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Peripheral Blood NK Cells Reflect Changes in Decidual NK Cells in Women With Recurrent Miscarriages
Park, Dong Wook,Lee, Hyun Joo,Park, Chan Woo,Hong, Sung Ran,Kwak-Kim, Joanne,Yang, Kwang Moon Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 American journal of reproductive immunology Vol.63 No.2
<P><B>Citation</B> Park DW, Lee HJ, Park CW, Hong SR, Kwak-Kim J, Yang KM. Peripheral blood NK cells reflect changes in decidual NK cells in women with recurrent miscarriages. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 63: 173–180</P><P>Problem </P><P>We aimed to investigate if peripheral blood natural killer (pNK) cell levels are correlated with decidual NK (dNK) cell levels, and if chemokine expression has any role in dNK cell regulation.</P><P>Method of study </P><P>Decidual tissues of women having two or more miscarriages with normal karyotype were collected after miscarriage and an immuno-histochemisty study was made. pNK cells were evaluated using flow cytometric analysis.</P><P>Results </P><P>The %CD3<SUP>−</SUP>/56<SUP>+</SUP> and %CD3<SUP>−</SUP>/56<SUP>+</SUP>/16<SUP>+</SUP> pNK cells showed a significant correlation with mean number of CD56<SUP>+</SUP> dNK cells. The number of decidual CD16<SUP>+</SUP> cells was significantly higher in women with elevated pNK (≥15%) than that of normal pNK (<15%). The %CD3<SUP>−</SUP>/56<SUP>+</SUP> and %CD3<SUP>−</SUP>/56<SUP>+</SUP>/16<SUP>+</SUP> pNK cells showed an inverse correlation with duration of gestation. The CCL3<SUP>+</SUP> and CXCL12<SUP>+</SUP> cells were present in the decidua; however, staining intensity was not correlated with number of dNK cells.</P><P>Conclusion </P><P>The pNK cell levels reflect changes in dNK cell levels. This implicates that pNK cell level is a clinically useful marker to predict pregnancy outcome. Further study is needed to examine if elevated pNK cells enhance recruitment of dNK cells in the decidua.</P>
CASE REPORT : Pulmonary Foreign Body Granulomatosis in Dental Technician
( Sung Jun Chung ),( Gun Woo Koo ),( Dong Won Park ),( Hyun Jung Kwak ),( Ji Young Yhi ),( Ji Yong Moon ),( Sang Heon Kim ),( Jang Won Sohn ),( Ho Joo Yoon ),( Dong Ho Shin ),( Sung Soo Park ),( Ju Ye 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2015 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.78 No.4
Occupational lung diseases are caused by several toxic substances including heavy metals; however, the exact pathologic mechanisms remain unknown. In the workplace, dental technicians are often exposed to heavy metals such as cobalt, nickel, or beryllium and occasionally develop occupational lung diseases. We described a case of occupational lung disease in a patient who was employed as a dental technician for over a decade. A 31-year-old, non-smoking woman presented with productive cough and shortness of breath of several weeks duration. Chest computed tomography revealed a large number of scattered, bilateral small pulmonary nodules throughout the lung field, and multiple mediastinal lymph nodes enlargement. Percutaneous needle biopsy showed multifocal small granulomas with foreign body type giant cells suggestive of heavy metals inhalation. The patient’s condition improved on simple avoidance strategy for several months. This case highlighted the importance of proper workplace safety.
