Decomposition of excess sludge in a membrane bioreactor using a turbulent jet flow ozone contactor

Hwang, B.K.,Son, H.S.,Kim, J.H.,Ahn, C.H.,Lee, C.H.,Song, J.Y.,Ra, Y.H. Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2010 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.16 No.4

<P>We have investigated the decomposition of excess sludge generated in a membrane bioreactor using a turbulent jet flow ozone contactor (TJC), which induced both hydrodynamic cavitation and ozonation reactions. We monitored the effects of various TJC operating parameters on the properties of the sludge, including the particle sizes, the particle size distribution, and the levels of soluble COD, total COD, and mixed liquor suspended solids. The TJC enhanced the degree of sludge reduction while consuming less energy, relative to conventional ozonation treatment systems, because of the synergic effects of hydrodynamic cavitation and zonation. The hydrodynamic cavitation generated in the TJC increased the ozone mass transfer efficiency, which in turn promoted the rate of disintegration and solubilization of the sludge particles. Crown Copyright (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. All rights reserved.</P>

맥주박 발효사료 및 대두의 급여가 한우 거세우의 육성성적 및 도체등급에 미치는 영향

박병기,길준민,김종복,홍병주,라창식,신종서 한국동물자원과학회 2003 한국축산학회지 Vol.45 No.3

본 연구는 한우 거세 비육우에 맥주박을 이용하여 개발한 발효사료 및 분쇄대두의 급여가육성성적, 혈액성상 및 도체등급에 미치는 효과를 검토하고자 실시하였다. 공시축은 한우사육농가에서 평균 체중 455±25.9㎏의 한우것 비육우 20두를 공시하여 실시하였다. 시험구 처리는 모든 처리구에 배합사료와 볏짚을 기본사료로 급여하였으며, 배합사료를 전량 급여하는 대조구(Control), T1(배합사료:맥주박 발효사료=60:40), T2(배합사료:분쇄대두=80:20), T3(배합사료:맥주박 발효사료:분쇄대두=50:40:10) 및 T4(배합사료:맥주박 발효사료:분쇄대두=40:40:20)로 구분하였으며, 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 일당증체량은 비록 통계적인 유의성은 인정되지 않았지만 대조구에 비해 처리구들에서 다소 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 사료효율의 경우 대조구, T1, T2, T3 및 T4에서 각각 11.90, 8.25, 9.44, 6.69 및 7.71로 나타나 T2를 제외한 처리구들에서 대조구에 비해 사료효율이 유의적으로 개선되는 결과를 보였다(P<0.05). 혈중 BUN 농도는 대조구에 비해 T4에서 유의적으로 높은 것으로 나타났으나(P<0.05), 반면에 혈중 creatinine 농도의 경우에는 대조구에 비해 T4에서 유의적으로 낮은 결과를 보였다(P<0.05). 대조구, T1, T2, T3 및 T4의 혈중 glucose 농도는 각각 51.00, 59.39, 62.44, 62.17 및 54.00mg/㎗로 나타나 대조구에 비해 처리구들에서 대체적으로 높은 결과를 보였다. 등지방두께의 경우 T3에서 대조구 및 다른 처리구들에 비해 다소 두꺼워지는 것으로 나타났다. 배최장근단면적의 경우 T1, T3 및 T4에서 대조구에 비해 개선되는 것으로 나타났다. 대조구, T1, T2 및 T4의 A등급 출현율은 각각 66, 33, 75 및 33%로 나타났다. 결과적으로 맥주박 발효사료를 단독 급여하게 되면 사료단가는 낮추면서도 비육우의 증체율 및 도체등급에는 영향을 미치지 않게 되는 장점이 있을 뿐만 아니라 분쇄대두와 맥주박 발효사료를 혼합 급여하게 되면 증체율 및 사료효율을 증가시킬 수 있는 효과가 있기 때문에 맥주박 발효사료와 적정 비율의 분쇄대두(농후사료 급여량의 10%)는 것우를 위한 비육사료로서 효과적으로 이용될 수 있는 것으로 판단된다. 또한 맥주박 발효사료 제조과정에서 사료에 대한 발효처리는 맥주박 발효사료의 저장성을 크게 높여주기 때문에 맥주박과 같이 고수분부산물을 가축의 사료자원으로 활용하는 데 있어서 의미하는 바가 큰 것으로 판단된다. This study was conducted to examine the feeding effects of FFWBG (fermented feedstuff with wet brewer's grain) and GS(grinding soybean) in Hanwoo steers. For this research, total twenty steers(average body weight : 455.7±25.9㎏) were grouped into control(formula feed), T1(formula feed:FFWBG=60:40), T2(formula feed : GS=80:20), T3(formula feed :FFWBG=50:40:10), and T4(formula feed : FFWBG : GS=40:40:20), each treatment was allocated to four steers. There was a tendency to be increased average daily gain in T1, T2, T3 and T4 compared with the control even though no statistical significance was found. The feed conversion of T1, T2, T3 and T4 were beneficially better than that of control(P<0.05; 5.25, 9.44, 6.69 and 7.71 vs 11.90, respectively). The blood urea nitrogen concentration of T4 was higher than that of control(P<0.05), but the creatinine concentration of T4 was lower than that of control(P<0.05). The glucose concentration of T1, T2, T3 and T4 were higher than that of control(P<0.05; 59.39, 62.44, 62.17 and 54.00 vs 51.00㎎/㎗, respectively). The back-fat thickness of T3 was thicker than that of control, T2, T2 and T4. The rib-eye area of T1, T3 and T4 was wider than that of control. Appearances percentage of 'A' ranked meat quantity were 66, 33, 75 and 33% in control, T1, T2 and T4, respectively.

