Effects of Ethanol Addition on the Efficiency of Subcritical Water Extraction of Proteins and Amino Acids from Porcine Placenta

Sung Hee Park,Jae Hyeong Kim,Sang Gi Min,Yeon Ji Jo,Ji Yeon Chun 한국축산식품학회 2015 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.35 No.2

In a previous study, hydrolysates of porcine placenta were obtained and the extraction efficiency for proteins and amino acids was compared between sub- and super-critical water extraction systems; optimum efficiency was found to be achieved using subcritical water (170°C, 10 bar). In this study, the effects of adding ethanol to the subcritical water system were investigated. The lowest-molecular-weight extraction product detected weighed 434 Da, and the efficiency of extraction for low-molecular-weight products was increased when either the concentration of ethanol was decreased, or the extraction time was lengthened from 10 min to 30 min. The highest concentration of free amino acids (approximately 8 mM) was observed following 30 min extraction using pure distilled water. The concentration of free amino acids was significantly lower when ethanol was added or a shorter extraction time was used (p<0.05). Color change of the solution following extraction was measured. There were no significant differences in color between lysates produced with different extraction times when using distilled water (p>0.05); however, using different extraction times produced significant differences in color when using 20% or 50% ethanol solution for subcritical extraction (p<0.05). The range of pH for the hydrolysate solutions was 6.4-7.5. In conclusion, the investigated extraction system was successful in the extraction of ≤ 500 Da hydrolysates from porcine placenta, but addition of ethanol did not yield higher production of low-molecular-weight hydrolysates than that achieved by DW alone.

Effects of Ethanol Addition on the Efficiency of Subcritical Water Extraction of Proteins and Amino Acids from Porcine Placenta

Park, Sung Hee,Kim, Jae-Hyeong,Min, Sang-Gi,Jo, Yeon-Ji,Chun, Ji-Yeon Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2015 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.35 No.2

In a previous study, hydrolysates of porcine placenta were obtained and the extraction efficiency for proteins and amino acids was compared between sub- and super-critical water extraction systems; optimum efficiency was found to be achieved using subcritical water ($170^{\circ}C$, 10 bar). In this study, the effects of adding ethanol to the subcritical water system were investigated. The lowest-molecular-weight extraction product detected weighed 434 Da, and the efficiency of extraction for low-molecular-weight products was increased when either the concentration of ethanol was decreased, or the extraction time was lengthened from 10 min to 30 min. The highest concentration of free amino acids (approximately 8 mM) was observed following 30 min extraction using pure distilled water. The concentration of free amino acids was significantly lower when ethanol was added or a shorter extraction time was used (p<0.05). Color change of the solution following extraction was measured. There were no significant differences in color between lysates produced with different extraction times when using distilled water (p>0.05); however, using different extraction times produced significant differences in color when using 20% or 50% ethanol solution for subcritical extraction (p<0.05). The range of pH for the hydrolysate solutions was 6.4-7.5. In conclusion, the investigated extraction system was successful in the extraction of $\leq$ 500 Da hydrolysates from porcine placenta, but addition of ethanol did not yield higher production of low-molecular-weight hydrolysates than that achieved by DW alone.

다양한 냉동 및 해동공정 조합이 표고버섯의 품질에 미치는 영향

심준보 ( Jun Bo Shim ),조연지 ( Yeon Ji Jo ),최미정 ( Mi Jung Choi ),민상기 ( Sang Gi Min ),유선미 ( Seon Mi Yoo ),천지연 ( Ji Yeon Chun ) 한국산업식품공학회 2015 산업 식품공학 Vol.19 No.3