Synergistic effect of multiple stress conditions for improving microalgal lipid production
Kwak, Ho Seok,Kim, Jaoon Young Hwan,Woo, Han Min,Jin, EonSeon,Min, Byoung Koun,Sim, Sang Jun Elsevier 2016 Algal research Vol.19 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This increasing consumption of fossil fuels and emission of greenhouse gases causes climate change. Thus, the development of alternative energy sources such as biofuel is necessary. Microalgae have been spotlighted as renewable energy resources because the potential for producing biofuels from CO<SUB>2</SUB>. However, the unit cost for the production of algae-based biofuel must be reduced for commercialization compared to the petroleum. The optimization of culture conditions of microalgal strains is crucial to increase lipid production for economically viable biofuels. We rapidly analyzed the combined effect of various stress conditions (nitrogen starvation, temperature, pH, and salt concentration) on the lipid production in various strains using a multiplex microfluidic system, enabling multiple operations from cell culture to lipid extraction of different strains. We found the lipid productivity was enhanced by 25 to 54% under combinations of two stress condition compared to the single stress condition. However, the combination of more than three stress conditions reduced the lipid productivities of all microalgal strains because of more stressful environment to the cells compared to the combinations of two stress conditions. We further validated the synergistic effect of combined stress conditions in flask culture with the increases in lipid productivities by up to 106% compared to the single stress condition. We also observed that fatty acids composition, which influences the quality of algal biofuels, was changed according to the combination of stress conditions. In particular, <I>C. protothecoides</I> can be good candidate for production of high quality of biodiesel, because it has high CN, IV and low CFPP which is suitable for high quality of biodiesel. These results indicate that combination of multiple stress conditions can be efficient strategy for the optimization of microalgal cultivation to produce algal biofuels with high quality and economic feasibility.</P>
Characteristic Analysis for IPMSM Considering Flux-Linkage Ripple
Woo, Dong-Kyun,Kwak, Sang-Yeop,Seo, Jang-Ho,Jung, Hyun-Kyo The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2010 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.5 No.4
In a multi-layer interior permanent magnet synchronous motor, the d- and q-axis parameters vary nonlinearly according to different load conditions, consequently changing the level of saturation. The flux-linkage of d- and q-axis conveys ripple characteristics resulting from mechanical structure and degree of magnetic saturation. If the calculated flux-linkage is correct, the torque using the Maxwell stress tensor method is the same torque calculated by the flux-linkage. However, discrepancy between results exists. In this paper, the d- and q-axis flux-linkage, in consideration of the ripple characteristic, is calculated. Simulation results are then compared with experimental results.
Kwak, Tae Joon,Kwon, Wookkun,Yang, Jiang,Lee, Sang Woo,Chang, Woo-Jin The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Analytical methods Vol.10 No.38
<P>Paper fluidics has recently offered an approach to precisely guide liquid flow in analytical devices with a low-cost regime. Multiple paper layers expand the capability of analytical devices to handle multiple samples as well as multiple detections simultaneously. Here we present a novel inexpensive cut-and-insert method to achieve a well-controlled even distribution of liquid in multi-channel three-dimensional (3D) paper-based analytical devices. A novel vacuum-driven poly dimethyl siloxane (PDMS) stamping method to pattern hydrophobic barriers in the filter paper enables rapid fabrication and assembly of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μ-PADs). The cut-and-insert assembly method facilitates more efficient fluid transfer than conventional O2 plasma-assisted overlapped channel binding, due to the strong physical contact between connected layers. The liquid transfer starts from the center region where two inserted layers are overlapped, and thus the presented method enables consistent liquid transfer independent of the angles of connected fluidic paths. Consequently, the angles between the connected μ-PAD strips as well as the 3D distance for the fluid transfer can be freely adjusted as needed. Also, multiple strips can be easily connected in series or in parallel. For example, perpendicularly connected bended paper channels guide upward and then lateral liquid flows by capillary action. Three important assays, <I>i.e.</I> nitrite 0 to 2 ppm, pH 1 to 10, and glucose 0 to 0.22 molL<SUP>−1</SUP>, were successfully implemented and measured simultaneously using a device with four strips connected in parallel.</P>
Epidermal inclusion cyst of the umbilicus in a child
( Sang-woo Park ),( Eui-sung Jung ),( Hyun-bin Kwak ),( Soo-kyung Park ),( Seok-kweon Yun ),( Han-uk Kim ),( Jin Park ) 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.70 No.1
Epidermal cyst is a common benign cutaneous tumor that predominantly occurs on the face, trunk, and neck, where hair follicles are present. The umbilicus is one of the rarest sites of epidermal cyst, and only a few umbilical epidermal cysts have been reported, primarily in adults. Herein, we report a rare case of umbilical epidermal cyst in a child, which should be included in the differential diagnosis of umbilical skin lesions. A 7-year-old girl visited us for an asymptomatic protruding nodule on her umbilicus that had gradually increased in size over three years. Physical examination showed a 0.8 cm × 0.8 cm pearly gray, spherical nodule in the umbilicus. Dermoscopy revealed shiny white structures with arborizing vessels on the surface of the nodule. Ultrasonography revealed a well-circumscribed cyst confined to the skin layer, but tubular structures penetrating into the abdominal cavity or connecting to internal organs were not seen. Histopathologic findings of the tissue from complete excision of the mass showed a cyst that is lined with stratified squamous epithelium with granular layer and containing keratins. No complication or recurrence was observed during the 6 months after tumor removal.