Texture enhancement for improving single-image super-resolution performance

Yoo, S.B.,Choi, K.,Jeon, Y.W.,Ra, J.B. Elsevier 2016 SIGNAL PROCESSING-IMAGE COMMUNICATION - Vol.46 No.-

<P>Although various single-image super-resolution algorithms have been developed to increase image resolution, they still do not provide adequate performance in the texture region due to the lack of fine textures in the processed image. In this paper, we present a novel texture enhancement strategy in order to improve the super-resolution performance in the texture region. For texture enhancement, we extract a low-resolution texture layer from an input image and generate a high-resolution texture layer by applying the proposed texture synthesis algorithm. A texture enhanced high-resolution image is then obtained by properly combining the generated high-resolution texture layer with an image obtained by using an existing single-image super-resolution algorithm. Experimental results show that the proposed texture enhancement strategy provides sharper and more natural looking textures compared with the existing super-resolution algorithms. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Tin porphyrin immobilization significantly enhances visible-light-photosensitized degradation of Microcystins: Mechanistic implications

Yoo, H.Y.,Yan, S.,Ra, J.W.,Jeon, D.,Goh, B.,Kim, T.Y.,Mackeyev, Y.,Ahn, Y.Y.,Kim, H.J.,Wilson, L.J.,Alvarez, P.J.J.,Lee, Y.,Song, W.,Hong, S.W.,Kim, J.,Lee, J. Elsevier 2016 Applied catalysis. B, Environmental Vol.199 No.-

<P>This study demonstrates that tin porphyrin (SnP) loading on a silica substrate (SnP/silica) markedly accelerates the degradation of Microcystins (MCs) under visible light irradiation, despite a reduction of photosensitized singlet oxygen (O-1(2)) production. A comparative study using Rose Bengal, SnP, and C-60 aminofullerene suggested that the MC-RR decay rate was directly proportional to the photosensitizing activity for triplet state-induced oxidation, while it exhibited poor correlation to singlet oxygenation efficiency. This implies that electron transfer from MC to the triplet state of SnP (facilitated by favorable MC sorption on silica) contributes to the photosensitized MC oxidation. Experiments to examine sensitizers for the one-electron oxidation of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) showed the superiority of SnP/silica for photo-initiated electron transfer as a possible MC oxidation route. This was corroborated by the negligible effects of reagents that quench or facilitate singlet oxygenation (e.g., azide ion, D2O) on the MC-RR degradation rate. Despite MC-RR removal below detection levels, residual toxicity (indicated by a significant decrease in protein phosphatase inhibition activity) was observed. Tandem mass spectrometric analysis suggests that this residual toxicity may be ascribed to byproducts resulting from addition of a single oxygen atom to the Adda moiety. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

