고양이 소뇌 치상핵 자극에 따른 전경골근의 근전도 변화

성재훈,김문찬,강준기,최창락 대한신경외과학회 1994 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.23 No.7

Through the use of stereotactic neurosurgical operation, some authors have employed chronic electrical stimulation of the dentate nucleus reduce spasticity and each trial on spastic patients has show marked clinical improvement. We investigated the eletrophysiological changes of cats after stereotactic electrical stimulation of the dentate nucleus to elucidate the possibility of clinical application and to evaluate the clinical results The M-wave is an initial response and the F-wave is a late response in the electromyography of a muscle, which is stimulated by its original controlling nerve itself. There is evidence that the sue of the F-wave is dependent on motor neuron excitability and its amplitude is increased significantly at spastic condition. If such a relationship exists, procedures which are cam& out to relieve spasticity might be exerted to change the F-wave sue and thus it might be possible to use the F-wave as an objective monitor during electrical stimulation of the dentate nucleus. We investigated this possibility in experiments on 10 cats weighing betHieen 27kg and 4.4kg. We studied the change% of M and F waves, recorded in EMG, after stereotactic stimulation to cerebellar dentate nucleus in cats. The results were as follows 1) The change of mean value of M-wave amplitude was not significant(contro1 group, 3591 ± 1029μV stimulation group, 3424± 927μV, 00.05). 2) The mean value of F-wave amplitude was significantly reduced about 56.7% after the dentate stimulation(contro1 p u p , 443.2± 119μV stimulation p u p , 251.3±99.4μV, P<0.05). 3) The F/M ratio also significantly reduced about 56.8% after the dentate stimulation(contro1 group, 12.5±1.9%, stimulation group, 7.1± 1.2%, P<0.05). Our experimental results demonstrated that the dentate stimulation markedly decreased the sue of F-wave amplitude and F/M ratio in the experimental cats and we concluded that theseelectrophysiological changes can be applied as a parameter of clinical evaluation of electrical dentate stimulation for the spasticity.

Correlation between skeletal and dental changes after mandibular setback surgery-first orthodontic treatment

Chang-Hoon Rhee,Youn-Kyung Choi,Yong-Il Kim,Seong-Sik Kim,Soo-Byung Park,Woo-Sung Son 대한치과교정학회 2015 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.45 No.2

Objective: To investigate skeletal and dental changes after application of a mandibular setback surgery-first orthodontic treatment approach in cases of skeletal Class III malocclusion. Methods: A retrospective study of 34 patients (23 men, 11 women; mean age, 26.2 ± 6.6 years) with skeletal Class III deformities, who underwent surgery-first orthodontic treatment, was conducted. Skeletal landmarks in the maxilla and mandible at three time points, pre-treatment (T0), immediate-postoperative (T1), and post-treatment (T2), were analyzed using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-generated half-cephalograms. Results: The significant T0 to T1 mandibular changes occurred ?9.24 ± 3.97 mm horizontally. From T1 to T2, the mandible tended to move forward 1.22 ± 2.02 mm, while the condylar position (Cd to Po-perpendicular plane) shifted backward, and the coronoid process (Cp to FH plane) moved vertically. Between T1 and T2, the vertical dimension changed significantly (p < 0.05). Changes in the vertical dimension were significantly correlated to T1 to T2 changes in the Cd to Po-perpendicular plane (r = ?0.671, p = 0.034), and in the Cp to FH plane (r = 0.733, p = 0.016), as well as to T0 to T1 changes in the Cp to Poperpendicular plane (r = 0.758, p = 0.011). Conclusions: Greater alterations in the vertical dimension caused larger post-treatment (T2) stage skeletal changes. Studying the mandibular position in relation to the post-surgical vertical dimension emphasized the integral importance of vertical dimension control and proximal segment management to the success of surgery-first orthodontic treatment.

Which Environmental Factors Caused Lammas Shoot Growth of Korean Red Pine?

Lee, Chang-Seok,Song, Hye-Gyung,Kim, Hye-Soo,Lee, Bit-Na-Ra,Pi, Jeong-Hoon,Cho, Yong-Chan,Seol, Eun-Sil,Oh, Woo-Seok,Park, Sung-Ae,Lee, Seon-Mi The Ecological Society of Korea 2007 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.30 No.1

Lammas growth, a rare phenomenon for Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora), occurred in 2006. Lammas shoots showed higher frequency and longer length in Seoul's hotter urban center than in urban boundary or suburban forest sites. Frequency and length showed a close correlation with urbanization density and vegetation cover expressed in NDVI. Air temperature in the late summer of 2006 was more than $1^{\circ}C$ higher than an average year. Of the predominant environmental signals that modulate bud flush, only temperature changed significantly during the year. Differences in temperature between the urban centers, urban boundaries and suburban forests correlated with varying land-use density. The rise in temperature likely spurred lammas growth of the Korean red pine. Symptoms of climate change are being detected throughout the world, and its consequences will be clearer in the future. Considerate interest in the responses of ecological systems to the variable changes is required to prepare for unforeseeable crises. Monitoring of diverse ecological phenomena at Long Term Ecological Research sites could offer harbingers of change.

