Natural Course of Hepatitis C Infection in Japan

Yano, KoJi,Yatsuhashi, Hiroshi,Yano, Michitami 대한소화기학회 2003 대한소화기학회지 Vol.41 No.3

The natural course of chronic hepatitis C can be classified into several phases. These phases include persistent phase, asymptomatic phase, and active or aggressive phase. Chronic persistent hepatitis progresses very slowly, if any. On the other hand, chronic aggressive hepatitis frequently develops liver cirrhosis soon. The difference between these two probably depends on the host immune system that is related to age, rather than the duration of infection. Our longitudinal study revealed that chronic persistent hepatitis often transforms to active or aggressive hepatitis at around the age of 45. Chronic persistent hepatitis progresses very slowly, if any. On the other hand, chronic aggressive hepatitis frequently develops liver cirrhosis soon. The difference between these two probably depends on the host immune system that is related to age. The unknown factor(s) that are related to the host immune system changes around 45 years of age. Our longitudinal study revealed that chronic persistent hepatitis often transforms to aggressive hepatitis around the age of 45. Accordingly, aging is one of the most important factors that contribute to LC and HCC development.

Comparison of Injection Sclerotherapy Between 5% Phenol in Almond Oil and Aluminum Potassium Sulfate and Tannic Acid for Grade 3 Hemorrhoids

Takaaki Yano,Kenji Yano 대한대장항문학회 2015 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.31 No.3

Purpose: Injection sclerotherapy for hemorrhoids has been performed for many years. Currently, 5% phenol in almond oil (PAO) and aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid (ALTA) are used as the agents. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of the two agents. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted involving 135 patients who underwent injection therapy for grade 3 hemorrhoids for the first time between 2013 and 2014 (PAO, 55 patients; ALTA, 80 patients). The efficacy was established as the proportion (%) of patients without symptoms such as hemorrhage and prolapse one year after treatment. We investigated four factors—sex, age, number of hemorrhoids, and agent—that might have an influence on the efficacy. Results: The efficacies of ALTA and PAO one year after treatment were 75% and 20%, respectively. Only the agent was a significant independent factor (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The results suggest that ALTA is markedly more useful than PAO for injection sclerotherapy for grade 3 hemorrhoids.

An Improvement of Particle Swarm Optimization with A Neighborhood Search Algorithm

Yano, Fumihiko,Shohdohji, Tsutomu,Toyoda, Yoshiaki Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers 2007 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.6 No.1

J. Kennedy and R. Eberhart first introduced the concept called as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). They applied it to optimize continuous nonlinear functions and demonstrated the effectiveness of the algorithm. Since then a considerable number of researchers have attempted to apply this concept to a variety of optimization problems and obtained reasonable results. In PSO, individuals communicate and exchange simple information with each other. The information among individuals is communicated in the swarm and the information between individuals and their swarm is also shared. Finally, the swarm approaches the optimal behavior. It is reported that reasonable approximate solutions of various types of test functions are obtained by employing PSO. However, if more precise solutions are required, additional algorithms and/or hybrid algorithms would be necessary. For example, the heading vector of the swarm can be slightly adjusted under some conditions. In this paper, we propose a hybrid algorithm to obtain more precise solutions. In the algorithm, when a better solution in the swarm is found, the neighborhood of a certain distance from the solution is searched. Then, the algorithm returns to the original PSO search. By this hybrid method, we can obtain considerably better solutions in less iterations than by the standard PSO method.

SUBMANIFOLDS OF CODIMENSION 2 OR 3 WITH PARALLEL SECOND FUNDAMENTAL TENSOR

YANO, KENTARO,ISHIHARA, SHIGERU Korean Mathematical Society 1972 대한수학회지 Vol.9 No.1

Cooperative catalysis of a trinuclear ruthenium(II) complex in transfer hydrogenation of ketones by formic acid

Yano, Y.,Kojima, T.,Fukuzumi, S. Elsevier Sequoia [etc.] 2011 Inorganica chimica acta Vol.374 No.1

