Comparison of trophic factors changes in the hippocampal CA1 region between the young and adult gerbil induced by transient cerebral ischemia.

Yan, Bing Chun,Park, Joon Ha,Kim, Sung Koo,Choi, Jung Hoon,Lee, Choong Hyun,Yoo, Ki-Yeon,Kwon, Young-Geun,Kim, Young-Myeong,Kim, Jong-Dai,Won, Moo-Ho Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 2012 Cellular and molecular neurobiology Vol.32 No.8

<P>In the present study, we investigated neuronal death/damage in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) and compared changes in some trophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in the CA1 between the adult and young gerbils after 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. Most of pyramidal neurons (89%) were damaged 4 days after ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) in the adult; however, in the young, about 59% of pyramidal neurons were damaged 7 days after I-R. The immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF, not GDNF, in the CA1 of the normal young were lower than those in the normal adult. Four days after I-R in the adult group, the immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF were distinctively decreased, and the immunoreactivity and level of GDNF were increased. However, in the young group, all of their immunoreactivities and levels were much higher than those in the normal young group. From 7 days after I-R, all the immunoreactivities and levels were apparently decreased compared to those of the normal adult and young. In brief, we confirmed our recent finding: more delayed and less neuronal death occurred in the young following I-R, and we newly found that the immunoreactivities of trophic factors, such as BDNF, GDNF, and VEGF, in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 in the young gerbil were much higher than those in the adult gerbil 4 days after transient cerebral ischemia.</P>

인체 공중 동작 시뮬레이션 프로그램 개발

성낙준,권영후 한국운동역학회 1994 한국운동역학회지 Vol.4 No.2

A comprehensive simulation software package was developed in C base on the work done by Yeadon et al.(1990) and Kwon (1993a) in the aim of making it easy to apply the experimental simulation technigues to the human airborne movement studies. This package consists of 3 programs: simulation variable computation program (PREP), simulation program (SIM) and the 3-dimensional graphic program (3DMAN). All programs are driven by an easy-to-use menu system and written compatible to KWON3D Motion Analysis Package Version 2.1 (Kwon, 1993b). Program PREP consists of 4 menus: `Edit Data´, `Prepare´ `Angular Momentum´ and `Optimization´. The `Edit Data´ environment is an editor for the lengths of the segments and body lines. The `Prepare´ menu computes the internal orientation angles of the segments while the `Angular Momentum´ menu computes the mean airborne angular momentum of the body and other initial conditions such as the initial position and velocity of the body CM and the initial external orientation of the body. The `Optimization´ menu performs angular momentum optimization proposed by Kwon (1993a). A geometric 15-segment body model - Yeadon-Kwon model (Kwon, 1993b) - with at most 38 degrees of freedom including 3 external orientation angles (somersault, inclination and twist angles) was employed to compute the simulation variables. SIM consists of 2 menus: `Edit Angles´ and `Simulate´. The `Edit Angles´ environment is an editor for the internal orientation angles of the segments. Users can intentionally manipulate the internal orientation angles for the simulation of modified trials. The program displays time-angle curves segment by segment. The `Simulate´ menu actually performs simulation. The initial conditions can be directly manipulated in the program menu environment. The simulation program was tested by several theoretical configurations to screen out the flaws in the theory and to isolate coding mistakes. The simulated results were compared with the predicted results and the program showed good agreements between the simulated results and the theoretical predictions. The simulation program was then applied to several gymnastic maneuvers and springboard dives for testing. 3DMAN was developed in the extension of the traditional `Stick Figure´ graphics. The program is segment-oriented and the 3-D shape of each segment is defined defined independently in a graphic model file to allow the users to use different body models with different, combinations of segments. The model file was designed easy to edit so as to allow the users to change the graphic model easily to meet their specific needs. The graphic model file can be edited using any text editor such as `EDIT´ of DOS. Once the `3-D Graphics´ option is activated followed by the registration of the graphic model files, the program draws the 3-D shapes of the segments whose model files are registered. All the graphics-related menus including registration of the segment graphic model files are accessible within the graphic environment.

