Report of the CCQM-K97: measurement of arsenobetaine standard solution and arsenobetaine content in fish tissue (tunafish)

Ma, L D,Wang, J,WEI, C,Kuroiwa, T,Narukawa, T,Ito, N,HIOKI, A,CHIBA, K,Yim, Y H,Lee, K S,Lim, Y R,Turk, G C,Davis, C W,Mester, Z,Yang, L,McCooeye, M,Maxwell, P,Cankur, O,Tokman, N,Coskun, F G BUREAU INTERNATIONAL DES POIDS ET MESURES 2017 METROLOGIA -BERLIN- Vol.54 No.-

<P></P> <P>The CCQM-K97 key comparison was organized by the inorganic analysis working group (IAWG) of CCQM as a follow-up to completed pilot study CCQM-P96 and P96.1 to test the abilities of the national metrology institutes to accurately quantitate the mass fraction of arsenobetaine (AsB) in standard solution and in fish tissue. A pilot study CCQM-P133 was parallelized with this key comparison. National Institute of Metrology (NIM), China and National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ) acted as the coordinating laboratories.</P> <P>Six NMIs participated in CCQM-K97 and two institutes participated in CCQM-P133, and all of them submitted the results. Some NMIs submitted more than one results by different methods. The results were in excellent agreement with each other, and obviously better than those of previous P96 and P96.1. Therefore the calibrant which each NMI used was comparable. It shows that the capabilities of some of the participants have been improved after the previous pilot studies.</P> <H2>Main text</H2> <P> To reach the main text of this paper, click on <A HREF='http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/final_reports/QM/K97/CCQM-K97.pdf'>Final Report</A>. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database <A HREF='http://kcdb.bipm.org/'>kcdb.bipm.org/</A>.</P> <P>The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).</P>