용접기용 전원장치의 도전손실 저감에 관한 연구

라병훈,고강훈,박성우,김준홍,이현우 경남대학교 신소재연구소 1998 論文集 Vol.10 No.-

본 논문은 용접기용 전원장치의 도전손실 저감에 관하여 제안하고 있다. 최근, 산업용 기기의 전원장치에 많이 적용되고 있는 소프트 스위칭 방식에는 모두가 일장일단이 있다. 대용량의 용접기용 전원장치로 주로 사용되는 기존의 Phsae-Shifted FB DC-DC 컨버터는 고주파 변압기의 동손과 고주파 변압기의 누설에너지와 순환전류의 증가로 인한 1차단의 브릿지의 주 스위칭 소자의 도전손실의 문제점들을 가지고 있다. 이러한 도전손실의 문제점을 보완하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 FB DC-DC 컨버터의 새로운 토폴로지를 제안하고 시뮬레이션하였다. This paper proposed that reducing conduction losses on power supply for welding machine. Recently, all the Soft-Switching method has both merits and demerits. to aadapted industrial machines' power supply. The conventional Phase-Shifted FB DC-DC converter that used power supply for welding machine primarily, have problems that the copper loss in the high frequency transformer and conduction losses of bridge main switching device in the 1st terms, because of the leakage energy in the high frequency transformer and inducing of circulating current. To improved this demarit, this paper suggested and simulated a new topology of Phase-Shifted FB PWM DC-DC converter. - To minimized a circulating current.

가변적 축산 분 뇨 특성에 대한 2 단계 회분식 처리시스템의 반응

라창식,홍병주 한국축산학회 1999 한국축산학회지 Vol.41 No.2

Responses of two-stage sequencing batch reactor (TSSBR) to the variation of influent quality were studied, operating the system for the treatment of piggery manure, which has very variable characteristics. Operational cycles for TSSBR were designed to achieve an enhanced denitrification and phosphorous removal using an internally available organic matter in piggery manure as a carbon source. Based on the experimental results, the sludge levels of each reactor were dependent upon the treatment performances of system. Specially, the sludge concentrations in reactors and final effluent were directly functional of the treatment efficiency of organic matter. The relatively low phosphorous (15㎎/S and NOx-N (3㎎//L) concentrations in the final effluent might ascertained that the operational modes used in this study could be an effective treatment method to obtain a combined biological removals of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus without any supplemental carbon source addition. Comparison of the final effluent quality and characteristics of piggery manure fed into the system revealed that the changes of organic matter and nitrogen levels in the final effluent followed, with an interval of provided hydraulic retention time, the trends of influent variation. However, this relation was not found in the phosphorus. Throughout this research, it was concluded that a real-time control or loading rate control strategy should apply to the animal wastewater treatment system, since a relatively constant and high treatment performances could not be obtained, when the treatment system was subjected to the serious variation of influent characteristics.