Long second toe: its nail and skin changes

( Geun-hwi Park ),( Woo-il Kim ),( Min-young Yang ),( Won-ku Lee ),( Tae-wook Kim ),( Sung-min Park ),( Hyun-joo Lee ),( Gun-wook Kim ),( Hoon-soo Kim ),( Hyun-chang Ko ),( Byung-soo Kim ),( Moon-bum 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.70 No.2

Background: Nail can be affected by trauma, infection, and systematic disorders. In particular, the toe nails are exposed to the repeated and cumulative minor traumas, which usually result in thickened, splitted, and discolorated nails. Considering these, it can be inferred that the long second toe can be related to various nail and skin changes by repeated minor traumas such as friction in shoes, but the study or report on this topic hasn’t been done yet. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to introduce various nail and skin changes on long second toe. Methods: We analyzed the kinds of nail/skin changes of 50 patients with long second toe, enrolled at Pusan National University Hospitals (Busan and Yangsan) from 2013 to 2018. Results: There was no significant difference in the incidence of left and right toe and toenail, and 7 (14%) patients presented bilateral distribution. The most common nail change on long second toe was melanonychia (23, 46%), followed by subungual hematoma (15, 30%), onycholysis (2, 4%), subungual hyperkeratosis (2, 4%), onychomadesis (1, 2%), and retronychia (1, 2%). The most common skin change was corn (9, 18%), followed by paronychia (2, 4%). Twenty (20/50, 40%) patients also had other toe or toenail changes. Among them, the most common site was big toe/nail (13, 62%), and the most common change was subungual hematoma (8, 42%). Conclusion: Through this study, the dermatologists can recognize and diagnose the nail and skin changes of long second toe.

요추 추간판탈출증 수술 후 임상 증상의 회복

신병준,김준범,조영훈,권희,서유성,김연일,나수균,최창욱 대한척추외과학회 1997 대한척추외과학회지 Vol.4 No.2

Study Design : The authors retrospectively analysed the recovery of clinical symptoms after surgical treatment of lumbar HIVD. Objectives : To investigate the incidence of clinical symptoms, the recovery rate and time after surgical treatment and the difference between L4-5 and L5-S1 lesion. Summary of Literature Review : There are many reports concerning the clinical result of surgical treatment for the HIVD. They usually describe the result as excellent, good, fair and poor. We can't get any information about the recovery rate and recovery time of each clinical symptom from the reports. Materials and Methods : Thirty-eight patients were treated by one level open discectomy from march 1991 to december 1995. The clinical symptoms and signs including SLR, motor deficit, sensory deficit, change of DTR and severity of radiating pain were periodically followed up on the predesigned protocol, Results : In preoperative examination, SLR was positive in 82%, motor deficit in 76%, sensory deficit in 74%, DTR change in 50%, and radiating pain in 100%. The recovery rate of SLR was 96.8%, motor deficit ; 93.6%, sensory deficit ; 78.6%, DTR change ; 21 % and radiating pain ; 84.2%. The average recovery time of SLR was 3.4 months, motor deficit ; 1.9 months, sensory deficit ; 5.3 months, DTR change ; 4.1 months and radiating pain ; 3.2 months. Motor and sensory deficit was more frequent in L4-5 lesion but DTR change was usually noted in L5-S] lesion. The recovery rate and time showed no great difference between the two level. Conclusions : The recovery rate was higher in SLR, motor deficit and radiating pain rather than sensory deficit and DTR change. The recovery time was fastest in radiating pain but variable nature was noted in sensory deficit. Above results may be helpful to explain the prognosis of the lumbar HIVD.

