Genetic Variability of Sorghum Charcoal Rot Pathogen (Macrophomina phaseolina) Assessed by Random DNA Markers

Rajkumar,Fakrudin Bashasab,Mahaling S Kuruvinashetti 한국식물병리학회 2007 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.23 No.2

Genetic diversity among selected isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina, a causal agent of charcoal rot (stalk rot) disease in sorghum was studied using PCRRAPD markers. A set of ten isolates, from ten different rabi sorghum genotypes representing two traditional sorghum growing situations viz., Dharwad- a transitional high rainfall region and Bijapur- a semi-arid low rainfall region in South India. From a set of 40 random primers tested, amplicon profiles of 15 were reproducible. A total of 149 amplicon levels, with an average of 9.9 bands per primer, were available for analysis, of which 148 were polymorphic (99.3%). It was possible to discriminate all the isolates with any of the 15 primers employed. UPGMA clustering of data indicated that the isolates shared varied levels of genetic similarity within a range of 0.14 to 0.72 similarity coefficient index and it was suggestive that grouping of isolates was not related to sampling location in anyway. A high level of genetic heterogeneity of 0.28 was recorded among the isolates.

ENERGY AND EXERGY ANALYSIS OF COMPACT POWER GENERATION AND HYBRID SOLAR ENERGY-WASTE HEAT-BASED TRIPLE EFFECT EJECTOR-VAPOR ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION CYCLE

RAJ KUMAR,ANIL KUMAR 대한설비공학회 2013 International Journal Of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.21 No.4

An NH3–H2O ejector-absorption refrigeration cycle, and an R-152a ejector refrigeration cycle are employed with a renewable energy power generator to make a proposed compact power generation and triple effect ejector-absorption refrigeration cycle. The exergy analysis of the cycle leads to a possible performance improvement. Approximately 71.69% of the input exergy is destructed due to irreversibilities in different components. Around 7.976% is available as the useful exergy output. The exhaust exergy lost to the environment is 20.33%, which is lower than the exhaust energy loss of 47.95%, while the useful energy output is 27.88%. The refrigerants used are of zero ODP and negligible GWP, and the CO2 emission of the exhaust gases is very small as compared to that of the fossil fuel run engine, hence, this cycle is favorable to the global environment. The results also show that the proposed cycle has signi¯cant higher energy and exergy effciency than the earlier investigated `triple effect refrigeration cycle' and `the combined power and ejectorrefrigeration cycle'.

Analytical Modelling and Simulation Analysis of Junctionless Nanotube (JL NT) MOSFET

Raj Kumar,Raj Kumar,Arvind Kumar 한국전기전자재료학회 2022 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.23 No.4

In this paper, an analytical model for junctionless nanotube (JLNT) MOSFET has been developed. The analytical model for minimum central potential, threshold voltage and drain current has been developed by using variable separation method. These model expressions are further applied to analyse the Short Channel Effects (SCEs) of JL NT MOSFET. The electrical performance of proposed device has been investigated by varying different process parameters such as silicon nanotube thickness, gate oxide thickness, and gate length. All the results of developed models have been validated by comparing with so obtained simulated results from genius 3D device simulator of VisualTCAD for different device parameters. JLNT MOSFET with appropriate design parameters can be further explored for circuit applications.

On harmonic convolutions involving a vertical strip mapping

Raj Kumar,Sushma Gupta,Sukhjit Singh,Michael Dorff 대한수학회 2015 대한수학회보 Vol.52 No.1

Let $ f_\beta=h_\beta+\overline{g}{_\beta}$ and $F_a=H_a+\overline{G}_a$ be harmonic mappings obtained by shearing of analytic mappings $$h_\beta+g_\beta={1}/{(2i{\sin}\beta)}\log\left({(1+ze^{i\beta})}/{(1+ze^{-i\beta})}\right),~0<\beta<\pi$$ and $H_a+G_a={z}/{(1-z)}$, respectively. Kumar \emph{et al.} \cite{ku and gu} conjectured that if $\omega(z)=e^{i\theta}z^n (\theta\in\mathbb{R},\,\, n\in \mathbb{N})$ and $ \omega_a(z)={(a-z)}/{(1-az)},\,a\in(-1,1)$ are dilatations of $f_\beta$ and $F_a$, respectively, then $F_a\widetilde\ast f_\beta \, \in S_H^0$ and is convex in the direction of the real axis, provided $a\in \left[{(n-2)}/{(n+2)},1\right)$. They claimed to have verified the result for $n=1,2,3$ and $4$ only. In the present paper, we settle the above conjecture, in the affirmative, for $\beta=\pi/2$ and for all $n\in \mathbb{N}$.

