Active Balancing of Li-Ion Battery Cells Using Transformer as Energy Carrier

Lee, Kyung-Min,Lee, Sang-Won,Choi, Yoon-Geol,Kang, Bongkoo Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2017 IEEE transactions on industrial electronics Vol.64 No.2

<P>A circuit for balancing Li-ion battery cells is proposed. This circuit requires one small transformer and N + 3 bilateral switches to equalize the charging states of N serially connected battery cells. The transformer works as an energy carrier, and the switches select two unbalanced cells that require an energy transfer from one to the other cell. The circuit was tested for a 12-cell Li-ion battery under static, cyclic, and dynamic charging/discharging conditions. Under static condition, the power-transfer efficiency was measured as 80.4% at a balancing power of 0.78W; two 4400-mA . h battery cells at a state of charge (SOC) = 70 and 80% were equalized after 78 min. The results of cyclic and dynamic charging/discharging conditions show that the circuit is appropriate for balancing the Li-ion battery cells for vehicles and energy storage systems.</P>

도심 수목원에서의 경관감상과 산책이 인체의 생리적 안정에 미치는 영향

박범진 ( Bum Jin Park ),가재남 ( Jae Nam Ka ),이민선 ( Min Sun Lee ),김선아 ( Seon A Kim ),박민우 ( Min Woo Park ),최윤호 ( Yoon Ho Choi ),정다워 ( Da Wou Joung ),권치원 ( Chi Weon Kwon ),염동걸 ( Dong Geol Yeom ),박순주 ( Soon Jo 한국산림과학회 2014 한국산림과학회지 Vol.103 No.4

This research was conducted to investigate the impact of viewing scenery and walking in the urban forest onphysiological relaxation of humans. The experiment was conducted in Hanbat Arboretum located in Daejeon, and thecontrol experiment was conducted in front of Daejeon City Hall. The subjects that participated in the experimentcomprised 24 Korean male university students in their 20s (average age, 21.1±2.5 years), participated in the experimentas the subject, and these subjects were classified into three groups divided into three locations such as the pine forest inArboretum, the pond in Arboretum, and the city. The subjects sat down and viewed scenery for 10 min, and they thenwalked for 15 min. Further, physiological changes were measured using indicators such as heart rate variability (HRV),blood pressure, and pulse rate. As a result, when subjects viewed scenery and walked in the urban forest, a statisticallysignificant increase in the high frequency (HF) power of HRV and decrease in systolic pressure was observed comparedwith when subjects viewed scenery and walked in the city. Through this research, it was found that activities like viewingscenery or walking in Arboretum of the city are effective in increasing the physiological relaxation of the city residents.

크레졸에 의한 화학 화상 1예

이상주,오상호,이민걸 대한피부과학회 2003 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.41 No.4

Generally chemical burns are managed with immediate water irrigation. Cresol is one of the few chemicals that cannot be safely washed off with water. If cresol chemical burn is washed off with small amount of water, the involved area may extend. Thus cresol chemical bum must be managed with caution if a generous supply of water is not available. We report a case of cresol chemical bum with a review of literatures. (Korean J Dermatol 2003;41(4) 533~534)

국소 한랭 두드러기 1예

정혜진,이민걸 대한피부과학회 2003 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.41 No.11

Cold urticaria is a group of distinct clinical entities with different clinical manifestations that share the common feature of an urticaria1 response to cold exposure. In the localized cold urticaria, it is confiied to portions of the body that have contact with the cold. In this article, we report an unusual patient with cold urticaria in which cold exposure causes hives in localized region of the face and the ice-cube test was positive only in that area. (Korean J Dermatol 2003;41(11) : 1571-1573)

Hairless mouse 표피세포의 표면항원 발현에 관한 연구

문태기,이호정,이민걸 關東大學校醫科大學醫科學硏究所 1998 關東醫大學術誌 Vol.2 No.1

It is more convenient to use hairless mouse to carry out dermatological research than to use other mousse with hairs because it has no hair. However, the basic data concerned with the expression of the surface antigens of epidermal cells of hairless mouse are not available until now. In this study, we investigated the expression of some surface antigens including E-cadherin, ICAM-Ⅰ, MHC-Ⅱ, B7-1 B7-2, γδT by flow cytometry analysis. There war no significant difference in expression of epidermal cells between hairless mouse, SKH and other mouses having hairs such as BALB/C, C57BL/6 and C3H/HeN. Slight decrease in E-cadherin expression in hairless mouse, SKH showed the similar surface antigen expression to that of ear. These results suggest that hairless mouse, SKH can substitute mouses having hairs in dermatological research and epidermal cell of trunk as well as ear can be used.

