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Nam, Junggyu,Kang, Yoonmook,Kim, Dongseop,Baek, Dohyun,Lee, Dongho,Yang, JungYup Elsevier 2016 Solar energy materials and solar cells Vol.144 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We investigated the surface properties of a Mo back contact for large-area thin-film solar modules with high efficiency and good adhesion between Mo and the absorber layer. It was determined that the appropriate surface properties of Mo would improve the efficiency from 10% to above 15.0±0.21% and narrow the efficiency distribution in large-area modules. The Mo back contact was annealed at various temperatures between room temperature and 230°C in air to control the amount of sodium diffusing from the soda-lime glass substrate during selenization and sulfurization, and to improve the uniformity of the unit cell. Before the heat treatment, the amount of sodium in the patterned area of the unit cell was more than 10 times of that in the central area of the cell. The patterned region with higher Na content had smaller grains than those in the central area with less Na, resulting in many peel-offs and shunting paths. The difference in sodium content was reduced after heat treatment. The optimized surface oxide of the Mo back contact had a thickness of around 3–5nm and consisted of the MoO<SUB>3</SUB> phase. The grain boundary of Mo columnar structure near the surface consisted of the oxide layer.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The surface oxide layer (under 5nm) of Mo back contact improved the efficiency of large modules. </LI> <LI> The reason of the peel-off is the stress of thin film after selenization/sulfurization due to the grain size of CIGSS. </LI> <LI> Shunt paths were reduced after the oxidation of Mo back contact. </LI> <LI> The oxidation of Mo back contact reduced the difference between pattern region and the middle of unit cell. </LI> <LI> The heat treatment of Mo back contact was conducted in the range from room temperature to 230°C. </LI> </UL> </P>
Kwon, Yongbeom,Seo, Jaeyoung,Kang, Yoonmook,Kim, Donghwan,Kim, Jihyun The Optical Society 2018 Optics express Vol.26 No.2
<P>A hybrid silver nanowires (AgNWs)/indium tin oxide (ITO) contact was used as a transparent back-electrode to fabricate a bifacial CdS/CdTe thin-film solar cell. The photovoltaic properties of the bifacial CdS/CdTe thin-film solar cell were investigated under front and back illumination conditions. The hybrid AgNWs/ITO back contact changed the average conversion efficiency from 0.4% (front) and 3.5% (rear) to 8.1% (front) and 0.9% (rear), respectively, improving the sum efficiency from 3.9% (ITO-only) to 9.0%. Our research demonstrates the use of a nanowire network as a transparent electrode in CdS/CdTe thin-film solar cells for bifacial or tandem applications. (C) 2017 Optical Society of America</P>
Park, Sungeun,Park, Hyomin,Kang, Yoonmook,Lee, Hae-Seok,Kim, Donghwan Elsevier 2016 CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Vol.16 No.9
<P>The purpose of this work is to investigate a back surface field (BSF) at a number of wafer resistivities for industrial crystalline silicon solar cells. As indicated in this manuscript, doping a crucible-grown Czochralski (Cz)-Si ingot with Ga offers a sure way of eliminating light-induced degradation (LID) because LID is composed of B and O complex. However, the low segregation coefficient of Ga in Si causes a much wider resistivity variation in the Ga-doped Cz-Si ingot. This resistivity variation in a Cz-Si wafer at different locations varies the performance, as is already known. In the light of a B-doped wafer, we made wider resistivity in Si ingot; we investigated how resistivities affect the solar cell performance as a function of BSF quality. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>