Similarity in Neuronal Firing Regimes across Mammalian Species

Mochizuki, Yasuhiro,Onaga, Tomokatsu,Shimazaki, Hideaki,Shimokawa, Takeaki,Tsubo, Yasuhiro,Kimura, Rie,Saiki, Akiko,Sakai, Yutaka,Isomura, Yoshikazu,Fujisawa, Shigeyoshi,Shibata, Ken-ichi,Hirai, Daich Society for Neuroscience 2016 The Journal of neuroscience Vol.36 No.21

<P>The architectonic subdivisions of the brain are believed to be functional modules, each processing parts of global functions. Previously, we showed that neurons in different regions operate in different firing regimes in monkeys. It is possible that firing regimes reflect differences in underlying information processing, and consequently the firing regimes in homologous regions across animal species might be similar. We analyzed neuronal spike trains recorded from behaving mice, rats, cats, and monkeys. The firing regularity differed systematically, with differences across regions in one species being greater than the differences in similar areas across species. Neuronal firing was consistently most regular in motor areas, nearly random in visual and prefrontal/medial prefrontal cortical areas, and bursting in the hippocampus in all animals examined. This suggests that firing regularity (or irregularity) plays a key role in neural computation in each functional subdivision, depending on the types of information being carried.</P>

Cell panel electrical test for evaluating the electrical characteristics of liquid crystal displays

Yasuhiro Miyake,Atsuto Ota,Hidekazu Nishimura 한국정보디스플레이학회 2015 Journal of information display Vol.16 No.1

Electrical models of liquid crystal display (LCD) have been studied and used in design simulation. Using the right LCD models is indispensable to accomplish high-quality and highly reliable LCDs. This paper presents a cell panel electrical test (Cell-E Test) for evaluating the electrical characteristics of LCDs. The Cell-E Test was derived from in-process electrical testing for thin film transistor arrays, and utilizes charge measurement for measuring the capacitance value of a pixel. The capacitance-voltage (C-V) and capacitance-time (C-t) characteristics can be measured using a sweeping-applied voltage and based on the period of applying voltage in the Cell-E Test. In this study, actual C-V and C-t characteristics were measured by applying the Cell-E Test to a twisted-nematic active-matrix LCD (TN AM-LCD). The parameters of liquid crystal models were extracted from the data measured using the least-squares method, to show that design models can be verified with the actual parameters of cell panels through the Cell-E Test.

Development of "Virtual office" for job training

Yasuhiro Yamanaka,Kazuyuki Itoh,Takenobu Inoue 한국재활복지공학회 2011 한국재활복지공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.11

This study looks into the status of work support at home in work support organizations. We propose the concept of "Virtual office" for job training. We are developing a home virtual office system to acquire IT skills and business manner for persons with disabilities. We executed the one-on-one training to evaluate this system.

Development of Flight Simulator for Human-Powered Aircraft

Yasuhiro Inaba,Yuzo Shimada,Kenji Uchiyama,Kenichi Abe,Yoshio Ishikawa,Takao Sugimoto,Yasuyuki Miyazaki,Yuzo Koyama,Shohei Onishi,Kazuo Matubara,Chikatoshi Satoh,Takao Minejima,Kaname Hirayanagi,Michi 제어로봇시스템학회 2006 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2006 No.10

An Approach to Visual Pattern Recognition by Neural Network System

Yasuhiro HATAKEYAMA,Yukinori KAKAZU 대한전자공학회 1992 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.1992 No.10

In this paper, a visual pattern recognition system is proposed, which can recognize both a pattern and its location. This system, referred to as the expanded neocognitron, has the following capabilities; (1) A higher performance in extraction of features, and (2) A new capability for recognizing the locations of patterns. This system adopts the learning and recognizing mechanism of the neocognitron. First, the ability to classify pattern is enhanced by improving the mechanisms of feature extraction and learning algorithm. Second, the function of detecting the location of each pattern is realized by developing an architecture which does not reduce structure, i.e., the unit density is constant all the way from the input stage to the output stage.

Business-cycle Synchronization among the ASEAN + 3

Yasuhiro Doi 충남대학교 경영경제연구소 2010 경영경제연구 Vol.33 No.2

본 연구의 주요 목적을 동북아시아 국가들 간 경제 통합의 가능성을 연구하는 것으로서, “ASEAN + 3”이라고 불리는 ASEAN 10개국과 중국, 일본, 한국으로 구성된 “동아시아 지역”의 경제통합 현상을 주로 분석한다. 특히 ASEAN + 3국의 경기 순환의 동조화 현상을 분석함으로써 이 국가들이 경기변동에 대해 공통적 경채정책을 시행할 준비가 되어 있는지를 분석한다. 본 연구는 이를 위해 1987 - 2006년 사이의 l인당 GDP의 시계열 자료를 사용하였고 각 국가 간의 상관관계를 계산하였다. 또한 경기 순환 동조화와 무역수지 간의 관계를 밝히기 위해 회귀 분석을 실시했다. 그 결과에 따르면 일본은 동아시아 국가들과 오직 제한적인 수준의 경기 순환 동조화 현상을 보이고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이것은 일본 경제가 동아시아 국가들과 다르게 움직이기 때문일 수 있다. 즉 일본은 동아시아 국가들과 함께 움직인다기보다 선도적으로 앞서서 변동할 가능성이 있다. 다른 한편, 회귀분석 결과로부터 무역량이 두 국가 간 경기 순환 동조화에 강한 영향을 미친다는 증거를 찾기는 어려웠다. 무역과 경기 순환 간에 다소의 연관성을 발견할 수 있었지만 동아시아 모든 국가들에 대해 일반화할 수 있는 전형적인 관계는 아니었다. This study discusses mainly the possibilities of the economic integration among the North East Asian countries. We aim our main focus on the consideration of the “East Asian Economic Integration” composed of 10 ASEAN countries plus China, Japan, and Korea, which we call “ASEAN + 3”. We explore the synchronization of business cycles among ASEAN+3 countries to evaluate whether they are ready to have common economic policy against economic fluctuations. We employ time series data of GDP per capita from 1987 to 2006 and calculate correlations of each countries. Also, we set a regression analysis to clarify the relationship between business cycle synchronization and trade balances. Our results show that the Japan has only limited degree of business cycle co-movements with those Asian countries. It is possible that Japan plays basically a different role in the ASEAN+3. That is, Japan doesn’t co-move with other countries but leads them. On the other hand, from our results through a regression analysis, it is not clear whether the trade volume has strong effects on business cycle synchronization between two countries. There are some connections between trade and business cycle, but it could not be stereotyped relationship for all countries.

