 3 firms" M&A incentives according to different trade liberal policies in 3 countries. We set the model of 3 firms which have different technology through marginal cost and fixed cost. It introduces that a medium technological firm has no M&A incentives to merge an inferior technological firm. I analyze this situation because it is very difficult for a firm with medium technology to enter a market in which a superior firm already exists through M&A in the present world. In case of a superior firm, there exists M&A incentives in a certain level of trade cost and low costs of transferring and adapting technology. However, there are lots of market entry strategies in the real world. Although technology is low, many firms try to merge high technological firms with a vast capital asset. Therefore, to advance this paper, I will consider capital elements besides technological gap later.

Reducing the Search Space for Pathfinding in Navigation Meshes by Using Visibility Tests

Hyungil Kim,Kyeonah Yu,Juntae Kim 대한전기학회 2011 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.6 No.6

A navigation mesh (NavMesh) is a suitable tool for the representation of a three-dimensional game world. A NavMesh consists of convex polygons covering free space, so the path can be found reliably without detecting collision with obstacles. The main disadvantage of a NavMesh is the huge state space. When the A^* algorithm is applied to polygonal meshes for detailed terrain representation, the pathfinding can be inefficient due to the many states to be searched. In this paper, we propose a method to reduce the number of states searched by using visibility tests to achieve fast searching even on a detailed terrain with a large number of polygons. Our algorithm finds the visible vertices of the obstacles from the critical states and uses the heuristic function of A^*, defined as the distance to the goal through such visible vertices. The results show that the number of searched states can be substantially reduced compared to the A^* search with a straight-line distance heuristic.

사해사본 11QPs<SUP>a</SUP>와 시편의 정경화

유윤종(Jong-Yoo Yoon) 연세대학교 신과대학(연합신학대학원) 2006 신학논단 Vol.43 No.-

11Q Ps<SUP>a</SUP> among Dead Sea Psalms Scrolls has brought the issue of canonicity of the book of Psalms since it was published in 1965 by J. A. Sanders. What is the relationship between MT and 11Q Ps<SUP>a</SUP>? On its relationship with MT, 11Q Ps<SUP>a</SUP> provides the following points of dispute: 1) on the order of psalms, it has commons and differences in comparison with MT, 2) it has liturgical purpose, 3) it includes a lot of non-canonical psalms, 4) it argues strongly Davidic authorship, 5) it shows the secondary feature including interpretation on fixed text. This paper pursues the issue of canonicity of the book of Psalms by the above five points of dispute. The five points of disputes do not exclude the probablility of 11Q Ps<SUP>a</SUP> canonicity. Most scholars argue that 11Q Ps<SUP>a</SUP> has nothing to do with canonicity of the book of Psalms, because they consider that MT Psalms acquired its position as a canon before DSS. But Sanders and Wilson propose that 11Q Ps<SUP>a</SUP> is under canonicity toward MT. While discussing on the five subjects on the issue of canonicity of 11Q Ps<SUP>a</SUP>, I suggest 11Q Ps<SUP>a</SUP> is going toward canonicity and shows various historical stages on the canonicity of the book of Psalms. 11Q Ps<SUP>a</SUP> among Dead Sea Psalms Scrolls has brought the issue of canonicity of the book of Psalms since it was published in 1965 by J. A. Sanders. What is the relationship between MT and 11Q Ps<SUP>a</SUP>? On its relationship with MT, 11Q Ps<SUP>a</SUP> provides the following points of dispute: 1) on the order of psalms, it has commons and differences in comparison with MT, 2) it has liturgical purpose, 3) it includes a lot of non-canonical psalms, 4) it argues strongly Davidic authorship, 5) it shows the secondary feature including interpretation on fixed text. This paper pursues the issue of canonicity of the book of Psalms by the above five points of dispute. The five points of disputes do not exclude the probablility of 11Q Ps<SUP>a</SUP> canonicity. Most scholars argue that 11Q Ps<SUP>a</SUP> has nothing to do with canonicity of the book of Psalms, because they consider that MT Psalms acquired its position as a canon before DSS. But Sanders and Wilson propose that 11Q Ps<SUP>a</SUP> is under canonicity toward MT. While discussing on the five subjects on the issue of canonicity of 11Q Ps<SUP>a</SUP>, I suggest 11Q Ps<SUP>a</SUP> is going toward canonicity and shows various historical stages on the canonicity of the book of Psalms.