Polystyrene composites containing crosslinked polystyrene-multiwalled carbon nanotube balls

Kwon, Soon-Min,Kim, Hun-Sik,Kim, Don-Young,Yun, Young Soo,Jin, Hyoung-Joon Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2008 Journal of applied polymer science Vol.110 No.6

<P>Crosslinked polystyrene-multiwalled carbon nanotube (PS-MWCNT) balls, which act as conductive microfillers, were prepared by the in situ suspension polymerization of styrene with MWCNTs and divinyl benzene (DVB) as a crosslinking agent. The diameters of the synthesized crosslinked PS-MWCNT balls ranged from 10 to 100 μm and their electrical conductivity was about 7.7 × 10<SUP>−3</SUP> S/cm. The morphology of the crosslinked PS-MWCNT balls was observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The change in the chemical structure of the MWCNTs was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The mechanical and electrical properties of the PS/crosslinked PS-MWCNT ball composites were investigated. It was found that the tensile strength, ultimate strain, Young's modulus, and impact strength of the PS matrix were enhanced by the incorporation of the crosslinked PS-MWCNT balls. In addition, the mechanical properties of the PS/crosslinked PS-MWCNT ball composites were better than those of the PS/pristine MWCNT composites. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008</P>

젊은 여성의 목에 발생한 탄력섬유거짓황색종양 유두진피 탄력섬유용해증

이준호 ( Joon Ho Lee ),권혁부 ( Hyok Bu Kwon ),이애영 ( Ai Young Lee ),이승호 ( Seung Ho Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2009 대한피부과학회지 Vol.47 No.4

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum-like papillary dermal elastolysis (PXE-like PDE) is a rare acquired elastolytic disorder that clinically resembles pseudoxanthoma elasticum. The pathogenesis of this disease is uncertain, but it seems to be related to intrinsic aging, abnormal elastogenesis, a genetic predisposition and exposure to ultraviolet radiation. It generally develops on the sides of the neck and supraclavicular regions in elderly persons. Histologically, the characteristic features are the loss of elastic fibers in the papillary dermis and no solar elastosis. We report here on a case of PXE-like PDE in a 26-year-old female whose skin lesion developed 9 years previously. Despite the preferential occurrence at an old age, our patient was young. (Korean J Dermatol 2009;47(4):431~434)

Fe-0.7%C-2.3%Si강의 미세조직과 기계적 성질에 미치는 잔류 오스테나이트 변태 거동

손제영 ( Je Young Son ),권도영 ( Do Young Kwon ),김지훈 ( Ji Hun Kim ),김원배 ( Won Bae Kim ),예병준 ( Byung Joon Ye ) 한국주조공학회 2012 한국주조공학회지 Vol.32 No.3

This steel has been synthesized integrating concepts from Austempering Ductile Cast Iron (ADI) technology. While ADI has excellent mechanical and physical properties, the Young`s modules of ADI is approximately 20% lower than steel. In addition, the presence of graphite nodules in ADI can be sites of crack initiation, where fracture takes place at graphite matrix interface. Because of this limitations of ADI, there has been a growing interest in austempered steels as structural materials in resent years. In this investigation, a new steel with microstructure composed of ferrite and austenite and with simultaneous high tensile strength (1,150MPa) and high ductility (33%) was developed. The goal of this investigation is to obtain a better understanding of deformation and transformation behaviour in high carbon retained austenite(γHC) and over-saturated ferrite(α) during the plastic deformation. A detailed study of the microstructure of this steel was carried out by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron back scattering diffraction (EBSD) technic. In this way it was shown that BCC phase (BCC) took up the larger part of the nominal strain whereas the a part of retained austenite responded to the mechanincal load by partial martensite transformation, and misorientation change in the retained austenite after plastic strain could be attributed to the large elongation.