니켈-티타늄 와이어의 열처리에 따른 부하-변위 특성 변화

장수호,임성훈,김광원 대한치과교정학회 2006 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.36 No.5

니켈-티타늄 합금은 높은 spring-back 성질, 초탄성 효과, 형상기억 효과 등의 장점을 가지고 있으나 성형이 어렵다는 단점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 니켈-티타늄 와이어의 굴곡을 위한 열처리 시에 나타나는 부하-변위 곡선의 변화 및 상전이 온도 변화와 같은 물성 변화 양상을 조사하고자 하였다. 수종의 니켈-티타늄 와이어를 열처리를 시행하지 않은 군, 전기저항 열처리 장치를 이용하여 와이어 단면적에 따라 제조회사에서 권장하는 전류를 기초로 하여 00.016" ×00.022" (5 A, 7 sec), 0.018" × 0.025" (6 A, 7 sec) 그리고 0.0215" × 0.028" (7 A, 8 sec) 와이어를 열처리만 시행한 실험군, 열처리를 시행하여 굴곡을 부여한 실험군 그리고 열처리 시간을 1초 증가시켜 굴곡을 부여한 실험군으로 분류하여 3점 굴곡 실험과 시차주사열량측정을 하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 0.016" × 0.022", 0.018" × 0.025" 그리고 0.0215" × 0.028" 니켈-티타늄 와이어에서 굴곡을 부여하지 않고 열처리만 시행한 실험군이 열처리를 시행하지 않은 대조군에 비해 부하-변위 곡선이 상방 이동되어 초탄성 현상에 의한 평탄역(loading and unloading plateau)의 힘이 더 증가되었다. 0.016" × 0.022", 0.018" × 0.025" 그리고 0.0215" × 0.028" 와이어에서 열처리만 시행한 실험군이 열처리를 시행하지 않은 군보다 더 낮은 austenite finish (A_(f)) 온도를 보였다, 0.018" × 0.025" 및 0.0215" × 0.028" 와이어에서 열처리를 시행하여 굴곡을 부여한 실험군은 열처리만 시행한 실험군과 열처리를 시행하지 않은 대조군에 비해 부하-변위 곡선이 상방 이동되었으며, 열처리 시간을 1초 증가시켜 굴곡을 부여한 실험군에서 가장 높은 부하-변위 곡선을 나타냈다. 0.018" × 0.025" 그리고 0.0215" × 0.028" 와이어에서 A_(f) 온도는 열처리 시간을 1초 증가시켜 굴곡을 부여한 실험군에서 가장 낮게 관찰되었고 열처리를 시행하여 굴곡을 부여한 실험군, 열처리만 시행한 실험군 그리고 열처리를 시행하지 않은 대조군 순으로 높게 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합할 때, 임상에서 니켈-티타늄 합금 와이어에 굴곡을 부여하기 위해 열처리하는 경우 초탄성 특성은 유지될 수 있으나, 부하-변위 곡선의 상방 증가가 나타나므로, 와이어에 의한 교정력이 증가될 수 있음에 유의하여야 한다. Objective: Nickel-titanium alloy wire possesses excellent spring-back properties, shape memory and super-elasticity. In order to adapt this wire to clinical use, it is necessary to bend as well as to control its super-elastic force. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of heat treatment on the load-deflection properties and transitional temperature range (TTR) of nickel-titanium wires. Methods: Nickel-titanium wires of different diameters (0.016" × 0.022", 0.018" × 0.025" and 0.0215" × 0.028") were used. The samples were divided into 4 groups as follows: group 1, posterior segment of archwire (24 mm) without heat treatment; group 2, posterior segment of archwire (24 mm) with heat treatment only; group 3, anterior segment with bending and heat treatment; group 4, anterior segment with bending and 1 sec over heat treatment. Three point bending test was used to evaluate the change in load-deflection curve and obtained DSC (different scanning calorimetry) to check changes in A_(f) temperature. Results: In the three point bending test, nickel-titanium wires with heat treatment only had higher load-deflection curve and loading and unloading plateau than nickel-titanium wires without heat treatment. Nickel-titanium wires with heat treatment had lower Af temperature than nickel-titanium wires without heat treatment. Nickel-titanium wires with heat treatment and bending had higher load-deflection curve than nickel-titanium wires with heat treatment and nickel-titanium wires without heat treatment. Nickel-titanium with heat treatment of over 1 sec and bending had the highest load-deflection curve. Nickel-titanium wires with heat treatment and bending had lower Af temperature, Nickel-titanium wires with heat treatment of over 1 sec and bending had the lowest Af temperature. Conclusion: From the results of this study, it can be stated that heat treatment for bending of Nickel-titanium wires does not deprive the superelastic property but can cause increased force magnitude due to a higher load-deflection curve.