면양(緬羊)에 의한 Formaldehyde 처리 Alfalfa 엽(葉) 분미의 단백질 가치평가에 관한 연구

강희신,R. H. Weston,J. R. Ashes,P. Davis,R. W. Edols 한국낙농학회 1985 韓國酪農學會誌 Vol.7 No.4

低質 粗飼科 밀짚으로 飼育되는 交雜種 緬羊 6頭를 供試하며 alfalfa 葉 粉末, 當年葉, 貯藏葉, 2% HCHO處理 當年葉 및 4% HCHO處理貯藏葉을 供試 飼料로 하고 밀짚 基本飼料 700g 및 alfalfa 粉末 補充飼料 300g 計 1.0㎏를 日量 飼料로 連續 給餌器에서 3시간 間隔으로 1日 8回 給與하며 20日間씩의 代謝試驗을 4回 實施하였다. ^(51)Cr-EDTA 및 ^(103)Ru-phe의 二重 標識物質을 使用하여 腸內 內容物의 通過量 및 滯在時間反芻胃 溶量, 有機物 및 窒素의 利用性을 測定한 結果 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다. 1. 反芻胃 溶液中의 NH₃態 窒素 濃度는 貯藏葉이 當年葉보다 17.5% 높으며(P<.01) 2% HCHO處理 當年葉은 그 無處理보다 7% 程度 減少되고 4% HCHO處理 貯藏葉은 無處理보다 34.0% 程度 減少(P<.01)되었다. 2. 反芻胃로부터 流入되는 NH₃態 窒素 量은 當年葉보다 貯藏葉이 18% 增加(P<.01)되고 2% HCHO處理 當年葉은 無處理보다 6% 減少 (P<.05)되며, 4% HCHO處理 貯藏葉은 無處理보다 32% 減少(P<.01)를 나타내었다. 3. 第4胃內 NAN含量은 當年葉이 貯藏葉보다 6% 增加되며 2% HCHO處理 當年葉은 無處理보다 5.6%의 增加(P<.05) 4% HCHO處理 貯藏葉은 그 無處理보다 17% 程度의 增加(P<.01)를 나타내었다. 4. 第4胃로부터 排出되어 小腸에 流入되는 NAN의 量은 當年葉보다 貯藏葉이 9.0% 더 流入되며(P<.05) 2% HCHO 處理 當年葉은 그 無處理보다 6% 程度 增加(P<.05) 流人되었다. 5. 飼料源 室素 100g 攝取量當 NAN의 小腸內 消化量은 當年葉보다 貯藏葉이 10% 程度 消化가 增進(P<.05)되며 2% HCHO 處理 當年葉은 無處理보다 6% 程度 消化가 增進(P<.05)되었다. 6. 飼料源 室素 100g 攝取量 當 糞中 窒素의 排泄量은 當年葉보다 貯藏葉이 8% 정도(P<.01), 2% HCHO處理 當年葉은 無處理보다 6% 程度(P<.05) 더 排泄되었으며 4% HCHO處理葉은 그 無處理에 比하여 2% 程度 더 排泄되었으나 有意差는 認定되지 않았다. 7. 反芻胃液(Y, ㎎ N%)과 第4胃 濾液(X, ㎎ N%)中의 NH₃態 室素 濃度와의 關係는 다음 回歸 方程式으로 表示되었다. Y = 3.981 + 1.2783(±0.3736)X (r = 0.59, n-2=22) 8. 飼料 窒素 攝取量에 對한 補充飼料 alfalfa 葉 粉末의 小腸內 流入 NAN의 百分比는 當年葉, 2% HCHO處理 當年葉 및 無處理 貯藏葉의 順으로 각각 57.0%, 68.0% 및 65%로 推定되었다. 따라서 小腸內 流入 NAN은 2% HCHO處理 當年葉이 無處理보다 19%, 貯藏葉은 當年葉 無處理보다 14% 程度 增加된 것으로 推定된다. 9. 貯藏葉 補充時 音機物 消化率은 當年葉을 補充할 때 보다 約 1% 減少되고 當年葉 및 貯藏葉에 HCHO處理는 葉中 有機物의 排泄量을 0∼3.4% 程度 增加시키는 傾向이었으나 有意差는 當年葉과 貯藏葉 間에만 認定되었다. 10. 反芻胃液 및 第4胃液의 各 腸器 通過率, 反芻胃 容量 및 그 內容物의 滯在時間은 處理間有意差가 認定되지 않았다. 1. The OM out-put in the faeces was about 3% unit higher with the Old than that with the New, while with the HCHO treated meals there was only a slightly and insignificantly increasing tendency in the OM out-put. 2. No significant differences in the liquor flow rate of the rumen and the abomasum fluid, and in the rumen volume and retention time were found between the treatments. 3. The ruminal NH₃-N concentration in the Old was about 17.5% unit higher (P<0.01) than that in the New, while the New + 2% HCHO was about 7.0% unit (P<0.10) and the Old + 4% HCHO was about 34% lower (P<0.01) than those in the untreated-New and Old. 4. The amount of NH₃-N excreted from the rumen in the Old was 18% unit higher (P<0.01) than that in the New, and that in the New + 2% HCHO about 6% unit was lower, though insignificant, than that in the New, while that in the Old + 4% HCHO was about 32% unit lower (P<0.01) than that in the Old. 5. The NAN content of the intestine in the New was about 6% unit higher (P<0.10) than that in the Old, while in the New + 2% HCHO and the Old + 4% HCHO about 6% unit (P<0.05) and 17% unit (P<0.01) were higher than those in the New and the Old, respectively. 6. The amount of NAN excreted from the abomasum in the Old was about 9% unit higher (P<0.05) than that in the New, while the New + 2% HCHO resulted about 6% unit higher (P<0.01) NAN excretion than the New. 7. The NAN digested in the intestine per 100g of dietary nitrogen intake in the Old was about 10% unit higher (P<0.10) than that in the New, while in the New + 2% HCHO about 6% unit was higher (P<0.05) than that in the New. 8. The fecal nitrogen output per 100g of dietary nitrogen intake in the Old was about 8% unit (P<0.01), in the New + 2% HCHO was about 6% unit and in the Old + 4% HCHO about 2.4% unit was higher (P<0.10) than in the New and the Old. 9. The significant correlation between the concentrations of NH₃-N in the abomasal filtrates and those in the ruminal fluids permitted to draw a predictive equation by regression analysis as follows: y = 3.981 + 1.2783(+0.3736) X, where, Y = Ruminal NH₃-N concentration (㎎ N%) X= NH₃-N concentration in abomasal filtrates (㎎ N%), (n-2=22) and (r=0.59) 10. The percent of NAN entered the intestines over supplemental leaf meal nitrogen intake in the New, the New + 2% HGHO and the Old were 57.0, 68.0 and 65%, respectively. The NAN entered the intestine in the New + 2% HCHO and the Old were 19% and 14% higher than those in the New, respectively.