Effect of process parameters on the recovery of thorium tetrafl uoride prepared by hydrofl uorination of thorium oxide, and their optimization

Raj Kumar,Sonal Gupta,Sourabh Wajhal,S.K. Satpati,M.L. Sahu 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.5

Liquid fueled molten salt reactors (MSRs) have seen renewed interest because of their inherent safetyfeatures, higher thermal efficiency and potential for efficient thorium utilisation for power generation. Thorium fluoride is one of the salts used in liquid fueled MSRs employing TheU cycle. In the presentstudy, ThF4 was prepared by hydro-fluorination of ThO2 using anhydrous HF gas. Process parameters viz. bed depth, hydrofluorination time and hydrofluorination temperature, were optimized for the preparation of ThF4 in a static bed reactor setup. The products were characterized with X-Ray diffraction andexperimental conditions for complete conversion to ThF4 were established which also corroborated withthe yield values. Hydrofluorination of ThO2 at 450 C for half an hour at a bed depth of 6 mm gave thebest result, with a yield of about 99.36% ThF4. No unconverted oxide or any other impurity was observed. Rietveld refinement was performed on the XRD data of this ThF4, and Chi2 value of 3.54 indicated goodagreement between observed and calculated profiles.

Genomic Heterogeneity of Chicken Populations in India

Rajkumar, Ullengala,Gupta, B. Ramesh,Reddy, A. Rajasekhara Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.12

A comprehensive genome profiling study was undertaken based on automated genotyping and analysis of 20 microsatellite markers that involved 155 birds representing eight different populations. The distribution of microsatellite markers in each of these breeds helped us to decipher genetic heterogeneity, population genetic structure and evolutionary relationships of the present day chicken populations in India. All the microsatellite loci utilized for the analysis were polymorphic and reasonably informative. A total of 285 alleles were documented at 20 loci with a mean of 14.25 alleles/locus. A total of 103 alleles were found to be population/strain specific of which, only 30 per cent had a frequency of more than 10. The mean PIC values ranged from 0.39 for the locus ADL158 to 0.71 for loci MCW005 or ADL267 across the genomes and 0.55 in Dahlem Red to 0.71 in Desi (non-descript), among the populations. The overall mean expected and observed heterozygosity estimates for our populations were 0.68 and 0.64, respectively. The overall mean inbreeding coefficients (FIS) varied between -0.05 (Babcock) and 0.16 (Rhode Island Red). The pairwise FST estimates ranged from 0.06 between Aseel and Desi (non-descript) to 0.14 between Dahlem Red and Babcock. The Nei's genetic distance varied from 0.30 (WLH-IWD and WLH-IWF) to 0.80 (Dahlem Red and Babcock. Phylogenetic analysis grouped all the populations into two main clusters, representing i) the pure breeds, Dahlem Red and Rhode Island Red, and ii) the remaining six populations/strains. All the chicken populations studied were in the state of mild to moderate inbreeding except for commercial birds. A planned breeding is advised for purebreds to revive their genetic potential. High genetic diversity exists in Desi (non-descript), local birds, which can be exploited to genetically improve the birds suitable for backyard poultry.

Quality and Shelf-life of Vacuum and Aerobic Packed Chevon Patties under Refrigeration

Rajkumar, V.,Agnihotri, M.K.,Sharma, N. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.4

Patties were prepared using Barbari male goats meat (age about 4 yrs) and packed in HDPE under vacuum (VP) and aerobically (AP). Packed patties were stored at 4$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$ and evaluated for physico-chemical, microbiological and sensory changes on days 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25. Overall mean water activity ($a_{w}$), moisture (%), fat (%), pH, TBA number and W-B shear force values (kg/$cm^{2}$) of patties were 0.983, 61.93, 18.39, 6.38, 0.150 and 0.86, respectively. Except pH that was significantly higher and TBA number significantly lower in VP patties, treatment had no significant (p>0.05) effect on other physico-chemical traits. However, storage period significantly (p<0.05) affected physico-chemical traits. Moisture (63.79%) and $a_{w}$ (0.985) were significantly (p<0.05) higher on day 25. Patties became firmer on day 20 onwards as indicated by higher W-B shear force. Though packaging method had no significant effect, storage period influenced microbial counts. The standard plate counts (SPC), which were initially log 5.98 CFU/g decreased significantly (p<0.05) on day 10 followed by steady increase and reaching log 4.89 on day 25. Almost similar trend was observed for psychrotrophic bacteria counts. Lactic acid bacteria counts declined as the storage period progressed. Coliforms, and yeast and mould counts were either not detected by the method used or were very low in numbers. All samples of AP patties revealed swollen, greasy and sticky surface with spongy texture on day 20 whereas only some of the VP patties shown such changes on day 20. Results indicated that vacuum packaging had definite advantage in preserving the sensory quality of patties than aerobic packaging but it did not help in extending the shelf-life beyond 15 days.