WebDAV Frontend for Secret Sharing Storage System

Yasuhiro Morita,Toshiyuki Miyamoto,Shinji Doi,Sadatoshi Kumagai 대한전자공학회 2003 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2003 No.7

South Korea’s Nordpolitik and the Efficacy of Asymmetric Positive Sanctions

Yasuhiro Izumikawa 한국학술연구원 2006 Korea Observer Vol.37 No.4

This article analyzes why Nordpolitik, South Korea’s pos-itive sanctions aimed to improve relations with the SovietUnion and China, succeeded in the early 1990s despite thehuge capability gap between the sender and target states. Inconducting this research, I consider Nordpolitikas a deviantcase of successful asymmetric positive sanctions, and try to605former East Germany. Although this strategy has not attractedmuch attention from scholars of International Relations Theory, itssuccesses significantly transformed security environments in EastAsia (Cotton, 1993; S. Kim, 2004).This article addresses why South Korea’s Nordpolitikscoredremarkable successes in the early 1990s. There are two reasonswhy such successes are puzzling. First, the success of Nordpolitikruns counter to a prevailing notion among policy makers thatpositive sanctions are ineffective statecraft (Drezner, 1999/2000:190; Dorussen, 2001: 253). What makes the successes of Nordpolitik

Efficient Heuristics for Flowshop Scheduling for Minimizing the Makespan and Total Flowtime of Jobs

Yasuhiro Hirakawa,Aya Ishigaki 대한산업공학회 2011 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.10 No.2

The problem of scheduling in permutation flowshops has been extensively investigated by many researchers. Recently, attempts are being made to consider more than one objective simultaneously and develop algorithms to obtain a set of Pareto-optimal solutions. Varadharajan et al. (2005) presented a multi-objective simulated-annealing algorithm (MOSA) for the problem of permutation-flowshop scheduling with the objectives of minimizing the makespan and the total flowtime of jobs. The MOSA uses two initial sequences obtained using heuristics, and seeks to obtain non-dominated solutions through the implementation of a probability function, which probabilistically selects the objective of minimizing either the makespan or the total flowtime of jobs. In this paper, the same problem of heuristically developing non-dominated sequences is considered. We propose an effective heuristics based on simulated annealing (SA), in which the weighted sum of the makespan and the total flowtime is used. The essences of the heuristics are in selecting the initial sequence, setting the weight and generating a solution in the search process. Using a benchmark problem provided by Taillard (1993), which was used in the MOSA, these conditions are extracted in a large-scale experiment. The non-dominated sets obtained from the existing algorithms and the proposed heuristics are compared. It was found that the proposed heuristics drastically improved the performance of finding the non-dominated frontier.

Biomechanical Analysis of a Pedicle Screw-Rod System with a Novel Cross-Link Configuration

Yasuhiro Nakajima,Masahito Hara,Daisuke Umebayashi,Shoichi Haimoto,Yu Yamamoto,Yusuke Nishimura,Toshihiko Wakabayashi 대한척추외과학회 2016 Asian Spine Journal Vol.10 No.6

Study Design: The strength effects of a pedicle screw-rod system supplemented with a novel cross-link configuration were biomechanically evaluated in porcine spines. Purpose: To assess the biomechanical differences between a conventional cross-link pedicle screw-rod system versus a novel crosslink instrumentation, and to determine the effect of the cross-links. Overview of Literature: Transverse cross-link systems affect torsional rigidity, but are thought to have little impact on the sagittal motion of spinal constructs. We tested the strength effects in pullout and flexion-compression tests of novel cross-link pedicle screw constructs using porcine thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. Methods: Five matched thoracic and lumbar vertebral segments from 15 porcine spines were instrumented with 5.0-mm pedicle screws, which were then connected with 6.0-mm rods after partial corpectomy in the middle vertebral body. The forces required for construct failure in pullout and flexion-compression tests were examined in a randomized manner for three different cross-link configurations: un-cross-link control, conventional cross-link, and cross-link passing through the base of the spinous process. Statistical comparisons of strength data were analyzed using Student’s t -tests. Results: The spinous process group required a significantly greater pullout force for construct failure than the control group (p =0.036). No difference was found between the control and cross-link groups, or the cross-link and spinous process groups in pullout testing. In flexion-compression testing, the spinous processes group required significantly greater forces for construct failure than the control and cross-link groups (p <0.001 and p =0.003, respectively). However, there was no difference between the control and cross-link groups. Conclusions: A novel cross-link configuration that features cross-link devices passing through the base of the spinous processes increased the mechanical resistance in pullout and flexion-compression testing compared to un-cross-link constructs. This configuration provided more resistance to middle-column damage under flexion-compression testing than conventional cross-link configuration.