Mutations in <i>ATP1A1</i> Cause Dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth Type 2

Lassuthova, Petra,Rebelo, Adriana P.,Ravenscroft, Gianina,Lamont, Phillipa J.,Davis, Mark R.,Manganelli, Fiore,Feely, Shawna M.,Bacon, Chelsea,Brož,ková,, Dana Š,afka,Haberlova, Jana,M University of Chicago Press [etc.] 2018 American journal of human genetics Vol.102 No.3

<P>Although mutations in more than 90 genes are known to cause CMT, the underlying genetic cause of CMT remains unknown in more than 50% of affected individuals. The discovery of additional genes that harbor CMT2-causing mutations increasingly depends on sharing sequence data on a global level. In this way—by combining data from seven countries on four continents—we were able to define mutations in <I>ATP1A1</I>, which encodes the alpha1 subunit of the Na<SUP>+</SUP>,K<SUP>+</SUP>-ATPase, as a cause of autosomal-dominant CMT2. Seven missense changes were identified that segregated within individual pedigrees: c.143T>G (p.Leu48Arg), c.1775T>C (p.Ile592Thr), c.1789G>A (p.Ala597Thr), c.1801_1802delinsTT (p.Asp601Phe), c.1798C>G (p.Pro600Ala), c.1798C>A (p.Pro600Thr), and c.2432A>C (p.Asp811Ala). Immunostaining peripheral nerve axons localized ATP1A1 to the axolemma of myelinated sensory and motor axons and to Schmidt-Lanterman incisures of myelin sheaths. Two-electrode voltage clamp measurements on <I>Xenopus</I> oocytes demonstrated significant reduction in Na<SUP>+</SUP> current activity in some, but not all, ouabain-insensitive ATP1A1 mutants, suggesting a loss-of-function defect of the Na<SUP>+</SUP>,K<SUP>+</SUP> pump. Five mutants fall into a remarkably narrow motif within the helical linker region that couples the nucleotide-binding and phosphorylation domains. These findings identify a CMT pathway and a potential target for therapy development in degenerative diseases of peripheral nerve axons.</P>

Approximating data

P.L. Davies 한국통계학회 2008 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.37 No.3

There are essentially two statistical paradigms, the Bayesian and frequentist. Despite their obvious differences the two approaches have certain points in common. In particular both are density (or likelihood) based and neither has a concept of approximation. By a concept of approximation we mean some formal admission of the fact that the statistical models are not true representations of the data. We argue that the relationship between the data and the model is a fundamental one which cannot be reduced to either diagnostics or model validation. We argue further that a concept of approximation must be formulated in a weak topology different from the strong topology of densities. For this reason there can be no density or likelihood based concept of approximation. The concept of approximation we suggest goes back to [Donoho, D. L. (1988). One-sided inference about functionals of a density. Annals of Statistics, 16, 1390–1420] and [Davies, P. L. (1995). Data features. Statistica Neerlandica, 49, 185–245] and requires ‘typical’ data sets simulated under the model ‘look like’ the real data set. This idea is developed using examples from nonparametric regression.

Are “Patellofemoral Symptoms” Truly Related to the Patellofemoral Joint?

( Rafik Yassa ),( Mahdi Yacine Khalfaoui ),( Andrew P. Davies ) 대한슬관절학회 2016 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.28 No.1

Purpose: The pattern of symptoms of knee osteoarthritis has been thought to be indicative of specific compartment involvement. This study investigated whether there was a true correlation between patellofemoral joint (PFJ) symptoms and unicompartmental patellofemoral arthritis. Materials and Methods: A prospective analysis of 34 patients rendered to be suffering from PFJ osteoarthritis and subsequently undergoing unicompartmental patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) was performed. A control cohort of 32 patients suffering from medial tibiofemoral joint (MTFJ) osteoarthritis was included in the analysis. Four questions derived from the Oxford knee score questionnaire, traditionally deemed to be indicative of PFJ osteoarthritis, were combined to create a PFJ subscore and statistically analyzed for their potential relationship with PFJ osteoarthritis and outcomes following PFA. Results: The PFJ subscore indicated slightly worse pathology in patients undergoing PFA compared to MTFJ replacement, but the difference was not significant (9.7 and 9.6, respectively; p=0.851). The improvement in PFJ symptoms was higher in those undergoing PFA compared to MTFJ surgery; however, the difference was not statistically significant (3.7 and 2.2 respectively, p=0.074). Conclusions: We were unable to prove that these symptoms were predictive of PFJ pathology in the preoperative setting, nor were they useful in interpreting which symptoms would likely improve following PFA.