양이온성 cellulose nanofibril에의 음이온성 carbon dot 흡착을 통한 형광성 에어로겔 제조

( Rajkumar Bandi ),한송이 ( Song-yi Han ),박찬우 ( Chan-woo Park ),박지수 ( Ji-soo Park ),이은아 ( Eun-ah Lee ),김정기 ( Jeong-ki Kim ),( Azelia Wulan ),권구중 ( Cindradewi ),이승환 ( Gu-joong Kwon ),( Seung-hwan Lee ) 한국목재공학회 2020 한국목재공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2020 No.1

Preparation of nanocellulose based fluorescent aerogels in which carbon dots (CDs) act as fluorescence source is reported here. In order to create a strong electrostatic interaction between two materials, cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) are first cationized and negatively charged CDs are then adsorbed on it. A rapid microwave-assisted carbonization of citric acid is employed to produce negatively charged CDs. Cationization of CNF is confirmed by FT-IR, ¹H-NMR and zeta potential analysis and formation of negatively charged CDs is confirmed from their zeta potential and fluorescence spectroscopic analysis. As obtained aerogels exhibited bright blue-green emission. Usage of nontoxic CDs instead of conventional heavy metal based quantum dots and organic dyes minimize the safety issues expands the applicability to biomedical fields. Moreover CNF serves as a matrix for dispersing CDs and prevents them from aggregation as well as aggregation caused fluorescence quenching.

Quad Code Sequence Generation Using Cyclic Redundancy Technique to Enhance Target Detection in Doppler Rader

Rajkumar D. Bhure,K. Manjunathachari 대한전기학회 2020 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.15 No.6

Today’s world is contemplating to set the new developments in radar to face the security challenges in defense. In the scope of radar signal processing, technical expertise in the signal processing, coding theory and techniques brought a lot of exposers to improve the detection probability in terms of range and position. The present art of work focusing on the detection of multiple moving targets using Doppler radar. Though the existing approaches try to increase the Merit Factor and range resolution of the acquired Signal, As such methods fail to fi nd out the target when they are in multiple and moving, due to which the amplitude of the side spikes (Noise) is much more with respect to the highest detectable limit. Those side spikes dominate the probability of detection of a target because the weak echoes from the small targets may be masked by these side spikes of huge moving targets. This recommended approach provides clear information about the targets with respect to Doppler by creating multiple clear windows at various Doppler’s with respect to the range. The amplitude of all windows is below 85–90 dB down, so all moving targets can be easily detected. This approach is validating by the use of Mat lab.

In-Situ Hydrothermal Synthesis of a MoS2 Nanosheet Electrode for Electrochemical Energy Storage Applications

Rajkumar Patel,Akbar I. Inamdar,Hyungbae Kim,Hyunsik Im,Hyungsang Kim 한국물리학회 2016 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.68 No.11

A molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheet film was grown directly on a stainless-steel substrate by using an in-situ hydrothermal growth technique at 200 C. The formation of an MoS2 hexagonal structure with a nanosheet-like morphology was confirmed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) while a layered MoS2 nanosheet structure was observed under an energy-filtering transmission electron microscope (EF-TEM). The electrochemical supercapacitor properties of the MoS2 nanosheet electrode were measured in 1-M aqueous Na2SO4 electrolyte by using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and charge/discharge technique, and the electrode’s specific capacitances were 91.29 F/g and 146.15 F/g, respectively. The concurrent double-layer capacitance and pseudo-capacitance behaviors of the electrode manifested themselves in the rectangular shape and redox peaks of the CV curve. The mesoporous MoS2 nanosheets were electrochemically stable for up to 1000 charge/discharge cycles.