본 연구는 다양한 냉동방법(강제송풍식냉동, 극저온냉동, 일반냉동)과 해동방법(자연해동, 유수해동, 초음파해동, 전자레인지해동)을 조합하여 처리했을 때 표고버섯의 물리적 품질에 미치는 영향을 관찰하고, 표고버섯의 품질을 유지하는 가장 효과적인 냉·해동 공정을 탐색하는 것이 목적이었다. 급속냉동법(강제송풍식냉동, 극저온냉동)으로 처리한 경우 표고버섯의 해동감량, 보수력, 수분함량은 큰 변화 없이 품질을 유지 하는데 효과적인 것으로 관찰되었다. 특히 보수력은 저속냉동(일반냉동) 및 저속해동(자연해동) 처리의 유무가 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 전단력의 경우 냉동방법에 의한 영향보다, 전처리 및 해동방법에 더 영향을 받는 것을 판단된다. pH 및 색도는 냉동방법 및 해동방법에 따라 거의 차이가 없는 것으로 관찰되었다. 표고버섯의 물리적 특성을 효과적으로 유지 할 수 있는 처리 조합은 급속냉동(극저온냉동) 및 급속해동(유수해동, 초음파해동, 전자레인지해동)을 한 경우이며, 또한 유지하고 하는 물리적 특성에 따라 냉동 및 해동방법을 다양하게 조합하여 처리한다면, 식품의 품질을 보존하는데 더욱 효과적일 것으로 사료된다. In this study, the potential of various freezing and thawing combinations was investigated for frozen storage of mushroom (Lentinula edodes). Lentinula edodes were sliced (5×5×50 mm) and then blanched in boiling water for 1 min. Samples were frozen by either natural air convection freezing (NCF, -24℃), air-blast freezing (ABF, -45℃), or liquid nitrogen freezing (LNF, -100℃). Frozen Lentinula edodes were thawed to a central temperature of 4℃ using either flowing water thawing (FT, 10℃), microwave thawing (MT, 400 W), sonication thawing (ST, 40 kHz, 10℃), or natural air convection thawing (NT, 20±5℃). In LNF Lentinula edodes, MT showed the most rapid thawing within 2.5 min followed by ST (30 min), FT (37 min), and NT (75 min). Quality attributes were evaluated by thawing loss, texture (hardness), water content, water holding capacity, pH, and color. A combination of LNF and MT induced the lowest thawing loss among tested combinations of each freezing and thawing. Thawing loss of frozen Lentinula edodes by LNF method was the lowest by MT. pH values NT of ABF method were significantly higher than blanched Lentinula edodes. In our study, MT minimized the quality changes of frozen Lentinula edodes when it was combined with ABF or LNF.

독일에서 문화학의 양상 및 기능

민춘기 全南大學校 人文科學硏究所 2000 용봉인문논총 Vol.29 No.-

독일어와 한국어의 문형 비교 가능성

민춘기 全南大學校 人文科學硏究所 2002 용봉인문논총 Vol.31 No.-

독일어 부가어의 구조적 특징

민춘기 全南大學校 人文科學硏究所 2001 용봉인문논총 Vol.30 No.-

Fu¨r die deutschen geschriebenen Gegenwartssprache ist der Nominalstil charakteristisch. Nomina ko¨nnen im deutschen Text vielfa¨ltig determiniert werden, wobei die Determinanten des Nomens ihrerseits weiter determinierbar sind. Alle Determinanten eines Nomens bezeichnet man als Attribute. Unter den deutschen Attributen sind fu¨r die koreanischen Deutschlernende schwierig das Genitivattribut und Pra¨positionalattribut. Zum Genitivattribut geho¨ren Definitionsgenitiv, Genitivus auctoris, Subjektsgenitiv, Objektsgenitiv usw. Das Verstehen der Struktur des Genitivattributs ist bei den Analysen der deutschen Satzstrukturen nu¨tzlich. Als Pra¨positionalattribut bezeichnet man eine Pra¨positionalgruppe, die Attribut zu einem Substantiv oder Pronomen ist. Jede Pra¨positionalgruppe kann als Attribut verwendet werden. Ganz allgemein gilt, daß ein Pra¨positionalobjekt bei einem Adjektiv oder Verb sich in derselben Form als Pra¨positionalattribut beim abgeleiteten Substantiv wiederfindet. Auch nominale Erga¨nzungen wie das Subjekt und das direkte Objekt ko¨nnen vielfach systematisch auf Pra¨positionalattribute bezogen werden. Es ist also whichtig fu¨r die Lernende, den Ableitungsprozess der Pra¨positionalattribute zu erkennen.