Direct effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia in elderly population in the era of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: A case-control study

Kim, Jong Hun,Chun, Byung Chul,Song, Joon Young,Kim, Hyo Youl,Bae, In-Gyu,Kim, Dong-Min,Choi, Young Hwa,Jun, Yoon Hee,Choi, Won Suk,Kang, Seong Hee,Kwon, Hyun Hee,Jeong, Hye Won,Kee, Sae Yoon,Hur, Jia Elsevier Ltd. 2019 Vaccine Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>While herd effects and serotype replacement by childhood pneumococcal protein conjugated vaccines (PCVs) continues to accumulate worldwide, direct effectiveness of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) against pneumococcal diseases in the elderly has been challenged. We estimated the direct effectiveness of PPV23 in the elderly population.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>For a hospital-based case-control study, cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (NBPP) (adults ≥ 65 years) were identified in 14 hospitals participated in the pneumococcal surveillance program from March 2013 to October 2015, following implementation of PPV23 national immunization program (NIP) for the elderly in the Republic of Korea. Controls matched by age, sex, and hospital were selected at ratios of 1:2 (IPD) or 1:1 (NBPP). Clinical data and vaccination records were collected. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated as (1-adjusted odds ratio) × 100.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>We enrolled 148 IPD and 557 NBPP cases, and 295 IPD and 557 NBPP controls for analyses. Overall effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was 28.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) −5.8%–51.6%] and against NBPP was 10.2% (-15.1-30.6) in all patients ≥ 65 years. However, in subgroup analysis of patients aged 65–74 years, PPV23 was protective against IPD [effectiveness 57.4% (19.4–77.5)] and against NBPP [effectiveness 35.0% (2.3–56.7)]. Furthermore, serotype-specific effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was 90.6% (27.6–98.8) for PPV23-unique serotypes and 81.3% (38.6–94.3) for PPV23 serotypes excluding serotype 3.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>This study indicates that PPV23 with broad serotype coverage might be beneficial in preventing IPD and NBPP due to non-PCV13 serotypes in the young-elderly, with potentially increasing effectiveness in the setting of childhood PCV NIP.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> National immunization program for PPV23 for the elderly was implemented in Korea. </LI> <LI> PPV23 was effective against IPD and NBPP for young elderly patients aged 65–74. </LI> <LI> Effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was higher for PPV23 unique serotypes. </LI> <LI> PPV23 was non-protective against IPD caused by PCV13 serotypes. </LI> </UL> </P>

AISI 316 스테인리스강의 크리프-피로 상호작용시 수명예측에 관한 연구

권영일,김범준,임병수 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 2000 論文集 Vol.51 No.2

The effect of tensile hold time on the creep-fatigue interaction in AISI 316 stainless steel was investigated. To study the fatigue characteristics of the material, strain controlled low cycle fatigue(LCF) tests were carried out under the continuous triangular waveshape with three different total strain ranges of 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%. To study the creep-fatigue interaction, 5 min., 10 min., and 30 min. of tensile hold times were applied to the continuous triangular waveshape with the same three total strain ranges. The creep-fatigue life was found to be the longest when the 5 min. tensile hold time was applied and was the shortest when the 30 min. tensile hold time was applied. The cause for the shortest creep-fatigue life under the 30 min. tensile hold time is believed to be the effect of the increased creep damage per cycle as the hold time increases. Under the total strain range of 1%, significant reduction in life was observed as the tensile hold time was increased compared to the result of 2% total strain range. The theoretical prediction obtained by the Modified Coffin-Manson method and the experimental results of creep-fatigue life were found to be in resonable agreement with each other.