Detection of a Cooper-pair density wave in Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+x

Hamidian, M. H.,Edkins, S. D.,Joo, Sang Hyun,Kostin, A.,Eisaki, H.,Uchida, S.,Lawler, M. J.,Kim, E.-A.,Mackenzie, A. P.,Fujita, K.,Lee, Jinho,Davis, J. C. Sé,amus Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2016 Nature Vol.532 No.7599

<P>The quantum condensate of Cooper pairs forming a superconductor was originally conceived as being translationally invariant. In theory, however, pairs can exist with finite momentum Q, thus generating a state with a spatially modulated Cooper-pair density(1,2). Such a state has been created in ultracold Li-6 gas(3) but never observed directly in any superconductor. It is now widely hypothesized that the pseudogap phase(4) of the copper oxide superconductors contains such a 'pair density wave' state(5-21). Here we report the use of nanometre-resolution scanned Josephson tunnelling microscopy(22-24) to image Cooper pair tunnelling from a d-wave superconducting microscope tip to the condensate of the superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x. We demonstrate condensate visualization capabilities directly by using the Cooper-pair density variations surrounding zinc impurity atoms(25) and at the Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x crystal supermodulation(26). Then, by using Fourier analysis of scanned Josephson tunnelling images, we discover the direct signature of a Cooper-pair density modulation at wavevectors Q(P) approximate to (0.25, 0)2 pi/a(0) and (0, 0.25)2 pi/a(0) in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x. The amplitude of these modulations is about five per cent of the background condensate density and their form factor exhibits primarily s or s' symmetry. This phenomenology is consistent with Ginzburg-Landau theory(5,13,14) when a charge density wave(5,27) with d-symmetry form factor(28-30) and wavevector Q(C) = Q(P) coexists with a d-symmetry superconductor; it is also predicted by several contemporary microscopic theories for the pseudogap phase(18-21).</P>

First search for Lorentz andCPTviolation in double beta decay with EXO-200

Albert, J. B.,Barbeau, P. S.,Beck, D.,Belov, V.,Breidenbach, M.,Brunner, T.,Burenkov, A.,Cao, G. F.,Chambers, C.,Cleveland, B.,Coon, M.,Craycraft, A.,Daniels, T.,Danilov, M.,Daugherty, S. J.,Davis, C. American Physical Society 2016 Physical Review D Vol.93 No.7

<P>A search for Lorentz- and CPT-violating signals in the double beta decay spectrum of Xe-136 has been performed using an exposure of 100 kg . yr with the EXO-200 detector. No significant evidence of the spectral modification due to isotropic Lorentz -violation was found, and a two-sided limit of -2.65 x 10(-5) GeV < (a)(of),(,3r) < 7.60 x 10(-6) GeV (90% C.L.) is placed on the relevant coefficient within the Standard -Model Extension (SME). This is the first experimental study of the effect of the SME-defined oscillation -free and momentum-independent neutrino coupling operator on the double beta decay process.</P>

GEOMETRIC TRIANGULATION OF IMAGING OBSERVATIONS TO TRACK CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS CONTINUOUSLY OUT TO 1 AU

Liu, Ying,Davies, Jackie A.,Luhmann, Janet G.,Vourlidas, Angelos,Bale, Stuart D.,Lin, Robert P. IOP Publishing 2010 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.710 No.1

<P>We describe a geometric triangulation technique, based on time-elongation maps constructed from imaging observations, to track coronal mass ejections (CMEs) continuously in the heliosphere and predict their impact on the Earth. Taking advantage of stereoscopic imaging observations from the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory, this technique can determine the propagation direction and radial distance of CMEs from their birth in the Corona all the way to 1 AU. The efficacy of the method is demonstrated by its application to the 2008 December 12 CME, which manifests as a magnetic cloud (MC) from in situ measurements at the Earth. The predicted arrival time and radial velocity at the Earth are well confirmed by the in situ observations around the MC. Our method reveals non-radial motions and velocity changes of the CME over large distances in the heliosphere. It also associates the flux-rope structure measured in situ with the dark cavity of the CME in imaging observations. Implementation of the technique, which is expected to be a routine possibility in the future, may indicate a substantial advance in CME studies as well as space weather forecasting.</P>