상호문화 학습의 이론적 토대

민춘기 한국독일언어문학회 2003 독일언어문학 Vol.0 No.21

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde versucht, die theoretischen Grundlagen des sogenannten interkulturellen Lemens (iLY zu beschreiben. Dabei gehe ich von der Einstellung aus, dass wir uns systematischer und uberblickender als bisher uber fremdsprachendidaktische Diskussionen zum Thema iL in Deutschland informieren und uns damit kritisch auseinandersetzen sollten, um die Ergebnisse der Diskussion beim koreanischen Deutschuntenicht anwenden zu konnen. Dazu wurden hier unterschiedliche Ekgriffsdefinitionen, Ziele des iLs und die Methodologie vorgestellt und teilweise verglichen. Unter dem Begriff iL versteht man LemGitigkeiten, bei denen Kompetenzen entwickelt werden sollten, die den Umgang mit Menschen aus anderen Kulturraumen ermijglichen oder verbessem. Er zielt auf interkulturelle Kompetenz ab. Das ist die weitgefacherte Fahigkeit, friedlich und problemlos mit Angehorigen aus fremden Kulturen umgehen zu konnen. Hinsichtlich der padagogischen Ziele des iLs ist zu unterscheiden: Erghzung der Defizite der kommunikativen Ddaktik; EkfiAhgung zur Interpretation von Texten und anderen Informationen aus der fremden Kultur; Vermittlung von Sachkenntnis uber die fremde Kultur sowie Bef~gung zu einem kntischen Urteil uber sie usw. Die Methodologie fuhrt neue Begriffe ein: Container, collage, Movztage. Im Anschluss d m wurden Didaktik und Methcdik aus der Sicht der Lernenden und Lehrenden betrachtet. As konkretes Beispiel wurde der F rojektunterricht nit seinen eigenen didaktischen Stsukturen vorgestellt. Die Arbeit zielt darauf ab, Grundlagen fur die Diskussion iiber die Entwicklung des interkulturellen Lemens in Korea zu diskutieren. Es ist erforderlich, dass wir die Diskussion dariiber weiter voranbringen, um die geeigneten Inhalte und Methoden fiir den Unterricht herauszufinden.

점화 연소기관의 엔진 시뮬레이션 코드의 개발 : Concerning The Intake Flow 흡기관 유동에 관하여

곽기웅,전광민 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1990 논문집 Vol.22 No.2

The intake process of a single cylinder spark-ignition engine was studied numerically and experimentally. Method of characteristics was used to calculate the pressure wave phenomena in the intake system. The calculated volumetric efficecy as a function of engine speed was compared with the experimentally measured value. The comparison showed good agreement at low engine speed but some discrepancy at high speed.