축산 오. 폐수 처리효율 및 처리비용의 최적화 기술

신종서,홍병주,라창식,오진석,여인서 한국축산학회 1998 한국축산학회지 Vol.40 No.6

This research evaluated the usefulness of real-time control technology in the Treatment of piggery wastewater. Newly invented real-time control technology using Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP) was successfully applied to a new type of animal wastewater treatment process with various treatment phases for organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus removals. The new unit treatment process composed of two reactors, named tw�-stage sequencing batch reactor. was operated under two different treatment strategies. In the first strategy, the treatment system was operated under real-time control using ORP as a control sensor. However, a conventional fixed-time operation relied on hydraulic retention time (HRT) and solid retention time (SRT) was conducted in the second strategy. None of them used a supplemental carbon source to achieve proper phosphorus removal and denitrification. The usefulness of real-time treatment technology was evaluated by comparing the effluent quality and pollutants removal efficiencies. The average removal efficiencies of TOCs. NH₄,-N. TKN. Ortho-P, total-P, total solids ('IS). total volatile solids (TVS), suspended solids (SS) and volatile suspended solids (VSS) were 98, 100. 98, 97, 98. 78. 90. 97 and 97% in the real-time control and 90. 74. 88. 84. 83, 75, 74, 93 and 92% in the fixed-time operation, respectively. The obtained effluent quality was relatively constant in the real-time control. despite the serious variation of influent strength. However. the effluent quality in the fixed-time operation was variable. depending on the influent characteristics. Particularly. the nitrogen and organic matter levels in die final et)luent were functions of influent quality in the fixed-time operation. Comparisons of the real-time control technology with the fixed-time strategy revealed that the former had significant advantages over the latter as follows : Optimization of treatment capacity was achieved by the application of real-time process control technology. High treatment performance and a constant effluent quality were obtained. despite variations in influent composition. The most distinctive advantage of real-time control technology was its self-adjusting ability to optimize biological pollutant removal and energy consumption by terminating aeration when nutrient removal was complete. With real-time control strategy using ORP, a treatment process for swine manure was effectively operated without the addition of an external carbon source such as methanol or acetate, to enhance denitrification and proper phosphorus removal.

Extrusion 가공 처리한 계분의 대체 급여가 브로일러의 육성성적 , 도체성적 및 수익성에 미치는 영향

채병조,라창식,김창혁,송영한 한국동물자원과학회 2000 한국축산학회지 Vol.42 No.3

This study was conducted to investigate the feeding effects of extruded poultry manure(EPM) mixture on body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, body composition, panel test and profitability in broiler chicks. The tested EPM mixture was composed of 50% poultry manure, 30% ground corn and 20% tapioca. Protein content in diets was 21% for starter and 18% for finishing, but same energy content was maintained, 3,100 ㎉ for both. Feeding trial was done for six weeks with five treatment groups; control, 10% EPM, 20% EPM, 30% EPM and 40% EPM groups. Compared with control, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were not significantly different in 10% EPM group (P$lt;0.05), but those were significantly decreased in other groups (EPM 20 to 40%). Carcass percentage was lower in all EPM groups, showing the higher EPM content, the lower carcass (P$lt;0.05). Contents of crude protein and fat in carcass were significantly higher in EPM groups than in control. Also, the fat content in carcass was proportional to the EPM content in diet. Any significant difference was not found in panel test among treatments. Regarding to feeding costs, the higher EPM content in diet was resulted in the lower cost. However, overall profitability was lower in EPM groups than in the control.

운동의 연속성을 이용한 고속 움직임 추정 기법에 관한 연구

송병철,임경원,나종범 한국방송공학회 1995 한국방송공학회 학술대회 Vol.1 No.1

As the search range increases, most fast ME algorithms can not keep the performance comparable to the full search BMA. In this paper, we propose a new fast motion estimation method which locates the small search area for a block of the current frame. 'This method is based on interframe correlation of motion vectors as well as interframe correlation. Especially, the proposed algorithm outperforms other fast methods when the motion is very fast or complex. It drastically reduces computational complexity while maintaining good performance compared with the conventional FS-BMA.

운동영역의 상관성을 선택적으로 이용한 고속 움직임 추정 기법

임경원,송병철,나종범 한국방송공학회 1996 한국방송공학회 학술대회 Vol.1 No.1

This paper describes a new hierarchical block matching algorithm especially appropriate for a large search area. The proposed algorithm consists of higher level search for an initial motion vector estimate by using a new matching criterion over the evenly subsampled search points, and lower level search for the final motion vector refinement. In the higher level matching criterion, mean absolute differences at the search points (or motion vector candidates) similar to motion vectors of causally neighboring blocks, are weighted properly so that these points can have a higher chance to being selected. The proposed algorithm outperforms existing hierarchical block matching algorithms, and its computational regularity makes hardware implementation simple.