Genotoxic Effects of the Cooked - Food - Related Mutagens IQ and Trp - p - 2 in Drosophila

Lee, Won Ho,Yoo, Mi Ae,Park, Tae Dong,Choo, Jong Kil 한국유전학회 1987 Genes & Genomics Vol.9 No.4

The heterocyclic amines, IQ and Trp-p-2 are the cooked-food-related carcinogens. To know genotoxic effects of IQ and Trp-p-2 in Drosophila, sensitivity to killing, somatic gene mutations and somatic chromosome mutations were measured in repair-deficient strain and repair-proficient strain after larval treatment. Gene mutations were detected with eye-color spot test system and chromosome mutations with wing spot test system. The relative potency of these two compounds in Drosophila will be discussed with the different response of mammalian system and Salmonella system.

Whitening Effect of Octaphlorethol A Isolated from Ishige foliacea in an In Vivo Zebrafish Model

( Kil Nam Kim ),( Hye Mi Yang ),( Sung Myung Kang ),( Gin Nae Ahn ),( Seong Woon Roh ),( Won Woo Lee ),( Dae Kyung Kim ),( You Jin Jeon ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2015 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.25 No.4

In a previous study, we isolated octaphlorethol A (OPA) from Ishige foliacea and evaluated its anti-melanogenesis activity in a murine melanoma cell line. However, the whitening effect and toxicity of OPA have not yet been examined in vivo. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of OPA on melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in an in vivo zebrafish model. More than 90% of subject embryos survived upon exposure to OPA concentrations below 25 μM, which was not significantly different from the finding in the control group. OPA markedly inhibited melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in a concentration-dependent manner.

Effects of Isoflavone Aglycone-rich Fermented Soybean Paste Extracts on Osteoblastic Differentiation of MG-63 Cells

Won Kyo Jung,Il Whan Choi,Go Eun Hong,Chang Won Pyun,Keun Kyu Park,Pyo Jam Park,Su Kil Seo,Yung Hyun Choi,Chi Ho Lee 한국응용생명화학회 2010 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.53 No.6

Estrogenic Reduction of Styrene Monomer Degraded by Phanerochaete chrysosporium KFRI 20742

Lee Jae-Won,Lee Soo-Min,Hong Eui-Ju,Jeung Eui-Bae,Kang Ha-Young,Kim Myung-Kil,Choi In-Gyu The Microbiological Society of Korea 2006 The journal of microbiology Vol.44 No.2

The characteristic biodegradation of monomeric styrene by Phanerochaete chrysosporium KFRI 20742, Trametes versicolor KFRI 20251 and Daldinia concentrica KFRI 40-1 was carried out to examine the resistance, its degradation efficiency and metabolites analysis. The estrogenic reduction effect of styrene by the fungi was also evaluated. The mycelium growth of fungi differentiated depending on the concentration levels of styrene. Additionally P. chrysosporium KFRI 20742 showed superior mycelium growth at less than 200 mg/l, while D. concentrica KFRI 40-1 was more than 200 mg/l. The degradation efficiency reached 99 % during one day of incubation for all the fungi. Both manganese-dependent peroxidase and laccase activities in liquid medium were the highest at the initial stage of incubation, whereas the lowest was after the addition of styrene. However, both activities were gradually recovered after. The major metabolites of styrene by P. chrysosporium KFRI 20742 were 2-phenyl ethanol, benzoic acid, cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, butanol and succinic acid. From one to seven days of incubating the fungi, the expression of pS2 mRNA widely known as an estrogen response gene was decreased down to the level of baseline after one day. Also, the estrogenic effect of styrene completely disappeared after treatment with supernatant of P. chrysosporium KFRI 20742 from one week of culture down to the levels of vehicle.

Modulation of Apoptosis and Differentiation by the Treatment of Sulfasalazine in Rabbit Articular Chondrocytes