광중합기 사용 시의 감염 조절

장훈상 大韓齒科保存學會 2010 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.35 No.4

복합레진을 광중합할 경우 광중합기의 광섬유말단은 환자의 구강점막과 직접 접촉하게 되어 광섬유말단의 오염이 불가피하다 광섬 유말단은 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)에서 “semicritical category" 로 분류되며 가압증기 멸균을 하거나, 화학 용액에 10시간이상 잠기도록 넣어 멸균을 하거나 최소한 고도의 소독처리를 하도록 요구한다. 현재 광중합기의 광섬유말단을 멸균/소독하는 방법은 가압증기멸균이 가능한 광섬유말단을 사용하여 멸균하는 법, 매 환자마다 glutaraldehyde와 같은 화학용액으로 멸균/소독을 하는 법, 멸균되어 시판되는 일회용 플라스틱 광섬유말단을 사용하는 법, 그리고 투병 랩과 같은 일회용 차단막으로 광섬유말단을 감싸는 방법 등이 있다. 일회용 차단막을 사용할 경우 광섬유말단과 환자의 구강점막의 직접적인 접촉을 막아 비교적 간단하게 교차감염의 위험성을 줄일 수 있다. When curing the composite restorations with light curing units. the light guides are often in direct contact with oral tissues. therefore contamination of light guides is inevitable. Curing light guides fall into the "semicriticaf" instrument category according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and must be heat or vapor-sterilized or at a minimum. these semicritical instruments must be sterilized in a liquid chemical agent. Currently. most common methods of maintaining sterility of the light guides are wiping the guide with a disinfectant. such as glutaraldehyde. after each patient use; using autoclavable guides: using presterilized. single-use plastic guides: and using translucent disposable barriers to cover the guide.

Salt and pepper appearance of the skin associated with mixed connective tissue disease

( Sang-hyeon Won ),( Woo-il Kim ),( Min-young Yang ),( Won-ku Lee ),( Tae-wook Kim ),( Sung-min Park ),( Hyun-joo Lee ),( Gun-wook Kim ),( Hoon-soo Kim ),( Hyun-chang Ko ),( Byung-soo Kim ),( Moon-bum 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.70 No.1

The salt-and-pepper appearance of skin is composed of salt (vitiligo-like depigmentation) and pepper(perifollicular pigmentation). This characteristic feature can be a clinical clue for the diagnosis of systemic sclerosis. Mixed connective tissue disease(MCTD) is a distinct disease entity with mixed features of systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, myositis and rheumatoid arthritis with high titers of antibodies to U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein(U1 snRNP). Therefore, MCTD is known to have a wide spectrum of cutaneous manifestations which may be the presenting signs of the disease. However, there are few reports of pigmentary changes in MCTD. A 51-year old woman presented with variably sized hypopigmented macules along with relative hyperpigmentation of the perifollicular areas. She was diagnosed with MCTD by Raynaud’s phenomenon and high titer anti-RNP corresponding to a speckled antinuclear antibody of 1:1280 in Rheumatology clinic. A biopsy specimen showed dermal sclerosis. Pigment loss and melanophages were observed in the papillary dermis. Hypo- and hyperpigmentation were confirmed histologically by S100 and Fontana-Masson stain. To our knowledge, ‘salt and pepper appearance of the skin’ has rarely been reported in MCTD. The diagnosis of MCTD can be challenging due to its diverse characteristics. Therefore, we suggest that MCTD should be regarded as a differential diagnosis in patient with this pigmentary change.

반대측 선조체의 혈류량 증가를 보이는 고혈당과 연관된 편측무도증 1예

이창민,양대웅,홍상훈 대한신경과학회 1999 대한신경과학회지 Vol.17 No.5

토끼의 협골궁을 이용한 유경골이식과 유리골이식의 비교연구

장가용,한상훈,정복성,박철규 大韓成形外科學會 1993 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.20 No.1

The membranous bone is new used frequently to fill the defect made during the craniofacial osteotmy. The membranous bone is resolved less than the endochondral bone after the free graft, and maintains its greater preportion when it is transfered with its vascular pedicle. It is also known that there is less resorption in the orthotopic graft than in the heterotopic graft. We have stuided the amount of resorption of the orthotopically grafted bone in the vascularized and nonvascularized model. A zygomatic arch of the rabbit was resected completely and was fixed orthotopically using a wire. The contralateral one was resected and fixed with its muscle attachment(masseter). After 8 weeks the animals were sacrificed. The volume of the grafted bone was compared. There 10±2% volume loss in the vascularized modol and 18±4% volume loss in the free graft model with a statistically significant difference(P<0.001). Histologically, in the vascularized graft, primary bony union was observed and the original architecture was preserved well and the periosteal activity way great. The free graft was also healed by bony union except in 1 case. But the architectural irregularity was more prominent in the free graft than in the vascularized graft.