Importance of Internationally Recognized Product Specifications for Risk Assessment

Thomas S. Woods 한국농약과학회 2003 한국농약과학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

Devolution and Democracy: Labor Market Policy in Canada and the United Kingdom 1996-2006

Thomas R. Klassen,Donna Wood 한국행정학회 2008 International Review of Public Administration Vol.12 No.2

As a result of the devolution of labor market policy, new governance arrangements have arisen in the past decade in both Canada and the United Kingdom. These emerging relations are analyzed with respect to the degree to which they have facilitated the democratic engagement of stakeholders, citizens and legislators. Post devolution the Canadian federal system demonstrates decreased democratic engagement, while in the United Kingdom it has increased substantially. This is attributable to the competitive intergovernmental relationship in Canada, and the unwillingness on the part of federal and provincial politicians and officials to collectively engage with stakeholders and citizens. In contrast, intergovernmental relations in the early days of United Kingdom devolution are cooperative, due to the presence of civil service and political party accommodation processes not found in Canada. The European Union also contributes to democratic engagement in the United Kingdom, providing an opportunity for social partners and civil society to participate in policy making.

Ribosome dependence of persister cell formation and resuscitation

Thomas K. Wood,Sooyeon Song,Ryota Yamasaki 한국미생물학회 2019 The journal of microbiology Vol.57 No.3

Since most bacterial cells are starving, they must enter a resting stage. Persister is the term used for metabolically-dormant cells that are not spores, and these cells arise from stress such as that from antibiotics as well as that from starvation. Because of their lack of metabolism, persister cells survive exposure to multiple stresses without undergoing genetic change; i.e., they have no inherited phenotype and behave as wild-type cells once the stress is removed and nutrients are presented. In contrast, mutations allow resistant bacteria to grow in the presence of antibiotics and slow growth allows tolerant cells to withstand higher concentrations of antibiotics; hence, there are three closely-related phenotypes: persistent, resistant, and tolerant. In addition, since dormancy is so prevalent, persister cells must have a means for resuscitating (since so many cells should obtain this resting state). In this review, we focus on what is known about the formation and resuscitation of persister cells.

Differences among Men and Women with Schizophrenia: A Study of US and Indian Samples

Pramod Thomas,Joel Wood,Abha Chandra,Vishwajit L Nimgaonkar,Smita N Deshpande 대한신경정신의학회 2010 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.7 No.1

Objective: To test the hypothesis that similar differences in psychopathology are present across cultures among men and women with schizophrenia (SZ). MethodsaaSex based differences were tested systematically in two independent samples from the Northeastern USA and North India using the same procedures. The clinical variables were obtained from five interview instruments. Results: Among the US participants, the number of significant differences exceeded chance predictions (15/240 variables significant at p<0.02, 6.25%; expected number of significant differences: 5). Similarly, a greater than expected number of variables differed significantly between men and women among the Indian subjects (13/230 differences at p<0.02, 5.65%; expected: 5). One of these variables significantly differed in both samples (lifetime abuse of cannabis). When multivariate analyses were conducted in the combined US and Indian samples sex based differences remained for only four variables: course of the illness, history of inappropriate emotions, marital status and number of children. Conclusion: Sex based differences in SZ/schizoaffective disorder are present in the USA and India at greater than chance probabilities. The majority of the variables differ across the samples. The biological underpinnings of these variables need further investigation.

Roles of Indole Compounds in Pathogenic Biofilm and Virulence

Jintae LEE,Thomas K WOOD 한국생물공학회 2009 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.4

Concepts and practices used to develop functional PLGA-based nanoparticulate systems

Sah, Hongkee,Thoma, Laura A,Desu, Hari R,Sah, Edel,Wood, George C Dove Medical Press 2013 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE Vol.8 No.-

<P>The functionality of bare polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) nanoparticles is limited to drug depot or drug solubilization in their hard cores. They have inherent weaknesses as a drug-delivery system. For instance, when administered intravenously, the nanoparticles undergo rapid clearance from systemic circulation before reaching the site of action. Furthermore, plain PLGA nanoparticles cannot distinguish between different cell types. Recent research shows that surface functionalization of nanoparticles and development of new nanoparticulate dosage forms help overcome these delivery challenges and improve in vivo performance. Immense research efforts have propelled the development of diverse functional PLGA-based nanoparticulate delivery systems. Representative examples include PEGylated micelles/nanoparticles (PEG, polyethylene glycol), polyplexes, polymersomes, core-shell–type lipid-PLGA hybrids, cell-PLGA hybrids, receptor-specific ligand-PLGA conjugates, and theranostics. Each PLGA-based nanoparticulate dosage form has specific features that distinguish it from other nanoparticulate systems. This review focuses on fundamental concepts and practices that are used in the development of various functional nanoparticulate dosage forms. We describe how the attributes of these functional nanoparticulate forms might contribute to achievement of desired therapeutic effects that are not attainable using conventional therapies. Functional PLGA-based nanoparticulate systems are expected to deliver chemotherapeutic, diagnostic, and imaging agents in a highly selective and effective manner.</P>

Impact of Sb Incorporation on MOVPE-Grown “Bulk” InGaAs(Sb)N Films for Solar Cell Application