Kwak, Kyu-Won,Kwon, Soon Woo,Nam, Sung-Hee,Park, Kwan-Ho,Kim, Eun-Sun,Lee, Hee-Sam,Choi, Ji-Young,Han, Myung-Sae Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2018 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.36 No.1
The purpose of this study was to determine the best method for minimizing the occurrence of Metarhizium anisopliae infection of Protaetia brevitarsis seluensis during mass breeding on agricultural farms. There is a high demand for the use of P. b. seluensis larvae in animal feed and as food for humans. However, mass breeding results in the entomopathogenic fungal (usually M. anisopliae) infection of P. b. seluensis. A mixture of microorganisms (Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) delayed fungal infection by M. anisopliae, which infected fewer P. b. seluensis when the microorganism mixture was added to sawdust as feed for P. b. seluensis. When sawdust with the effective microorganisms (EM) was given to P. b. seluensis for 30 d, their mortality rate was approximately 35 % less than that of the control group, which was fed sawdust without the EM. In addition, the growth of M. anisopliae on agar media spread with each bacterium as inhibited by up to 80 % more than those spread with 4 % sodium hypochlorite, which is a harmless fungal inhibitor generally used in agricultural farms for disinfection.
A case of cactus spine injury in a Korean woman
( Sang-woo Park ),( Eui-sung Jung ),( Hyun-bin Kwak ),( Soo-kyung Park ),( Jin Park ),( Han-uk Kim ),( Seok-kweon Yun ) 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.70 No.1
The cactus spines can easily puncture the skin with only minor pressure. Lodged cactus spines can cause pain due to mechanical irritation, be a source of infection, and result in foreign body granulomas. Only one case with cactus spine injury has been reported in Korea to date. We report this case for educational purposes because there is few report regarding cactus spine injury in Korea. A 17-year-old Korean girl presented for evaluation of multiple purple colored macules and papules on the left cheek and left first finger. Two months earlier, while on voluntary service in Haiti, she accidentally got hurt by cactus. She immediately went to the emergency room and removed the spine with tweezer. In the next 3 weeks, she developed painful lesions at the sites of penetration. An ultrasound was performed on the lesions and wedge shaped echogenic material suspected as cactus spine and granuloma formation were observed. Surgical removal with biopsy was recommended, but rejected by the patient and her mother. We administered conservative treatments with oral analgesics, anti-biotics, and anti-inflammatory drugs. After the conservative treatments, the patients symptoms have been improving gradually for over 6 months.
Case Report : Bovine Leukosis in a slaughtered cow
( Sang Myung Lee ),( Hae Yeun Choi ),( Hak Koo Kwak ),( Chan Woo Jung ),( Seong Tae Han ),( Sun Jun Park ),( Ho Gyu Yoon ),( Rae Hun Jang ) 한국가축위생학회 2007 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.30 No.4
A slaughtered 3 years old cow was diagnosed as bovine leukosis by postmortem inspection, agar gel immunodifusion (AGID) test, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It showed no special clinical signs except emaciation. Grossly, we observed enlargement of mediastinal and pelvic lymph nodes, and tubercle -like mass on pleura and lung surface, and masses on right atrium and ventricle.