A novel TPA derivative (TPA=tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine) having two 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) moieties via amide linkage was synthesized and this ligand reacted with [Ru(hmb)Cl<SUB>2</SUB>]<SUB>2</SUB> (hmb: hexamethylbenzene) to give a trinuclear Ru(II) complex, [RuCl(TPA-{phenRuCl(hmb)}<SUB>2</SUB>-H<SUP>+</SUP>)](PF<SUB>6</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB> (1-Cl), in a moderate yield. The complex involves a deprotonated and oxygen-coordinated amide linkage, which exhibits reversible protonation-deprotonation equilibrium. The chlorido complex was converted to be an aqua complex, [Ru(H<SUB>2</SUB>O)(TPA-{phenRu(H<SUB>2</SUB>O)<SUB>2</SUB>(hmb)}<SUB>2</SUB>-H<SUP>+</SUP>)](SO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>5/2</SUB> (1-H<SUB>2</SUB>O), by the reaction of 1-Cl with Ag<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB> in H<SUB>2</SUB>O. Transfer hydrogenation of ketones was examined by using 1-Cl as a catalyst and HCOONa as a hydride source in H<SUB>2</SUB>O/CH<SUB>3</SUB>OH (1:1 v/v) at 50<SUP>o</SUP>C under Ar. The time-course of the transfer hydrogenation of cyclohexanone to give cyclohexanol revealed that 1-Cl showed a cooperative effect on the catalytic reactivity as compared with that of mononuclear [RuCl(hmb)(phen)] (3-Cl) and [RuCl((1-Naph)<SUB>2</SUB>-TPA)]PF<SUB>6</SUB> in H<SUB>2</SUB>O/CH<SUB>3</SUB>OH (1:2 v/v) under the same conditions. The detailed kinetic study has revealed that the catalytic transfer hydrogenation proceeds via the formato complex, which interacts with a substrate rather than via the hydrido complex. The two Ru centers placed at close proximity in 1-H<SUB>2</SUB>O enhanced the interaction of the formato complex with a substrate, resulting in an increase in the catalytic reactivity as compared with the mononuclear complex.

Preliminary Screening Method for Low Bone Mineral Density Using a Self-Reported Questionnaire among Peri- and Postmenopausal Women

Yano Yudai,Iwata Eiichiro,Sada Takuya,Ueno Yuki,Hyakuda Yoshinobu,Kawasaki Sachiko,Okuda Akinori,Shigematsu Hideki,Uematsu Kota,Yajima Hiroshi,Tanaka Yasuhito 대한척추외과학회 2022 Asian Spine Journal Vol.16 No.6

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.Purpose: We propose a method for screening for low bone mineral density (BMD) among perimenopausal and postmenopausal women using a self-reported questionnaire.Overview of Literature: Osteoporosis is a major health problem worldwide. However, it is not cost-effective to evaluate BMD in all patients. Although several tools for predicting osteoporosis have been established, they do not focus much on low BMD prior to the development of osteoporosis.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 198 women aged 40–70 years who underwent mass screening for osteoporosis at our hospital between 2016 and 2019. The BMD values and the following data were collected: age, body mass index, fracture history, lower back pain, height loss, kyphosis, history of fragility fracture, family history of vertebral or hip fracture, and menopause. The reliability of each data point for the young adult mean <80% was calculated using discriminant analysis. Variables with large weight coefficients were selected and scored. This scoring tool was examined, and a cutoff score for predicting the young adult mean <80% was determined.Results: Sixty-four participants (32.3%) had a young adult mean <80%. According to the weight coefficients, the following five variables were scored as follows: age ≥60 years 3 points, body mass index <22 kg/m2 3 points, lower back pain 1 point, height loss (cm) 1 point, and menopause 1 point. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.738 (95% confidence interval, 0.669–0.807). At cutoff scores of ≥5 and <5, the sensitivity was 82.8%, with specificity of 52.0%.Conclusions: The scoring tool performed well for predicting young adult mean <80% among perimenopausal and postmenopausal women in Japan. This tool may be useful to screen for low BMD.

