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STOCK MARKET DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM BOOTSTRAP PANEL GRANGER CAUSALITY TEST
RAJESH SHARMA,Samaresh Bardhan 중앙대학교 경제연구소 2018 Journal of Economic Development Vol.43 No.3
The paper presents causality analysis between stock market development and economic growth for 25 advanced economies over the period 1975-2011. We apply bootstrap panel Granger causality method (Emirmahmutoglu and Kose, 2011) for this purpose, which incorporates heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence in a panel framework. Using alternative measures of stock market size and liquidity, we find evidence of uni-directional causality from stock market development to growth in case of individual countries as well as with panel statistics in the presence of cross-sectional dependence which support supply leading hypothesis (stock market led growth). However, we hardly find any evidence of demand-following hypothesis or feedback hypothesis. Findings also reveal that market size is relatively more important than liquidity measures in case of advanced economies despite favourable theoretical prediction that stock market liquidity might ease investments, improve allocation of capital and enhance prospects for economic growth. Probable policy implications that emerge from experiences of advanced economies is that despite several unfavourable features of stock market development, which put certain market dominated advanced economies in disadvantageous positions compared to certain bank-based economies, emerging economies should certainly focus on stock market development as alternative potential means of financial development and hence long-term economic growth.
Rajesh Sharma,Jihoon Kim,양호순,김광석 한국물리학회 2009 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.55 No.1
We report all-optical polarization switching based on resonant excitation of spin-polarized e-h pairs in CdSe nanocrystal quantum dots at room temperature. Pump-probe experiments have been performed using the same and the opposite configurations of circular polarizations. Comparing the co- and the cross-circular polarization cases, it is quite evident that selectively-excited spins are flipped to a balanced state within ~1 ps and that during this time, the two spin states are equally populated. The all-optical switching results are found to be in close agreement with pump-probe experimental results. The optical switching technique proposed in the present investigation should be extremely useful for future ultrafast terabit communication systems.
Unpredictable Reproductive Behavior of Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G. Don
Sharma, Rajesh,Bhondge, Sunil Waman Institute of Forest Science 2016 Journal of Forest Science Vol.32 No.2
The long lived iteroparous conifers produce male and female gametophyte for hundreds of years once they reach the reproductive stage, however, the production of seed is not frequent. This phenomenon of infrequent seed production in conifers is yet to be understood. An attempt to study this change in cone production in Cedrus deodara of Western Himalayas -a species reported to be mainly monoecious and rarely dioecious has been made. The observations recorded on selected trees of flowering/fruiting stage for four years at four different locations have shown the species to be dioecious with higher percentage of female trees during good seed year but with no definite or predictable pattern of reproduction in the trees. A decline in production of female trees was witnessed at all but one location immediately year after reaching the maximum (good seed year). The phenomenon of seed production has been observed to be cyclic and site specific. A change in the sexual behavior of the trees from male to female or vice-versa, male or female turning monoecious or vegetative and vegetative coming to reproductive was unpredictable.
Unpredictable Reproductive Behavior of Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G. Don
Rajesh Sharma,Sunil Waman Bhondge 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2016 Journal of Forest Science Vol.32 No.2
The long lived iteroparous conifers produce male and female gametophyte for hundreds of years once they reach the reproductive stage, however, the production of seed is not frequent. This phenomenon of infrequent seed production in conifers is yet to be understood. An attempt to study this change in cone production in Cedrus deodara of Western Himalayas -a species reported to be mainly monoecious and rarely dioecious has been made. The observations recorded on selected trees of flowering/fruiting stage for four years at four different locations have shown the species to be dioecious with higher percentage of female trees during good seed year but with no definite or predictable pattern of reproduction in the trees. A decline in production of female trees was witnessed at all but one location immediately year after reaching the maximum (good seed year). The phenomenon of seed production has been observed to be cyclic and site specific. A change in the sexual behavior of the trees from male to female or vice-versa, male or female turning monoecious or vegetative and vegetative coming to reproductive was unpredictable.