Breaker 단계 토마토의 착색불량과 호흡률간 상관관계

강호민(Ho-Min Kang),김영식(Young Shik Kim) (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2010 시설원예‧식물공장 Vol.19 No.2

Breaker 단계 토마토의 저온장해 증상은 착색불량과 호흡률 증가 등으로 알려져 있다. 본 실험은 이러한 저온 장해 증상과 맞물려 나타나는 이산화탄소 발생 증가와의 관계를 분석하고, 나아가 저장 중 원예산물 저온장해의 판단기준으로 이용할 수 있는 기초 자료를 만들고자 실시하였다. Breaker 단계로 선별된 토마토는 2℃에서 1차로 0, 3, 6, 9일간 2차로 0, 1, 2, 3, 10 일간 저장 후 상온으로 옮겨 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48시간마다 호흡률을 측정하였다. 저온장해로 인한 토마토 과실의 호흡률은 1일 저장 처리구부터 증가하였으며 저온 저장기간이 길어질수록 발생량 증가폭도 커졌다. Breaker 단계 토마토의 과피색은 a* 값으로 나타내었는데 각 기간별로 저온저장 후 상온으로 옮겨 10일째에 측정하였는데 Breaker 단계 토마토는 2일 저장 처리구부터 a* 값이 증가가 둔화되면서 착색불량이 나타났다. 저온저장 기간에 증가함에 따라 증가한 호흡률과 반대로 감소한 a* 값의 상관계수(r)는 0.9716로 1%의 유의성을 나타내었다 이상의 결과로 보아 Breaker 단계 토마토의 경우 저온 저장후 상온으로 옮긴 직후 이산화탄소 발생 양상으로 저온장해를 미리 진단할 수 있었으며, 그 발생량 증가폭으로 저온장해 정도도 파악할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. Breaker stage tomato fruits that were stored at low temperatures show typical chilling symptoms such as uneven ripening and a high respiration. Experiments were performed to assess and compare these chilling injury symptoms of breaker stage tomato fruits, and to gather basic data that can be used to decide whether horticultural crops receive chilling injuries. Tomato fruits that had been sorted in the breaker stage were stored at 2℃ for 0, 3, 6, and 9 days, and then their respiration rates were measured at 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h after moving them to room temperature. This treatment was repeated twice on the same procedures, except the storage periods, which were changed to 0, 1, 2, 3, and 10 days. The respiration rate was increased in a 1 day storage treatment, and the increasing rate rose higher with extended storage periods. The a* value, which represents the surface color of tomato fruits, was measured 10 days after moving to them into room temperature. Those with an increased a* value rate got dull and showed uneven coloring after 2 days’ storage treatment. These two factors, the respiration rate and a* value of the surface, showed a high correlation (r = 0.9716, p < 0.001). Therefore, the chilling injury of breaker stage tomato fruits can be diagnosed by measuring the respiration rate after moving them into room temperature, and the degree of chilling injury can also be assessed in terms of the respiration increase rate.

Relationship between Poor Immunogenicity of HLA-A2-Restricted Peptide Epitopes and Paucity of Naive CD8⁺ T-Cell Precursors in HLA-A2-Transgenic Mice

Choi, Yoon Seok,Lee, Dong Ho,Shin, Eui-Cheol 대한면역학회 2014 Immune Network Vol.14 No.4

We examined the immunogenicity of H-2 class I-restricted and HLA-A2-restricted epitopes through peptide immunization of HLA-A2-transgenic mice that also express mouse H-2 class I molecules. All four of the tested epitopes restricted by H-2 class I robustly elicited T-cell responses, but four of seven epitopes restricted by HLA-A2 did not induce T-cell responses, showing that HLA-A2-restricted peptide epitopes tend to be poorly immunogenic in HLA-A2-transgenic mice. This finding was confirmed in HLA-A2-transgenic mice infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing hepatitis C virus proteins. We examined the precursor frequency of epitope-specific na?ve CD8⁺ T cells in HLA-A2-transgenic and conventional C57BL/6 mice and found that the poor immunogenicity of HLA-A2-restricted peptide epitopes is related to the paucity of na?ve CD8⁺ T-cell precursors in HLA-A2-transgenic mice. These results provide direction for the improvement of mouse models to study epitope repertoires and the immunodominance of human T-cell responses.