A complete 3D map of Bell Glasstone spatial correction factors for BRAHMMA subcritical core

Shukla Shefali,Roy Tushar,Kashyap Yogesh,Shukla Mayank,Singh Prashant 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.9

Accelerator driven subcritical systems have long been discussed as facilities which can be used for solving the nuclear waste problem. The physics of these systems is very different from conventional reactors and new techniques had to be developed for reactivity monitoring. One such technique is the Area Ratio Method which studies the response of a subcritical system upon insertion of a large number of neutron pulses. An issue associated with this technique is the spatial dependence of measured reactivity which is intrinsic to the sub criticality of the system since the reactor does not operate on the fundamental mode and measured reactivity depends on the detector position. This is generally addressed by defining Bell-Glasstone spatial correction factor. This factor upon multiplication with measured reactivity gives the correct reactivity which is independent of detector location. Monte Carlo Methods are used for evaluating these factors. This paper presents a complete three dimensional map of spatial correction factors for BRAHMMA subcritical system. In addition, the dataset obtained also helps in identifying detector locations where the correction factor is close to unity, thereby implying no correction if the detector is used at those locations. © 2022 Korean Nuclear Society, Publish

Slant Submanifolds of (LCS)_n-manifolds

Shukla, Shiv Sharma,Shukla, Mukesh Kumar,Prasad, Rajendra Department of Mathematics 2014 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.54 No.4

In this article, we study slant and semi-slant submanifolds of $(LCS)_n$-manifolds. Integrability conditions of distributions involved in definition of semi-slant submanifolds of a $(LCS)_n$-manifold have been obtained.

Desmids (Chlorophyceae, Conjugales, Desmidiaceae) from Foothills of Western Himalaya, India

Shukla, Sunil Kumar,Shukla, Chandra Prakash,Misra, Pradeep Kumar The Korean Society of Phycology 2008 ALGAE Vol.23 No.1

Forty-eight taxa of desmids belonging to Class Chlorophyceae (Order - Conjugales, Family - Desmidiaceae), collected from different aquatic habitats of Lalkuan, Kathgodam and Pantnagar areas of Uttaranchal state and Pilibheet district of Uttar Pradesh, which are regions of foothills of Western Himalaya, have been described. These taxa belongs to 5 genera viz. Closterium Nitzsch (6 spp., 5 var., and 2 forma), Euastrum Ehrenberg (1 var.), Staurastrum Meyen (2 spp., 1 var., 1 forma), Cosmarium Corda ex Ralfs (19 spp. and 10 var.), Pleurotaenium Naegeli (1 sp.). Staurastrum pseudopachyrhyncum Wolle (1884) is new record for desmid flora of India.

The Aqueous Extract of Withania coagulans Fruit Partially Reverses Nicotinamide/Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Rats

Kirtikar Shukla,Piyush Dikshit,Rimi Shukla,Jasvinder K. Gambhir 한국식품영양과학회 2012 Journal of medicinal food Vol.15 No.8

Withania coagulans fruit has been shown to possess antihyperglycemic properties and is used in the traditional Indian system of medicine. However, there has no systematic study of its mechanism of action. In a rat model diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced by intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide (230 mg/kg of body weight) followed by streptozotocin at 55 mg/kg of body weight. After 96 h, mildly diabetic (MD) (fasting plasma glucose [FPG] = 7–11.1 mmol/L) and severely diabetic (SD) (FPG > 11.1 mmol/L) rats were treated with aqueous extract of W. coagulans fruit at doses of 125, 250,and 500 mg/kg of body weight/day orally. FPG, postprandial plasma glucose (PPPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),plasma insulin, tissue glycogen, and glucose-metabolizing enzymes were assayed at Day 30. Treatment of diabetic animals (MD and SD) with different doses of aqueous W. coagulans resulted in significantly decreased FPG, PPPG, and HbA1c (P < .01), whereas serum insulin increased significantly compared with that in diabetic-untreated rats (P < .01). MD and SD animals treated with aqueous W. coagulans also showed significant increases in liver and muscle glycogen compared with diabetic-untreated animals (P < .01). Moreover, activities of glucokinase and phosphofructokinase were also significantly increased (P < .01), whereas glucose-6-phosphatase activity was significantly decreased (P < .01) in MD and SD groups treated with aqueous W. coagulans compared with diabetic-untreated groups. The most effective dose of aqueous W. coagulans was 250 mg/kg of body weight. These results show that the aqueous extract of W. coagulans fruit has significant antihyperglycemic effects, which may be through the modulation of insulin levels and related enzyme activities.