Reduction of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Livestock Waste A Major Priority for Intensive Animal Production - Review -

Yano, F.,Nakajima, T.,Matsuda, M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1999 Animal Bioscience Vol.12 No.4

In current animal production in Japan, a large surplus of nitrogen and phosphorus is given to animals as their feed which are mostly imported from outside of our own country. Today, an excess of nitrogen and phosphorus from animal manure has been spread out of the area of animal production and the surroundings. These components have become the major reason for eutrophication of ground, surface and inland water. Nutritional studies for the reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus from animal waste has been done by many researchers. The reduction of excess protein in animal feed and the supplementation of deficient essential amino acids to feed have a possibility to increase the biological value of feed and to reduce nitrogen excretion, especially, via urine. The use of phytase activity to degrade phytate and to release utilizable inorganic phosphorus make it possible to cut an excess supply of feed additive inorganic phosphorus and to reduce phosphorus excretion from animal waste.

The Struggle of Love for Peace

Yano Takayoshi 대한공간정보학회 2008 한국지형공간정보학회 학술대회 Vol.2008 No.12

The theme of FAUST play is the struggle between love from God and lust which is made by the devil, Satan. Faust fell due to desire but his satisfaction changed to suffering. Finally he came to his senses of true love. The motif that the devil changes to man and leads woman to temptation to covet her body is common in the literature in Korea and Japan. Japanese Kagai is an old play which celebrates fertility and breeding in the farming festival in the year. Man plays god who visits a virgin to marry with her one night. Woman waits for a visiting of god and accept it in the play of festival. They sing songs which are transmitted from the old times. They enjoy it all night and part in the morning. On the other hand, Song of Cho-jong is a song which has been sung in the spiritual event in Korea historically. The devil which has lust for the wife of Cho-jong visits her home when Cho-jong is not at home and he unites with her. At that time Cho-jong returns home. They are caught in the act in front of Cho-jong but Cho-jong leaves there without saying anything. His action is only singing a song and dancing. The Devil is much moved to generosity of Cho-jong and repents his deed immediately in front of him. The purpose of the devil which appeared in FAUST, Kagai, Song of Cho-jong are all same. Their aim was to have sexual relationship with women. And they did it borrowing the body of man. In the western world it is called the devil and in the east it is called god. But we can regard it as Satan because they tempt human to adultery. We can see that Satan makes woman fall to disrupt her love and peace.

“ON–OFF” switching of europium complex luminescence coupled with a ligand redox process

Yano, Masafumi,Matsuhira, Keisuke,Tatsumi, Masakazu,Kashiwagi, Yukiyasu,Nakamoto, Masami,Oyama, Munetaka,Ohkubo, Kei,Fukuzumi, Shunich,Misaki, Hitomi,Tsukube, Hiroshi The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 Chemical communications Vol.48 No.34

<P>A triarylamine-functionalized terpyridine ligand formed a highly coordinated complex with europium tris(β-diketonate), which displayed reversible ‘‘ON–OFF’’ luminescence switching coupled with a ligand redox process of triarylamine/triarylaminium cations.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A triarylamine-functionalized terpyridine ligand formed a highly coordinated complex with europium tris(β-diketonate), which displayed reversible ‘‘ON–OFF’’ luminescence switching coupled with a ligand redox process of triarylamine/triarylaminium cations. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2cc31078c'> </P>

Phthalate Levels in Beverages in Japan and Korea

Yano, K.,Hirosawa, N.,Sakamoto, Y.,Katayama, H.,Moriguchi, T.,Joung, K. E.,Sheen, Y. Y.,Asaoka, K. 梨花女子大學校 藥學硏究所 2002 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.11

Considerable number of endocrine disruptors (7 compounds) are known today (Japan Environmental Agency, 1998). Among them, phthalates are considered to be in most abundance in our environment. The production of phthalates in Japan was 474 thousand tones in 1998 (Kasozai Kogyo Kai, 1999), around 56% of which was di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) uesd mainly as plasticizers in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) production, is widely used in PVC, nitrocellulose polyvinyl acetate, painting inks, adhesives and lacquers. PVC contains up to 40% phthalates by weight wuthout covalently binding to other ingredients in the PVC(Needham et al., 2000). Thus, significant amounts of DEHP and DBP are easily released from the plastics into the environment during production, used and disposal, resulting in the pollution of food air, water, soil and homes.