Won Kil Lee,Jin Seok Kang 한국독성학회 2016 Toxicological Research Vol.32 No.2

This study was conducted to examine the cellular regulatory mechanisms of sulfasalazine (SSZ) in rabbit articular chondrocytes treated with sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Cell phenotype was determined, and the MTT assay, Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining of type II collagen was performed in control, SNP-treated and SNP plus SSZ (50~200 μg/mL) rabbit articular chondrocytes. Cellular proliferation was decreased significantly in the SNP-treated group compared with that in the control (p < 0.01). SSZ treatment clearly increased the SNP-reduced proliferation levels in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.01). SNP treatment induced significant dedifferentiation and inflammation compared with control chondrocytes (p < 0.01). Type II collagen expression levels increased in a concentration-dependent manner in response to SSZ treatment but were unaltered in SNP-treated chondrocytes (p < 0.05 and < 0.01, respectively). Cylooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression increased in a concentration-dependent manner in response to SSZ treatment but was unaltered in SNP-treated chondrocytes (p < 0.05). Immunofluorescence staining showed that SSZ treatment increased type II collagen expression compared with that in SNP-treated chondrocytes. Furthermore, phosphorylated extracellular regulated kinase (pERK) expression levels were decreased significantly in the SNP-treated group compared with those in control chondrocytes (p < 0.01). Expression levels of pERK increased in a concentration-dependent manner by SSZ but were unaltered in SNP-treated chondrocytes. pp38 kinase expression levels increased in a concentrationdependent manner by SSZ but were unaltered in control chondrocytes (p < 0.01). In summary, SSZ significantly inhibited nitric oxide-induced cell death and dedifferentiation, and regulated extracellular regulated kinases 1 and 2 and p38 kinase in rabbit articular chondrocytes.

Anticancer effect of silibinin on the xenograft model using MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells

Won Ho Kil,Sang Min Kim,Jeong Eon Lee,Kyoung Sik Park,Seok Jin Nam 대한외과학회 2014 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.87 No.4

Purpose: The aim of this study is to know whether silibinin has an anticancer effect on triple negative breast cancer xenograft model using MDA-MB-468 cells. Methods: To establish the xenograft model, we injected the MDA-MB-468 cells into female Balb/c-nude mice. After establishing a xenograft model, oral silibinin was administered to the tested mice in the way of 200 mg/kg for 45 days. The difference of mean tumor volume between silibinin fed mice and control mice was analyzed. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation in MDA-MB-468 cells was analyzed by Western blotting. The expression of VEGF, COX-2, and MMP-9 genes in tumor tissue was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: In the xenograft model using MDA-MB-468 cells, we found that oral administration of silibinin significantly suppressed the tumor volume (silibinin treated mice vs. control mice; 230.3 ± 61.6 mm3 vs. 435.7 ± 93.5 mm3, P < 0.001). The phosphorylation of EGFR in MDA-MB-468 cells was inhibited by treatment with 50 mg/mL of silibinin. In real time-PCR analysis of tumor tissue obtained from sacrificed mice, the gene expression of MMP-9, VEGF, and COX-2 was 51.8%?80% smaller in silibinin group than that of control group and we can also verify the similar result using Western blotting analysis. Conclusion: We verified that silibinin had anticancer effect on xenograft model of MDA-MB-468 cells in the way of preventing the phosphorylation of EGFR and eventually suppressed the production of COX-2, VEGF, and MMP-9 expression. Finally, the tumor volume of xenograft models was decreased after administration of Silibinin.

Study on UV Absorption Materials Derived from Red Algae Gloiopeltis fucatas and Mazzaella sp. in Russia

Lee, Moon-Hee,Kim, Yeon-Kye,Yoon, Na Young,Shim, Kil Bo,Aminina, Natalya M.,Kadnikova, Irina A.,Lim, Chi-Won The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2012 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.15 No.4

We investigated ultraviolet (UV) absorption materials from Russian seaweeds. First, the UV absorptivities of five seaweeds Gloiopeltis fucatas, Mazzaella sp., Mastocarpus pacificus, Laminaria cichorioides, Saccharina japonica were evaluated by a UV spectrometer. Of these seaweeds, Gloiopeltis fucatas and Mazzaella sp. showed high levels of UV absorption. Column chromatography of active 50% aqueous ethanol extracts from Gloiopeltis fucatas and Mazzaella sp. resulted in the purification of two known compounds. Spectroscopic techniques identified their structures as shinorine and palythine. These materials exhibited UV absorptive capabilities at wavelengths of 333 and 320 nm, respectively. These results suggest that Gloiopeltis fucatas and Mazzaella sp. may be useful as natural cosmeceutical sources.