Kim, Taewan,Wood, Adam,Kim, Honghyuk,Kim, Youngjo,Lee, Jaejin,Peterson, Mark,Sin, Yongkun,Moss, Steven,Kuech, Thomas F.,Babcock, Susan,Mawst, Luke J. IEEE 2016 IEEE journal of photovoltaics Vol.6 No.6

<P>We have investigated the impacts of Sb incorporation on the microstructural, optical, electrical, and carrier dynamics properties of bulk InGaAsSbN films in a comparative study of In-GaAsN and InGaAsSbN materials grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). These films were grown at the relatively high temperature of 600 degrees C and annealed at 800 degrees C for 30 min. Transmission electron microscopy studies indicate compositional and structural homogeneity of the InGaAsN and InGaAsSbN films. Low-temperature time-resolved photoluminescence measurements of the MOVPE-grown InGaAsN film show a longer minority carrier lifetime (similar to 40 ns) than observed for the InGaAsSbN film (similar to 26 - 27 ns). In addition, single-junction solar cells with an InGaAsN (In-GaAsSbN) base layer exhibit an open-circuit voltage of 0.64 (0.58) V, a short-circuit current of 17.13 (16.89) mA/cm2, a fill factor (FF) of 77.55 (74.29)%, and an efficiency of 8.57 (7.31)%. Sb incorporation in InGaAsN adversely affects solar cell performance due to a reduced minority carrier lifetime correlated with the formation of defects and narrow depletion region width resulting from a higher background carbon impurity level.</P>

Roles of Indole as an Interspecies and Interkingdom Signaling Molecule

Lee, Jin-Hyung,Wood, Thomas K.,Lee, Jintae Elsevier 2015 Trends in microbiology Vol.23 No.11

<P>A number of bacteria, and some plants, produce large quantities of indole, which is widespread in animal intestinal tracts and in the rhizosphere. Indole, as an interspecies and interkingdom signaling molecule, plays important roles in bacterial pathogenesis and eukaryotic immunity. Furthermore, indole and its derivatives are viewed as potential antivirulence compounds against antibiotic-resistant pathogens because of their ability to inhibit quorum sensing and virulence factor production. Indole modulates oxidative stress, intestinal inflammation, and hormone secretion in animals, and it controls plant defense systems and growth. Insects and nematodes can recognize indole, which controls some of their behavior. This review presents current knowledge regarding indole and its derivatives, their biotechnological applications and their role in prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems.</P> <P><B>Trends</B></P> <P>A variety of bacteria, and some plants, produce large quantities of indole, and thus, indole and its derivatives are widespread in prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities. Recently, indole was shown to be an intercellular, interspecies, and interkingdom signaling molecule.</P> <P>Indole and its derivatives can suppress the bacterial pathogenesis of several antibiotic-resistant pathogens by inhibiting quorum sensing and virulence factor production.</P> <P>Insects sense indole, which controls their behavior. Furthermore, indole controls plant defense systems and growth, and modulates oxidative stress, intestinal inflammation, and hormone secretion in animals. Emerging data suggest that indoles may influence human diseases, such as inflammatory, neurological, and metabolic diseases.</P>

Trichloroethylene 의 분해를 위한 soluble methane monooxygenase 를 발현하는 재조합 미생물의 제조

장덕진 ( Deok Jin Jahng ),Thomas K . Wood 한국화학공학회 1996 화학공학의이론과응용 Vol.2 No.2

팩트체크의 세계적 유효성: 아르헨티나, 나이지리아, 남아공, 영국의 동시 실험 결과

이선 포터(Ethan Porter),토머스 J. 우드(Thomas J. Wood) 시청자미디어재단 2022 팩트체크 동향리포트 'FACT(팩트)' Vol.- No.4

오인정보의 확산은 세계적 현상으로 선거, 국가가 묵인한 폭력, 건강결과 등과 관련해 시사하는 바가 크다. 하지만 학자들이 오인정보에 대한 믿음을 감소시킬 수 있는 팩트체크의 능력을 연구해 왔음에도 이러한 접근법의 세계적 유효성을 입증하는 근거는 거의 존재하지 않는다. 여기서 기술되는 팩트체크 실험은 아르헨티나, 나이지리아, 남아공, 영국에서 동시 실시된 것으로 이러한 실험을 통해 우리는 팩트체크에 의한 오인정보에 대한 믿음의 장기적 감소 여부를 연구했다. 우리는 총 22건의 팩트체크를 평가하였으며 이 중 2건은 4개국 모두에서 실험되었다. 팩트체크는 오인정보에 대한 믿음을 감소시켰으며 대부분의 효과는 2주가 지난 후에도 분명하게 확인되었다. 메타분석 절차에 따르면 팩트체크를 통해 오인정보에 대한 믿음은 5점 척도 상에서 최소 0.59점 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 오인정보 노출로 인한 그릇된 믿음의 증가는 동일 척도 상에서 0.07점에도 미치지 못했다. 팩트체크는 오인정보에 대한 믿음을 감소시켰으며 많은 경우 그 효과는 오랜 기간 지속되었다.