Sharma, Rajesh,Kim, Bumjin,Cho, Chaeryong,Kyhm, Kwangseuk Institute of Physics [etc.] 2009 Journal of Physics. D, Applied Physics Vol.42 No.13
<P>Deposition of high-crystal-quality ZnO nanocrystalline thin films (NCTFs) on a lattice-mismatched sapphire substrate was achieved using a pulsed laser deposition technique, and surface channel waveguides were fabricated by using a laser irradiation process. The optical structure defined on the film was characterized using a scanning electron microscope while the optical gain of unstructured and optically structured NCTFs was measured using the variable stripe length method (VSLM). We present a new analysis of a VSLM to study gain saturation for various stripe lengths, and its validity was confirmed by the consistent result obtained by using a widely used method for short stripe lengths. In the case of unstructured films, the inelastic exciton–exciton scattering dominates the stimulated emission (P-band) below Mott density while not only N-band due to the electron–hole plasma but also the exciton–exciton scattering contribute to the lasing beyond Mott density. These results suggest that the exciton–exciton scattering occurs in a localized space of a coherence scale, so the coexistence of the N-band and the P-band stimulated emission beyond the Mott density originates from the non-uniform spatial distribution. An induced cavity defined on a ZnO NCTF sample, showing constant periodic mode features, is confirmed which is attributed to local densification produced due to a refractive index change in a structured arc region.</P>
Radioprotective and Antioxidant Activity of Fractionated Extracts of Berries of Hippophae rhamnoides
Rakesh Kumar Sharma,Raman Chawla,Rajesh Arora,Shikha Singh,Ravinder Kumar Sagar,Raj Kumar,Ashok Sharma,Manju L. Gupta,Surender Singh,Jagdish Prasad,Haider A. Khan,Anand Swaroop,A.K. Sinha,A.K. Gupta,R 한국식품영양과학회 2007 Journal of medicinal food Vol.10 No.1
Plants are an abundant source of medicinal compounds, some of which are useful in combating free radical-1002 (flavonoid-poor fraction) of Hippophae rhamnoideswere screened on the basis of their reducing power in the aqueousphase. REC-1001 was selected for further study, since it exhibited 27.38 times higher antioxidant activity than REC-1002.REC-1001 also showed significant (P. .05) membrane protection potential at 50 .g/mL, which was attributed to its abilityto scavenge peroxyl radicals (64.82. 1.25% scavenging within 1,440 min). A significant (P. .05) difference of 67.02% infree radical scavenging activity at 1,000 ng/mL between REC-1001 and vitamin E demonstrated the extract fraction’s worthc-tion. Further, REC-1001 was found to be nontoxic up to 200 mg/kg of body weight. This research suggests that the REC-1001 fraction of H. rhamnoidesextract is a safe and effective antioxidant nutraceutical product.
Impact of gamma radiation on 8051 microcontroller performance
Sharma Charu,Rajesh Puspalata,Behera R.P.,Amirthapandian S. 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.12
Studying the effects of gamma radiation on the instrumentation and control (I&C) system of a nuclear power plant is critical to the successful and reliable operation of the plant. In the accidental scenario, the adverse environment of ionizing radiation affects the performance of the I&C system and it leads to inaccurate and incomprehensible results. This paper reports the effects of gamma radiation on the AT89C51RD2, a commercial-off-the-shelf 8-bit high-performance flash microcontroller. The microcontroller, selected for the device under test for this study is used in the remote terminal unit for a nuclear power plant. The custom circuits were made to test the microcontroller under different gamma doses using a 60Co gamma source in both ex-situ and in-situ modes. The device was exposed to a maximum dose of 1.5 kGy. Under this hostile environment, the performance of the microcontroller was studied in terms of device current and voltage changes. It was observed that the microcontroller device can operate up to a total absorbed dose of approximately 0.6 kGy without any failure or degradation in its performance.
Economic Power Dispatch with Valve Point Effects Using Bee Optimization Algorithm
Rajesh Kumar,Devendra Sharma,Anupam Kumar 대한전기학회 2009 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.4 No.1
This paper presents a newly developed optimization algorithm, the Bee Optimization Algorithm (BeeOA), to solve the economic power dispatch (EPD) problem. The authors have developed a derivative free and global optimization technique based on the working of the honey bee. The economic power dispatch problem is a nonlinear constrained optimization problem. Classical optimization techniques fail to provide a global solution and evolutionary algorithms provide only a good enough solution. The proposed approach has been examined and tested on two test systems with different objectives. A simple power dispatch problem is tested first on 6 generators and then the algorithm is demonstrated on 13 thermal unit systems whose incremental fuel cost function takes into account the value point loading effect. The results are promising and show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach over recently reported methods.