장애아동 양육자의 양육부담감과 사회적 지지에 관한 연구

권복순,박영준 한국영유아보육학회 2002 한국영유아보육학 Vol.0 No.29

A questionnaire was administerd to 82 caregivers of disabled childrens attending inclusion daycare centers(IDC) and disabled children only centers(DOC) to study if there were any differences between two groups in terms of caregivers' caregiving burdens and their social supports. Caregivers of DOC have scored higer than those of IOC in all sub categories of caregiving burdens except physical burden and the former appeals higher level of emotional support needs and infomational support needs than the latter. There are positive correlations(person's r=.7~.8) between careging burdens of sub catogories and emotinoal, material, informational, and over-all social supports except instrumental support(r=.3~.4). It is also found that the levels of sub catogories of careging burdens are inlfluenced by the kinds of social supports the caregivers perceive. It is discussed that various social welare services(i.e. Respite-care service) shoud be provided in order to recuce the caregiving burdens and that inclusion daycare policy need to be more emphasized in order for the disabled childrens' wholistic development and social integration.

양극성 장애 급성기 치료에 대한 Lamotrigine과 Lithium의 비교

권영준,정희연,박인준 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.5

연구목적 : 새로운 항경련제인 lamotrigine의 급성기 양극성장애 조증과 우울증에 대한 치료효과를 lithium과 비교 평가하기 위해 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 양극성 장애 조증 환자 47명(남자 26명, 여자 21명)과 양극성 장애 우울증 환자 43명(남자 21명, 여자 22명)에게 각각 무작위로 lamotrigine과 lithium, 그리고 위약을 6주간 투여하였고, 조증 환자는 Young's Rating Scale for Mania를, 우울증 환자는 Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression을 사용하여 매주 그 치료 효과를 평가하였다. 결 과 : 조증 환자들에 대한 lamotrigine의 치료 반응은 첫 3주째 까지는 lithium에 비해 낮고 위약과 유사했으나, 4주 이후에는 lithium과 유사하고 위약에 비해 우수한 치료효과를 보였다. 우울증 환자들에 대한 lamotrigine의 치료 반응은 첫 1주 이후부터 lithium이나 위약에 비해 유의하게 좋았다. Lamo-trigine에 의한 부작용은 피부발진이 1명에서 나타났다. 결 론 : Lamotrigine의 양극성 장애 조증에 대한 치료 효과는 초기에는 lithium 보다 떨어졌으나, 후기에는 lithium에 비견될 만큼 좋았으며, 양극성 장애 우울증에 대한 치료 효과는 lithium에 비해 더 좋은 결과를 나타내었다. Background : To evaluate the efficacy of lamotrigine on bipolar disorder, both manic and depressed episode, the author compared the effects of lamotrigine with lithium and placebo. Method : Forty-seven manic patients with bipolar disorder and 43 depressed patients with bipolar disorder were treated with lamotrigine, lithium or placebo during 6 weeks. Their severity of symptoms were rated weekly using Yong's Rating Scale for Mania and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Results : In manic patients the therapeutic efficacy of lamotrigine was lower than that of lithium during baseline to week 2, but after week 3, lamotrigine was as effective as lithium. In depressed patients the therapeutic efficacy of lamotrigine was superior to lithium from week 2 to endpoint. Most patients tolerated well except that one patient developed skin rashes. Conclusion : Lamotrigine seems to have antimanic and antidepressant effect as lithium in the treatment for acute bipolar disorder.

대청호 유역 오염부하량 산정

권영호,한선임,이준배 대한상하수도학회 2002 상하수도학회지 Vol.16 No.5

The water quality and quanity, pollution loading of the upper and direct inflow streams to DaechungHo Watershed were investigated. It was found that and the major pollution sources in DaechungHo Watershed was livestock waste. The pollution loading ratio of Kuemgang main stream, Bocheongcheon and Sookcheon in the items of BOD, TN and TP were obtained 70%, 20% and 10%, respectively. The delivery loading amounts of DaechongHo were surveyed 10,209 kg day^1 for BOD, 26,397 kg day^1 for COD, 26,288 kg day^1 for TN and 306.0 kg day^1 for TP by 2000 year when applied the 1998 and 1999 year without the flowing amount in three years.