P211 : Red blood cell distribution width is increased in patients with psoriasis vulgaris: a retrospective study on 261 patients

( Dae Suk Kim ),( Dongyun Shin ),( Minseok Lee ),( Hyunjoong Jee ),( Tae Gyun Kim ),( Sung Hee Kim ),( Do Young Kim ),( Soo Min Kim ),( Min Geol Lee1 ) 대한피부과학회 2014 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.66 No.2

Background: Circulating inflammatory cytokines and markers are increased in patients with psoriasis. Recent studies have shown that a higher red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is associated with disease activity in various disorders. Objectives: Our objective was to investigate whether RDW is increased in psoriasis patients, and to evaluate its association with disease severity. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of psoriasis patients seen in single hospital in Korea. Demographic data, hematologic parameters and disease severity were collected. Results: A total of 261 psoriasis patients and 102 healthy controls were included in our study. The RDW value was significantly increased in psoriasis patients compared to healthy control (p=0.037). Compared to mild psoriasispatients (PASI<7), moderate to severe patients (PASI≥7) showed significantly higher RDW values (p=0.044). RDW did not show significant correlation with PASI (p=0.358). When patients were divided into two groups according to their RDW value (<14.6% and ≥14.6%), the mean value of PASI was not significantly different (p=0.219). Conclusion: Patients with psoriasis showed increased RDW values compared to healthy controls. It was also higher in moderate and severe disease group than mild group. RDW values were increased in psoriasis patients and it is possible that RDW value reflects the inflammatory status of psoriasis, but this needs to be evaluated in near future.

Corticotropin-releasing factor decreases IL-18 in the monocyte-derived dendritic cell

Lee, Hee Jung,Kwon, Yeon Sook,Park, Chang Ook,Oh, Sang Ho,Lee, Ju Hee,Wu, Wen Hao,Chang, Nam Soo,Lee, Min-Geol,Lee, Kwang Hoon Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 Experimental dermatology Vol.18 No.3

<P>Abstract: </P><P>Recent evidence suggests that crosstalk between mast cells, nerves and keratinocytes might be involved in the exacerbation of inflammatory conditions by stress, but the mechanism by which this occurs remains unclear. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), which activates the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis under stress, also has pro-inflammatory peripheral effects. However, there have been no reports about CRF receptor expression and the functional role of CRF in the dendritic cell (DC), which is considered to be the link between allergen uptake and the clinical manifestations of allergic diseases, such as atopic dermatitis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of CRF receptors and the functional role of CRF in the monocyte-derived DC (MoDC) of atopic dermatitis patients and non-atopic healthy controls. In this study, mRNAs for CRF-R1&agr; and 1&bgr;, as well as the CRF-R1 protein, were detected in MoDCs. CRF-R2&agr; (but not R2&bgr; or R2&ggr;) mRNA and the CRF-R2 protein were present in MoDCs. Exposure of DCs to CRF resulted in a decrease of IL-18 in both atopic dermatitis patients and non-atopic healthy controls. However, CRF did not alter the expression of IL-6, CCL17, CCL18, and CCL22. Therefore, our results demonstrate that CRF could modulate immune responses by acting directly upon DCs.</P>

Electron Microscopic Observation of Treponema pallidum in Syphilitic Chancres and Syphilids

( Min Geol Lee ),( In Duk Chung ),( Eun So Lee ),( Jung Bock Lee ) 대한피부과학회 1989 Annals of Dermatology Vol.1 No.2

Single Intramuscular-dose Toxicity of Water soluble Carthmi-Flos herbal acupuncture (WCF) in Sprague-Dawley Rats

Lee, Hyung-Geol,Kim, Sungchul,Jung, Da-Jung,Choi, Yoo-Min,Sin, Min-Seop,Choi, Seok-Woo,Song, Beom-Yong,Kim, Jong-Uk,Hong, Seung-Won,Yook, Tae-Han KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2014 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.17 No.1

