Development and validation of an algorithm to establish a total antioxidant capacity database of the US diet

Floegel, Anna,Kim, Dae-Ok,Chung, Sang-Jin,Song, Won O.,Fernandez, Maria Luz,Bruno, Richard S.,Koo, Sung I.,Chun, Ock K. Informa Healthcare 2010 International journal of food sciences and nutriti Vol.61 No.6

<P>Estimation of total antioxidant intake is the first step to investigate the protective effects of antioxidants on oxidative stress-mediated disease. The present study was designed to develop an algorithm to estimate total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the US diet. TAC of individual antioxidants and 50 popular antioxidant-rich food items in the US diet were determined by 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) assay and the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Theoretical TAC of foods was calculated as the sum of individual antioxidant capacities of compounds. The top 10 TAC food items in the US diet according to standard serving size were blueberry > plum > green tea > strawberry > green tea (decaffeinated) > red wine > grape juice > black tea > cherry > grape. Major contributors to TAC were the total phenolic content (<I>r</I> = 0.952, <I>P</I> < 0.001) and flavonoid content (<I>r</I> = 0.827, <I>P</I> < 0.001) of 50 foods. Theoretical TAC was positively correlated to experimental TAC of 50 foods determined by the ABTS assay (<I>r</I> = 0.833, <I>P</I> < 0.001) and the DPPH assay (<I>r</I> = 0.696, <I>P</I> < 0.001), and to TAC from the USDA database for the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (<I>r</I> = 0.484, <I>P</I> = 0.001, <I>n</I> = 44). The TAC database of the US diet has been established and validated. In future studies, TAC of the US diet can be linked to biomarkers of chronic disease.</P>

Two recessive intermediate Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth patients with <i>GDAP1</i> mutations

Chung, Ki W.,Hyun, Young S.,Lee, Hae J.,Jung, Hwa‐,Kyoung,Koo, Heasoo,Yoo, Jeong H.,Kim, Sang‐,Beom,Park, Chan I.,Kim, Han N.,Choi, Byung‐,Ok Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Journal of the peripheral nervous system Vol.16 No.2

<P>Various phenotypes have been reported in Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth (CMT) disease carrying mutations in the <I>ganglioside‐induced differentiation‐associated protein 1</I> (<I>GDAP1</I>) gene. Here, we report two recessive intermediate Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth (RI‐CMT) patients with <I>GDAP1</I> missense mutations: a His256Arg homozygous mutation (c.767A>G + c.767A>G) and compound mutations of heterozygous Pro111His (c.332C>A) and Val219Gly (c.656T>G). The Pro111His and Val219Gly are unreported mutations, but the His256Arg was previously reported. In both patients, histopathological findings showed well‐documented features of mixed demyelinating and axonal neuropathies, and nerve conduction velocities fall in the intermediate range. In addition, the patterns of fatty substitutions in leg magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were different by the mutation sites within the same <I>GDAP1</I> gene.</P>

어류의 가열조리 및 보존에 의해 생성되는 변이원성 물질의 정량적 해석과 제어법

구성자,홍이진,이준경 한국조리과학회 2000 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.16 No.6