The SAURON project – XIX. Optical and near‐infrared scaling relations of nearby elliptical, lenticular and Sa galaxies

Falcó,n‐,Barroso, J.,van de Ven, G.,Peletier, R. F.,Bureau, M.,Jeong, H.,Bacon, R.,Cappellari, M.,Davies, R. L.,de Zeeuw, P. T.,Emsellem, E.,Krajnović,, D.,Kuntschner, H.,McDermid, R. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 MONTHLY NOTICES- ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Vol.417 No.3

<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>We present ground‐based MDM Observatory <I>V</I>‐band and <I>Spitzer</I>/InfraRed Array Camera 3.6‐<IMG src='/wiley-blackwell_img/equation/MNR_19372_mu1.gif' alt ='inline image'/>m‐band photometric observations of the 72 representative galaxies of the SAURON survey. Galaxies in our sample probe the elliptical E, lenticular S0 and spiral Sa populations in the nearby Universe, both in field and cluster environments. We perform aperture photometry to derive homogeneous structural quantities. In combination with the SAURON stellar velocity dispersion measured within an effective radius (σ<SUB>e</SUB>), this allows us to explore the location of our galaxies in the colour–magnitude, colour–σ<SUB>e</SUB>, Kormendy, Faber–Jackson and Fundamental Plane scaling relations. We investigate the dependence of these relations on our recent kinematical classification of early‐type galaxies (i.e. slow/fast rotators) and the stellar populations. Slow rotator and fast rotator E/S0 galaxies do not populate distinct locations in the scaling relations, although slow rotators display a smaller intrinsic scatter. We find that Sa galaxies deviate from the colour–magnitude and colour–σ<SUB>e</SUB> relations due to the presence of dust, while the E/S0 galaxies define tight relations. Surprisingly, extremely young objects do not display the bluest (<I>V</I>−[3.6]) colours in our sample, as is usually the case in optical colours. This can be understood in the context of the large contribution of thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch stars to the infrared, even for young populations, resulting in a very tight (<I>V</I>−[3.6])–σ<SUB>e</SUB> relation that in turn allows us to define a strong correlation between metallicity and σ<SUB>e</SUB>. Many Sa galaxies appear to follow the Fundamental Plane defined by E/S0 galaxies. Galaxies that appear offset from the relations correspond mostly to objects with extremely young populations, with signs of ongoing, extended star formation. We correct for this effect in the Fundamental Plane, by replacing luminosity with stellar mass using an estimate of the stellar mass‐to‐light ratio, so that all galaxies are part of a tight, single relation. The new estimated coefficients are consistent in both photometric bands and suggest that differences in stellar populations account for about half of the observed tilt with respect to the virial prediction. After these corrections, the slow rotator family shows almost no intrinsic scatter around the best‐fitting Fundamental Plane. The use of a velocity dispersion within a small aperture (e.g. <I>R</I><SUB>e</SUB>/8) in the Fundamental Plane results in an increase of around 15 per cent in the intrinsic scatter and an average 10 per cent decrease in the tilt away from the virial relation.</P>

Biophysical and economic limits to negative CO₂ emissions

Smith, Pete,Davis, Steven J.,Creutzig, Felix,Fuss, Sabine,Minx, Jan,Gabrielle, Benoit,Kato, Etsushi,Jackson, Robert B.,Cowie, Annette,Kriegler, Elmar,van Vuuren, Detlef P.,Rogelj, Joeri,Ciais, Philipp Nature Publishing Group 2016 Nature climate change Vol.6 No.1

<P>To have a >50% chance of limiting warming below 2 degrees C, most recent scenarios from integrated assessment models (IAMs) require large-scale deployment of negative emissions technologies (NETs). These are technologies that result in the net removal of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. We quantify potential global impacts of the different NETs on various factors (such as land, greenhouse gas emissions, water, albedo, nutrients and energy) to determine the biophysical limits to, and economic costs of, their widespread application. Resource implications vary between technologies and need to be satisfactorily addressed if NETs are to have a significant role in achieving climate goals.</P>