Objectives: This experiment was conducted to examine the toxicity of Water soluble Carthmi-Flos herbal acupuncture (WCF) by administering a single intramuscular dose of WCF in 6-week-old, male and female Sprague-Dawley rats and to find the lethality dose for WCF. Methods: The experiment was conducted at Biotoxtech according to Good Laboratory Practices under a request by the Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute. This experiment was performed based on the testing standards of "Toxicity Test Standards for Drugs" by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Subjects were divided into 4 groups: 1 control group in which normal saline was administered and 3 test groups in which 0.1, 0.5 or 1.0 mL of WCF was administered; a single intramuscular dose was injected into 5 males and 5 females in each group. General symptoms and body weights were observed/measured for 14 days after injection. At the end of the observation period, hematological and clinical chemistry tests were performed, followed by necropsy and histopathological examinations of the injected sections. Results: No mortalities were observed in any group. Also, symptoms, body weight, hematology, clinical chemistry and necropsy were not affected. However, histopathological examination of the injected part in one female in the 1.0-mL group showed infiltration of mononuclear cells and a multi-nucleated giant cell around eosinophilic material. Conclusion: Administration of single intramuscular doses of WCF in 3 groups of rats showed that the approximate lethal dose of WCF for all rats was in excess of 1.0 mL, as no mortalities were observed for injections up to and including 1.0 mL.

매독의 진단과 치료

( Min-geol Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2016 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.68 No.2