Desmids (Chlorophyceae, Conjugales, Desmidiaceae) from Foothills of Western Himalaya, India

Sunil Kumar Shukla,Pradeep Kumar Misra,Chandra Prakash Shukla 한국조류학회I 2008 ALGAE Vol.23 No.1

Forty-eight taxa of desmids belonging to Class Chlorophyceae (Order - Conjugales, Family - Desmidiaceae), collected from different aquatic habitats of Lalkuan, Kathgodam and Pantnagar areas of Uttaranchal state and Pilibheet district of Uttar Pradesh, which are regions of foothills of Western Himalaya, have been described. These taxa belongs to 5 genera viz. Closterium Nitzsch (6 spp., 5 var., and 2 forma), Euastrum Ehrenberg (1 var.), Staurastrum Meyen (2 spp., 1 var., 1 forma), Cosmarium Corda ex Ralfs (19 spp. and 10 var.), Pleurotaenium Naegeli (1 sp.). Staurastrum pseudopachyrhyncum Wolle (1884) is new record for desmid flora of India.

Fabrication and Characterization of Gold−Polymer Nanocomposite Plasmonic Nanoarrays in a Porous Alumina Template

Shukla, Shobha,Kim, Kyoung-Tae,Baev, A.,Yoon, Y. K.,Litchinitser, N. M.,Prasad, P. N. American Chemical Society 2010 ACS NANO Vol.4 No.4

<P>A facile, cost-effective, and manufacturable method to produce gold−polymer nanocomposite plasmonic nanorod arrays in high-aspect-ratio nanoporous alumina templates is reported, where the formation of gold nanoparticles and the polymerization of a photosensitive polymer by ultraviolet light are simultaneously performed. Transverse mode coupling within a two-dimensional array of the nanocomposite rods results in a progression of resonant modes in the visible and infrared spectral regions when illuminated at normal incidence, a phenomenon previously observed in nanoarrays of solid gold rods in an alumina template. Finite element full-wave analysis in a three-dimensional computational domain confirms our hypothesis that nanoparticles, arranged in a columnar structure, will show a response similar to that of solid gold rods. These studies demonstrate a new simple method of plasmonic nanoarray fabrication, apparently obviating the need for a cumbersome electrochemical process to grow nanoarrays.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2010/ancac3.2010.4.issue-4/nn9018398/production/images/medium/nn-2009-018398_0002.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn9018398'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

An analytical expression for the dynamic active thrust from c-φ soil backfill on retaining walls with wall friction and adhesion

Shukla, Sanjay K.,Bathurst, Richard J. Techno-Press 2012 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.4 No.3

This paper presents the derivation of an analytical expression for the dynamic active thrust from c-${\phi}$ (c = cohesion, ${\phi}$ = angle of shearing resistance) soil backfill on rigid retaining walls with wall friction and adhesion. The derivation uses the pseudo-static approach considering tension cracks in the backfill, a uniform surcharge on the backfill, and horizontal and vertical seismic loadings. The development of an explicit analytical expression for the critical inclination of the failure plane within the soil backfill is described. It is shown that the analytical expression gives the same results for simpler special cases previously reported in the literature.