섭취 빈도가 높은 어류중 붉은 살 생선인 고등어(Mackerel), 삼치(Saury pike), 방어(Yellowtail), 연어(Salmon), 흰 살 생선인 조기 및 염장조기(Croaker, Salted Croaker), 및 갈치(Trichiurus)를 시료로 하여 , 가스그릴, 전기그릴과 microwave oven으로 가열조리한 후 일정기간 동안 냉장 및 냉동 보존한 시료와 보존한 시료를 microwave로 재가열하였을 때 변이원성을in vitro test로 Ames/Salmonella assay를, in vivo test로 Micronucleous test를 실시하여 검색하고, 그 제어방법으로 항암성분을 많이 함유하고 있는 녹황색 채소즙으로 전처리하여 돌연변이 억제능을 검토하고자 한다. 또한, 지질의 과산화도를 측정하여 변이원 생성과 과산화 지질간의 상관성을 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 어류의 가열조리에 의해 대조군(생시료)보다 변이원성이 유의적으로 증가되었는데, 생성된 변이원은 모두 농도 의존성을 나타내었으며, 5 mg/plate인 농도구간에서 돌연변이원성이 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 2. 조리온도가 높아질수록 변이원성이 유의적으로 높아졌으며 대사활성물질을 첨가했을 경우 무첨가시보다 2-4배 정도 돌연변이원성이 높게 나타났다. 3. 조리기기에 따른 복귀 돌연변이균수는 가스그릴과 전기그릴군 간에는 유의적인 차이가 없었으나 MW에서 조리한 시료의 경우에는 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 4. 생선 종류별 변이원성을 검색한 결과 흰살 생선이 붉은 살 생선에 비해 유의적으로 낮은 변이원성을 나타내었으며, 붉은 살 생선간에 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았으나 고등어가 약간 높은 변이원성을 나타내었고, 흰살 생선중에서도 유의차는 없었으나 염장조기가 가장 낮은 변이원성을 나타내었다. 5. 채소즙 및 녹차 추출물로 처리 후 가열조리을 한 시료의 경우 모두 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 변이원성이 억제되었으며, 녹차>생강>무 순으로 변이원성 억제효과가 나타났다. 6. 저장에 의해 돌연변이원성이 유의적으로 증가하였는데, 냉장 저장시 저장 3일째부터, 냉동저장시에는 저장 7일째부터 변이원성이 유의적으로 증가하였다. 냉동저장보다 냉장저장시 더 높은 변이원성을 나타내었고 MW에 의한 재가열에 의해 변이원성이 증가되었다. 7. Micronucleus test 결과, 조리온도가 증가할수록 골수 소핵 형성이 유의적으로 증가되었고, 채소중 처리군의 경우 생강>녹차>무 순으로 골수 소핵 형성 억제효과를 보였다. 8. 조리, 재가열 및 저장 조건에 따른 산패도(TBA value)를 측정한 결과 저장기간이 길어질수록 산패도가 증가하였고 냉장 저장시료의 경우 저장 3일째부터 유의적으로 산패도가 증가되었으며 냉동 저장 시료의 경우에는 저장 7일째부터 유의적으로 높은 산패도를 나타내었다. 냉장저장 시료가 냉동저장 시료보다 더 높은 산패도를 나타내었으며, microwave에 의한 재가열에 의해 산패도가 증가되었다. 9. 채소즙 및 녹차 추출물로 처리 한 고등어의 DPPH에 대한 전자공여능(%EDA) 측정 결과는 양파>녹차>생강>양배추 순으로 양파의 전자공여능이 가장 높게 나타났다. 10. 전기그릴 260℃에서 조리한 시료의 냉장저장 및 냉동저장에 따른 변이원성과 과산화지질 생성간의 상관관계는 냉장 저장했을 때 0.93으로 높은 상관관계를 나타내었고 재가열했을 경우 0.98로 상관관계가 더 높게 나타났다. 냉동저장 역시 0.92를 나타내어 상당히 높은 상관관계를 나타내었으나 재가열했을 경우에는 0.98로 오히려 낮은 상관관계를 보였다. This study was performed to measure the mutagenicity of fish by cooking and storage. Mutagenicity of the fish extract was measured by Ames test(Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay with TA 100) in virto and by micronucleus test in vivo. The fish samples screened in this study were white fish(Trichiurus, Croaker, Salted Croaker) and red fish(Saury pike, Mackerel, Yellowtail, Salmon). The number of revertants of red fish were significantly higher than that of white fish. And the mutagenicity of mackerel was higher than other red fish, so followed experiment was made by using the extract of mackerel. Mutagenicity of the samples cooked on microwave oven was the lowest, whereas there was no significant difference between the samples cooked on gas grill and the ones on electric grill. In the presence of S9 mixture, the methanol extract of mackerel showed 2∼4 times high values of mutagenicity in comparison with the extract without S9. The extract of mackerel cooked with various vegetable juices showed inhibitory effects on the mutagenicity in the order of green tea, ginger, and radish. Also, the number of revertants was increased in the stored samples. Mutagenicity of the samples stored in the refrigerator was higher than that of the freezer. In micronucleus test, the methanol extract treated with vegetable juice inhibited micronucleus formation in bone marrow by cyclophosphamide in the order of ginger, green tea. and radish. In TBA test, there was a tendency that TBA values were increased as the storage time increased. Also, the rancidity of sample were stored in the refrigerator was higher value than sample stored in the freezer. Samples cooked on microwave oven showed the highest value in rancidity. When the antioxidant effect of vegetable juice was measured by electron donating ability(EDA) of mackerel cooked with vegetable juice to DPPH, the samples treated with onion showed the highest value of EDA(%), and the samples treated with green tea, ginger and cabbage also showed the antioxidant effect.

Green Tea Mitigates the Intestinal Absorption and Toxicity of Environmental Persistent Organic Pollutants

Sung I. Koo,Sang K. Noh 한국식품영양과학회 2016 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2016 No.10

Validation of Analytical Methods for Plasma Total Antioxidant Capacity by Comparing with Urinary 8-Isoprostane Level

( Sang Gil Lee ),( Taoran Wang ),( Terrence M. Vance ),( Patrice Hurbert ),( Dae-ok Kim ),( Sung I. Koo ),( Ock K. Chun ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2017 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.27 No.2