최근 우리나라에서 매독 환자 수가 많이 감소했지만, 피부과 외래에서 여전히 초기 매독 환자와 만기 잠복 매독 환자들을 종종 진찰하게 된다. 피부병변이 있는 경우, 매독혈청검사(STS, serologic test for syphilis)를 시행하여 매독에 의한 병변(1기 매독 혹은 2기 매독) 여부를 확인한 후 치료할 수 있다. 그러나 더 많은 환자는 아무 증상 없이 매독혈청 검사에만 양성을 보이는 환자들이다. 먼저 매독 의심환자를 진료할 때는, 다음 사항을 기억하며 진료한다. 1. 병력 청취는 부부(혹은 sexual partner)를 함께 하지 않고, 각각 따로 한다. 2. 매독혈청검사의 결과는 본인에게 직접 알려 준다. 최근 1기 매독과 2기 매독의 증상을 가진 환자가 늘고 있지만, 대부분의 환자는 증상없이 매독혈청검사에만 양성인 잠복 매독 환자가 대부분이다. 이와 같이 매독증상이 없이 혈청검사에만 이상이 있어 내원한 환자를 진료할 때, 다음 과거력을 환자에게 질문하여야 한다. 1. 매독 감염과 치료 여부를 확인한다. - 치료를 받았으면 어떻게 받았는지 확인한다. - 경구 혹은 주사? - 주사이면 매일 혹은 매주 등 2. 수술력과 수혈여부를 확인한다. 3. sexual contact 여부와 시기를 확인한다. 잠복매독은 증상없이 매독혈청검사에만 양성반응을 보이는 매독환자이므로 매독혈청검사의 이해가 매독환자의 진단에 매우 중요하다. 매독혈청검사에는 nontreponemal test (VDRL, RPR)와 treponemal test (FTA-ABS, TPHA)가 있다. 최근까지 nontreponemal test는 screeinng과 치료 후 추적검사로 주로 이용되었고, treponemal test는 매독의 확진에 이용되었다. Non treponemal test (VDRL, RPR)는 매독균인 trepnema대신 cardiolipin을 항원으로 사용하는 검사로, 가격이 싸서 경제적이다. 그러나 1기 매독과 만기 잠복매독에서 위음성이 20-30%정도 되고, 매독균이 아닌 cardiolipin을 항원으로 사용하므로 cardiolipin이 나올 수 있는 질환들(감염, 임신, 자가면역질환등)에서 위양성반응이 나타날 수 있다. 그래서 최근에는 treponemal test 를 screening검사로 사용하는 경우가 늘고 있다. 그러나 treponemal test는 민감도(sensitivity)가 높아 과거에 노출된 적이 있는 경우나, 매독감염이 잘 치료된 경우까지 모두 다 양성반응이 나올 수 있고, 드물다고 하지만 위양성도 있을 수 있다. 따라서, screening treponemal test에서 양성 반응을 보이면, 다시 non treponemal test (VDRL, RPR)와 treponemal test (TPHA 혹은 FTA-ABS)를 동시에 시행하여 확진하여야 한다. 그리고 최근에는 수작업으로 검사하는 VDRL/RPR 대신에, 자동화 기기로 non treponemal test(예, automated RPR test)를 많이 시행하고 있다. 그런데 자동화 non treponemal test(예, automated RPR test) 검사는 아직 상품화된 시약들 간에도 표준화되어 있지 않다는 것이 문제점이다. 뿐만 아니라, 그 결과치가 RPR, VDRL 정량검사 역가처럼 치료 후 단계적으로 감소하는 것에 대한 기준이 아직 마련되어 있지 않아, 치료 후 추적 검사로 이용하기 어렵다는 문제가 있다. 매독혈청 검사 결과에 따른 진단을 간단히 정리하면 다음과 같다. 1) 매독혈청검사에서 nontreponemal test에서 양성이면 treponemal test로 확인한다. 2) nontreponemal test 양성, treponemal test 양성이면 매독 확진3) nontreponemal test 양성, treponemal test 음성이면 nontreponemal test의 위양성반응이므로 매독혈청검사의 위양성반응(biologic false positive)의 원인을 찾는다. 그리고 screening treponemal test에서 양성이면, 다음과 같은 경우를 생각할 수 있다. 1) 증상이 있으면, 그 증상에 따른 1, 2, 3기 매독2) 증상이 없으면 조기 및 만기 잠복 매독 3) 매독 치료를 받았으면 치료된 매독 4) 치료를 받지 않아도 저절로 좋아진 자연치유매독5) 위양성반응; 의사는 속으로는 매독의 가능성을 생각하며 병력 청취와 확인 검사를 해야 하지만, 환자에게는 위양성 반응의 가능성을 먼저 설명하면서, 확인검사를 먼저 시행하겠다고 설명하는 것이 좋다. 확인 검사로는 non treponemal test(RPR or VDRL)와 treponemal test(TPHA or FTA-ABS)를 함께 시행한 후 확진한다.다음은 외래에서 자주 접할 수 있는 매독 환자들의 증례들이다. Focuss session에서 이 환자들에 대한 진단과 치료에 대하여 나누려 한다. 1. 30대 남자 환자가 내원하였다. 개인의원에서 매독 진단을 받고 치료(매주 한번씩 3주간 주사)를 받았다 한다. 그 후 치료 받은 병원에 매달 내원하여 피검사를 받았으나, 피검사 수치가 떨어지지 않는다고 해서 내원하였다. 이 때 생각할 수 있는 경우는? 2. 60대 남자 환자가 내원하였다. ‘작년 이 병원 정기검진 피검사에서 이상 없었는데, 올해 정기검진 피검사에 이상이 있다고 한다‘. 지난 1년간 부부관계 이외의 성관계를 가진 적이 전혀 없다고 한다. 환자의 피검사 결과는 다음과 같다. VDRL(RPR); 1:1양성, treponemal test(TPHA 혹은FTA-ABS);양성 3. 55세 여자환자가 신체검사에서 매독혈청검사 양성이란 말을 듣고 긴장하여 내원하였다. 남편은 매독혈청검사 음성이라고 한다. 결혼 전, 후에 남편 이외의 성관계는 없다고 한다. 생각할 수 있는 경우는? 4. 27세 여자환자가 내원하였다. 약 15년전(12세) 건강이 좋지 않아, 상처를 내면서 기도해 주는 이상한 기도원을 다닌 적이 있었다. 현재 환자의 매독혈청검사의 결과는 다음과 같다. VDRL(1:1 양성), TPHA(1:2560양성), FTA-ABS(양성), IgM-FTA(음성) 이 환자의 진단은? 5. 40대 남자 산부인과 의사가 내원하여 자신의 매독혈청검사 결과를 보여 주었다. VDRL(-), TPHA(1: 160약 양성), FTA-ABS(1+ 양성), 이 의사에게서 치료를 시행하는 것이 좋을지? 그냥 관찰하는 것이 좋을지?