The Problems of De Facto Discrimination on Imported Tobaccos According to the US Technical Regulation

Lee, Kil Won(이길원) 미국헌법학회 2013 美國憲法硏究 Vol.24 No.2

Practical and Institutional Aspects of Environmental Impact Assessments in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction

Lee, Kil Won(이길원) 한국국제경제법학회 2020 국제경제법연구 Vol.18 No.1

오늘날 국제사회는 "국가관할권 이원지역의 해양생물다양성(biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction, BBNJ)" 보존과 지속가능한 이용에 관한 유엔해양법협약상 법적 구속력 있는 국제 법률문서(‘BBNJ 법률문서’)를 개발하고 있다. BBNJ 법률문서 개발과정에서 ‘환경영향평가제도의 도입’은 ‘이익공유 문제를 포함한 해양유전자원의 법적 지위’, ‘해양보호구역을 포함한 지역기반관리수단의 이용’, ‘역량강화와 해양과학기술 이전’ 등과 함께 주요 협상과제 중 하나로 논의된다. 환경영향평가는 인간의 계획된 활동이 환경에 끼치는 영향을 평가하는 절차다. 환경오염이 발생한 이후의 사후적인 대응보다 사전에 오염을 방지하려는 차원에서 평가를 실시하는 것이다. 환경영향평가는 국내 법률체계 내에서 뿐만 아니라 여러 국제조약 등에서 국가의무로 받아들여지고 있다. 특히, 관할권 이원지역에서의 환경영향평가도 다른 국제문서 또는 국제제도를 통해 이미 그 실행이 제도화되고 있다는 점에서 국가 간 폭 넓은 지지를 얻고 있는 것으로 이해된다. 다만, BBNJ 법률문서 개발과 관련한 제3차 정부간회의가 마무리된 현 시점에 이르기까지 국제사회는 환경영향평가의 내용 및 그 이행 방법 등 기술적 요소들에 대한 구체적인 합의에 도달하지는 못한 것으로 보인다. 그러한 합의에 도달하기 위해서는 환경영향평가의 실제적이고 제도적인 측면에서 검토할 몇 가지 요소들이 있는데, 이를 다음과 같이 정리해 볼 수 있다. ①BBNJ 법률문서에 따른 환경영향평가에 적용되는 활동의 범위는 무엇인가?, ②환경영향평가의 절차적 투명성을 어떻게 보장할 수 있는가?, ③ BBNJ 법률문서 하, 과학기술기구(Scientific and Technical Body)에 부여되는 역할은 무엇인가?, ④BBNJ 법률문서와 다른 관련 법률문서나 제도 사이의 관계는 무엇인가? 따라서 본 연구는 BBNJ 법률문서 개발과 관련한 제4차 정부간회의 의장문서에 제시된 내용에 기초하여 상기 요소들을 검토하여 해당 협상을 마무리 지을 수 있는 방안을 궁극적으로 모색하고자 한다. The international community is currently in the process of negotiating an international legally binding instrument (ILBI) to regulate marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). One of the potential elements for inclusion in the ILBI, that is being importantly discussed, is the implementation of environmental impact assessments (EIAs). Although the use of EIAs in ABNJ has gained broad support by state parties, they do not seem to have reached consensus on how EIAs should be implemented along with their content and procedural elements. Among different views and options suggested during the Intergovernmental Conference so far, in my view, there are some of the fundamental questions that need to be addressed from practical and institutional aspects and they are as follows: (1) What is the scope of activities that are subject to EIAs under the ILBI?; (2) How could the transparency of the EIA process be ensured?; (3) What role should be given to the Scientific and Technical Body under the ILBI?; (4) What is the relationship between the ILBI and other relevant legal instruments and frameworks? This article seeks answers to these questions which would be critical in proceeding and, eventually, completing the negotiations on the EIA regime under the ILBI.

Ectopic expression of cyclooxygenase-2-induced dedifferentiation in articular chondrocytes

Won-Kil Lee,유선미,정선우,손종경,김송자 생화학분자생물학회 2008 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.40 No.6

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is known to modulate bone metabolism, including bone formation and resorption. Because cartilage serves as a template for endochondral bone formation and because cartilage development is initiated by the differentiation of mesenchymal cells into chondrocytes (Ahrens et al., 1977; Sandell and Adler, 1999; Solursh, 1989), it is of interest to know whether COX-2 expression affect chondrocyte differentiation. Therefore, we investigated the effects of COX-2 protein on differentiation in rabbit articular chondrocyte and chick limb bud mesenchymal cells. Overexpression of COX-2 protein was induced by the COX-2 cDNA transfection. Ectopic expression of COX-2 was sufficient to causes dedifferentiation in articular chondrocytes as determined by the expression of type II collagen via Alcian blue staining and Western blot. Also, COX-2 overexpression caused suppression of SOX-9 expression, a major transcription factor that regulates type II collagen expression, as indicated by the Western blot and RT-PCR. We further examined ectopic expression of COX-2 in chondrifying mesenchymal cells. As expected, COX-2 cDNA transfection blocked cartilage nodule formation as determined by Alcian blue staining. Our results collectively suggest that COX-2 overexpression causes dedifferentiation in articular chondrocytes and inhibits chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal cells.