Although several analytical methods for measuring total antioxidant capacity (TAC) have been applied to biological samples, there were often dissimilar results due to the different principles of methods applied. Thus, this study aimed to validate four conventional analytical methods for measuring plasma TAC, including the ABTS assay, DPPH assay, FRAP assay, and ORAC assay, by comparing with urinary 8-isoprostane concentration. In addition, TAC results were compared with antioxidant enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase in erythrocyte, and catalase in plasma. Plasma TAC measure by ABTS assay was strongly correlated with the result by FRAP assay. Plasma TAC by FRAP and ORAC assays were negatively correlated with erythrocyte SOD activity. The agreement among the four TAC assay methods and 8-isoprostane was determined using 95% prediction limits of linear regression, expressed as the mean of 8-isoprostane ± 95% prediction limits. The ABTS method better agreed with 8-isoprostane than the other methods, demonstrating narrow prediction of limits. Furthermore, only plasma TAC determined by the ABTS assay was inversely correlated with urinary 8-isoprostane (r = -0.35, p < 0.05). In summary, the ABTS assay would be an appropriate method to measure overall plasma antioxidant capacity and predict the body`s antioxidant status.

The Clay Minderalogy of some Low Productive Paddy Soils in Kyonggi-Do

Sang Chil Shim(沈相七),Tai Soon Kim(金台淳),Hyung Koo Lee(李亨求),Ki Joon Song(宋基俊),I. G. Valencia 한국토양비료학회 1974 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.7 No.3

Green Tea : Exploring Its Mechanisms of Action as Inhibitor of Intestinal Absorption and Hepatic Accumulation of Lipids

Sung I. Koo,Jiyoung Lee,Sang K. Noh,Young-ki Park,Casey Wegner 한국식품영양과학회 2012 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2012 No.10

(+) - Catechin is a Potent Inhibitor of Intestinal Absorption of Cholesterol in Rats

Sang K. Noh,Sung I. Koo,Yongzhi Jiang 한국식품영양과학회 2003 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.8 No.1

Catechins exhibit a hypocholesterolemic effect in cholesterol-fed animals. The present study was conducted to examine whether (+)-catechin influences the absorption of cholesterol in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed ad libitum an AIN-93G diet containing soybean oil for 5 wk. Rats with lymph cannulae were infused at 3.0 mL/h for 8 h via a duodenal catheter with a lipid emulsion containing radiolabeled cholesterol with or without (+)-catechin. Lymph was collected hourly for 8 h. The enteral infusion of (+)-catechin significantly lowered the lymphatic absorption of (14)^C-cholesterol (21.1±3.6% dose/8 h) compared with controls infused with the lipid emulsion devoid of (+)-catechin (38.2±1.2% dose/8 h). The intestinal absorption of α-tocopherol (24.2±3.0% dose/8 h) also was significantly decreased by (+)-catechin infusion, relative to controls (32.2±2.2% dose/8 h). However, the lymphatic outputs of oleic acid, phospholipid were not affected by enteral (+)-catechin infusion. The results indicate that (+)-catechin has a profound inhibitory effect on the intestinal absorption of cholesterol, α-tocopherol without affecting the absorption of fat.

Effects of Egg Phospholipids on the Intestinal Absorption of Lipids

Sang K. Noh,Sung I. Koo 한국식품영양과학회 2004 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.55 No.-

This study was conducted to determine the effects of egg phospholipids [(phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SM)] on intestinal absorption of cholesterol and other lipids. Each rat with lymph cannula was infused via a duodenal catheter at 3.0 mL/h for 8 h with a lipid emulsion containing triolein, cholesterol and PC in 24 mL PBS. The PC in the lipid emulsion was egg PC (EPC), hydrogenated egg PC (HPC), or soy PC (SPC). The EPC in the lipid emulsion markedly lowered the lymphatic absorption of cholesterol, compared with SPC and a lipid emulsion containing no PC. The HPC further lowered the absorption of cholesterol. The phospholipid output was not affected by the source of PC infused. The total lymphatic output of oleic acid (18:1), the major fatty acid infused in the form of triolein, did not differ among the NPC, SPC and EPC groups, but was significantly lower in the HPC group. The findings provide the first evidence that EPC markedly lowers the lymphatic absorption of cholesterol under in vivo conditions. The inhibitory effect of EPC appears to be due to the higher degree of saturation of its acyl groups relative to SPC, suggesting that the intestinal absorption of egg cholesterol may be reduced by the presence of PC in egg yolk. Experiment 2 was designed to determine whether egg SM, structurally similar to PC, also inhibits the lymphatic absorption of cholesterol. Egg SM lowered the lymphatic absorption of cholesterol in a dose dependent manner. Likewise, SM lowered the lymphatic absorption of oleic acid, whereas it had no effect on retinol absorption. SM at a high dose lowered the lymphatic outputs of both PC and SM, whereas there was no such effect at a lower dose. These results also indicate that luminal egg SM has an inhibitory effect on the intestinal absorption of cholesterol and other lipids of relatively high hydrophobicity.

Its Effect on Fat Metabolism, Energy Expenditure, and Body Weight

Sung I Koo 한국여성체육학회 2013 한국여성체육학회 학술세미나자료집 Vol.2013 No.1