THE INTEGRAL EXPRESSION INVOLVING THE FAMILY OF LAGUERRE POLYNOMIALS AND BESSEL FUNCTION

Shukla, Ajay Kumar,Salehbhai, Ibrahim Abubaker Korean Mathematical Society 2012 대한수학회논문집 Vol.27 No.4

The principal aim of the paper is to investigate new integral expression $${\int}_0^{\infty}x^{s+1}e^{-{\sigma}x^2}L_m^{(\gamma,\delta)}\;({\zeta};{\sigma}x^2)\;L_n^{(\alpha,\beta)}\;({\xi};{\sigma}x^2)\;J_s\;(xy)\;dx$$, where $y$ is a positive real number; $\sigma$, $\zeta$ and $\xi$ are complex numbers with positive real parts; $s$, $\alpha$, $\beta$, $\gamma$ and $\delta$ are complex numbers whose real parts are greater than -1; $J_n(x)$ is Bessel function and $L_n^{(\alpha,\beta)}$ (${\gamma};x$) is generalized Laguerre polynomials. Some integral formulas have been obtained. The Maple implementation has also been examined.

Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of crude fractions of endophytic fungi of Ocimum sanctum Linn. in rats

Shukla, S.T.,Kulkarni, V.H.,Habbu, P.V.,Jagadeesh, K.S.,Patil, B.S.,Smita, D.M. 경희한의학연구센터 2012 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.12 No.2

Endophytic fungi are a rich source of novel organic compounds with interesting biological activities and a high level of biodiversity. In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to isolate, characterize and screen the Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum Linn.) root fungal endophytic fractions (TRF) for hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities. Endophytic fungi from Ocimum sanctum Linn. roots were isolated and cultured aseptically in PDA media. The full fledged grown fungus cultures were fermented in potato dextrose broth and fractionated using ethyl acetate. TRF-1 and TRF-2 were subjected free radical scavenging activities against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl free radicals and reducing power assay. TRF-1 was found to be potential free radical scavenger with $IC_{50}$ values of $71.83{\mu}g/ml$ for DPPH and $110.85{\mu}g/ml$ for hydroxyl radical respectively. TRF-1 and TRF-2 were further assessed for hepatoprotective activity in $CCl_4$ induced hepatotoxicity in-vivo. Results showed that TRF-1 (200 mg/kg p.o.) and TRF-2 (200 mg/kg p.o.) significantly reversed the actions of carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity, as evident by restoration of serum AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin, triglycerides and protein level to normal values as compared to $CCl_4$ treated group. Restoration of altered LPO (p<0.001), GSH (p<0.01) and catalase (p<0.01) by TRF-1 suggests that the hepatoprotective activity may be attributed to its antioxidant action. This was further supported by histopathological studies. TRF-1 was subjected to rDNA sequencing studies by PCR technique. Based on the morphological and molecular characterization, the fungus was identified as Paecilomyces variotti Bain. Therefore, endophytes from medicinal plants represent great potential for the discovery of new pharmacologically active metabolites.

Application of CFD model for Passive Autocatalytic Recombiners to formulate an empirical correlation for integratral containment analysis

Shukla Vikram,Gera Bhuvaneshwar,Ganju Sunil,Varma Salil,Maheshwari N.K.,Guchhait P.K.,Sengupta S. 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.11

Hydrogen mitigation using Passive Autocatalytic Recombiners (PARs) has been widely accepted methodology inside reactor containment of accident struck Nuclear Power Plants. They reduce hydrogen concentration inside reactor containment by recombining it with oxygen from containment air on catalyst surfaces at ambient temperatures. Exothermic heat of reaction drives the product steam upwards, establishing natural convection around PAR, thus invoking homogenisation inside containment. CFD models resolving individual catalyst plate channels of PAR provide good insight about temperature and hydrogen recombination. But very thin catalyst plates compared to large dimensions of the enclosures involved result in intensive calculations. Hence, empirical correlations specific to PARs being modelled are often used in integral containment studies. In this work, an experimentally validated CFD model of PAR has been employed for developing an empirical correlation for Indian PAR. For this purpose, detailed parametric study involving different gas mixture variables at PAR inlet has been performed. For each case, respective values of gas mixture variables at recombiner outlet have been tabulated. The obtained data matrix has then been processed using regression analysis to obtain a set of correlations between inlet and outlet variables. The empirical correlation thus developed, can be easily plugged into commercially available CFD software.