기독교 신앙이 외래 정신분열병 환자의 치료에 미치는 영향

최영민,이정호,이기철,전성일 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.6

연구목적: 정신의학적 치료과정에서 종교적 논점이 무시되거나 지나치게 적용되는 것에 대한 지적들은 있었으나, 구체적으로 종교적 믿음이 정 신분열병환자들의 치료과정에 어떤 영향을 미치는지에 대한 연구는 거의 없는 상태이다. 그래서 기독교 신앙이 통원치료 중인 정 신분열병 환자들의 치료과정에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 구체적으로 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: GAF 점수가 41 이상으로 부분적인 병식 혹은 병식을 가지고 있으며 1년 6개월 이상 통원치료를 받고 있던 13명의 개신교일,정신분열병 환자들을 대상으로 전향적인 연구를하였다. 결 과: A. 긍정적 영향: 1) 치료자로서 환자들의 .신앙과 관련된 이야기를 편견없이 진지하게 받아준 것이 치료관계 형성에 매우 도움이 되었다. 2) 신앙이 마치 개인의 불안을 잠재워주는 도구와 같은 기능을 하기도 하였다. 3) 기독교인이라고 하는 사회적 자기정체성. 하나님의 자녀라는 신앙적 자기정체성, 하나님 과의 안전한 둘만의 관계체험.나는 하나님에 의해 언제나 받아들여진다는 느낌 교회에서의 안전한 수용체험 등이 정 신분열병 환자들의 자아정체성이나 자기개념의 발달에 도움을 주었다. 4) 신앙적 체험 흑은 영적인 깨달음을 통해서 알게된 신앙의 내용을 자신의 행동의 지침이나 청사진 처럼 사용하면서 도움을 받았다. 5) 정 신분열병 환자들이 하나님과의 관계에서 느끼는 보호받는 느낌. 수용받는 느낌 등의 둘 만의 관계 체험은 일상생활 속에서 다른 사람들과의 관계에서 경험할수 있는 체험과는 다른 종교의 고유한 심리 경험을 환자들에게 제공해 주었다. 마찬가지로 신앙체험이나 신앙의 내용을 자신의 행동의 지침이나 청사진 처럼 사용하면서 생활해 나가는 정신분열 환자들의 심리는 바람직한 일상생활 규범이나 일반적인 사회관습을 따르는 심리와는 전혀 다른 면이 있었다. 이러한 종교의 고유한 신앙체험이 치유적인 힘을 나타내는 것 같았다. B. 부정적 영향: 1) 교회 목회자나 교인들이 기도원과 같은 종교적 방법의 치유를 강요 혹은 권유함으로써 환자들과 가족들을 혼란시키고 치료과정에도 혼란을 가져오는 경우가 있었다. 2) 증상을 종교적으로 해석함으로써 증상에 대한 병식을 얻는 것을 방해하였다. 3) 신앙을 전체적으로 파악하지 못하고 문자적으로만 이해하는 인지적 결함의 위험성이 있었다. 4)지나치게 죄책감을 느끼며 자신을 징계하는 태도를 보이기도 하였다. 결론 : 기독교 신앙은 안정된 상태로 유지치료 중인 외래 정신분열병 환자의 치료과정에 많은 긍정적 영향과 부정적 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다. 정신과 의사들은 환자들을 치료할 때 신앙이 갖는 이러한 영향들을 신중하게 고려할 필요가 있겠다. . Objectives : Many psychiatrists ignore the behavioral and attitudinal aspects of religious beliefs of patients with schizophrenia. Therefore, how the Christian belief affects the treatment of schizophrenia was investigated. Methods : The subjects of the study were 13 schizophrenic outpatients with protestant belief having partial or full insight. GAf score of each of the patients was above 41. Results A. positive effects ; 1) Taking the patient's belief seriously without prejudice was helpful to therapeutic relation. 2) Faith fulfilled it's function of silencing the anxiety of the patients. 3) The factors which make schizophrenic patients develop serf-identity and self-concept in their religious lives were as follows : social identity as a Christian, religious identity as a child of God, experiences of safe dyadic relationship with God, feelings of being always accepted by God, and experiences of being accepted safely by the church.4) Faith experiences and spiritual enlightenment itself had a therapeutic impact on the patients as a guiding principle of their lives and blueprints for their actions. 5) Experiences of a safe dyadic relationship with God, feelings of being accepted by God, faith experiences, and spiritual enlightenment provided peculiar religious experiences which can not be found in everyday life. And these peculiar religious experiences seemed to have healing power. B. Negative effects; 1) The clergymen and the members of the church put the patients and their families into the confusion by compelling or recommending religious treatment methods like prayer retreats. 2) They interfered with patients getting insights by interpreting their symptoms religiously. 3) There was a risk of cognitive depfect of gasping faith literally.4) There was a tendency to direct punishment and blame inwards, on to the sef with guilty feelings. Conclusions : Christian belief exerted many influences both good and bad, on the treatment of the schizophrenic outpatients. We suggest that psychiatrists should consider the influence of the patient's faith upon the treatment.

중년남성의 배드민턴 참가가 신체조성 및 호흡 순환기능에 미치는 영향

김동현,민춘기,권영옥 충남대학교 체육과학연구소 2006 體育科學硏究誌 Vol.24 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of eight week of badminton training on body composition and cardiorespiratory function in mid-aged men. Study participants consisted of 10 overweight men who have played the badminton no longer than 3 months and 10 overweight men who have not worked out at all. Body composition and cardiorespiratory function changes were assessed via badminton training in 5 days a week for 8 weeks. The data were examined using the paired t-test and subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results indicated the reduction in body weight, body fat, and fat distribution compared to controlled group while that of fat-free mass was insignificant. There also was a significant increase in VO₂max, ventilation rate, respiratory exchange ratio, and exercise continuous time. Therefore, regular training in badminton can be effective at body composition and cardiorespiratory function and this initial finding can provide positive effects on prevention of an adult disease.