슬러지 재자원화에 관한 연구

이주성,공성호,서승원,배성렬,김영채,이기철 漢陽大學校 環境工學硏究所 1997 環境科學論文集 Vol.18 No.-

이 연구는 1993년도에 우리나라의 연간 슬러지발생량이 약 3500만m³에 이르고 있으며, 이들 대부분이 매립되고 있다. 그러나 매립부지의 확보가 점점 어려워 지고 있으며 아울러 매립처분비용도 상승하고 있기 때문에 oil화, 퇴비화등으로 재자원화 하는 방법과 소각후의 소각회를 유효이용하는 방법 등이 연구 개발되고 실용화되고 있다. 슬러지의 oil화는 현재 연구단계에 있으나 앞으로 슬러지의 유효이용기술로서, 가장 좋은 방법이 되리라 기대되고 있다. 그러나 소각후의 소각회의 이용방법은 현재 일본등에서는 실용화 되어 건설자재 등으로 다양하게 이용하고 있다. 우리나라에서도 서울시 등을 비롯한 대도시에서는 하수처리장에서 발생하는 슬러지를 소각한 후에 소각회를 건설 자제용으로서 지자체의 공사에는 반드시 사용하도록 하는 제도를 만든다면 유효이용방법으로 충분한 타당성이 있을 것이다. 이때 소각방법으로는 용융소각방법이 보다 효과적일 것이다. With increasing sewage and wastewater sludge, it has become difficult to dispose the sludge by landfilling and ocean dumping. To solve this problem, efforts have been made to delelop sewage and wastewater sludge utilization technologies in many advanced countries. Some technologies have already been developed; conversion of sludge to compost and fuel, producing artificial light-weight aggregate from ashes. This paper describes the technical status of sludge utilization technologies.

흑연료 원자흡수 분광법에 의한 혈중의 납, 카드뮴 정량을 위한 외부정도관리 시료제조 및 분석

이공주,임홍빈 梨花女子大學校 藥學硏究所 1995 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.5

납과 카드늄을 포함하는 여러가지 농도의 동결건조된 혈액이 외부정도관리 시료로서 제조되었다. 이 시료들은 흑연료 원자흡수분광법(GFAAS)을 이용하여 성능이 파익되었다. 매트릭스 개선제로서 0.1% ammonium dihydrogen phosphate와 0.1% Triton X-100을 사용하여 섭씨 600 내지 650도의 회화온도에서 혈액에 있는 납과 카드늄의 정량분석을 위한 GFAAS의 최적 분석조건이 얻어졌다.제조된 혈액의 균질도와 안정도는 분석조건에서 연구되었다. Lyophilized whole blood samples containing various concentrations of Pb and Cd have been prepared as external quality control materials. These materials have been characterized with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry(GFAAS). The optimized conditions for the quantitative determination of Pb and Cd in whole blood using GFAAS were obtained at the ashing temperature of 600∼650℃, with 0.1% ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1% Triton X-100 as matrix modifier. Homogeniety and stability of the prepared whole blood have been studied at the optimized analytical condition.

흑연료 원자흡수 분광법에 의한 혈중의 납, 카드뮴 정량을 위한 외부정도관리 시료제조 및 분석

이공주,임홍빈 이화여자대학교 생명과학연구소 1995 생명과학연구논문집 Vol.6 No.-

납과 카드뮴을 포함하는 여러 가지 농도의 동결건조된 혈액이 외부정도관리 시료로서 제조되었다. 이 시료들은 흑연료 원자흡수분광법(GFAAS)을 이용하여 성능이 파악되었다. 매트릭스 개선제로서 0.1% ammonium dihydrogen phosphate와 0.1% Triton X-100을 사용하여 섭씨 600내지 650도의 희화온도에서 혈액에 있는 납과 카드뮴의 정량 분석을 위한 GFAAS의 최적 분석조건이 얻어졌다. 제조된 혈액의 균질도와 안정도는 최적화된 분석조건에서 연구되었다. Lyophilized whole blood samples containing various concentrations of Pb and Cd have been prepared as external quality control materials. These materials have been characterized with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry(GFAAS). The optimized obtained at the ashing temperature of 600~650℃ with 0.1% ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1% Triton X-100 as matrix modifier. Homogeniety and stability of the prepared whole blood have been studied at the optimized analytical condition.

모세관 전기영동 분석법의 복합약물제제의 품질관리 분석에 응용을 위한 연구

허유정,이공주 梨花女子大學校 藥學硏究所 1998 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.7

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is perceived as an attractive tool for the analysis of pharmaceuticals and biological materials because of their high separation efficiency. easy separation and low running cost. New concept of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) expanded the application of CE to the separation of neutral molecules. Validation of CE as an analytical technique for quality control of pharmaceuticals should be confirmed by quantitative analysis and the peak confirmation. In this study, the quantitative analyses of various types of neutral. acidic and basic components (acetaminophen. caffeine. ascorbic acid. riboflavin. thiamine. chlorpheniramine. phenylpropanolamine. dl-methylephedrine and dextromethorphan) in complex cold medicines have been accomplished using CE. Combined methods of MECC using SDS and capillary zone electrophoresis lowering the pH of running buffer were adopted to determine the ingredients in capsule type or liquid formula complex medicines without particular sample pretreatment. The results indicate that CE is a promising technique for quality control analysis of pharmaceuticals as a validation method.

Analysis of Double-Stranded DNA Fragments by Capillary Electrophoresis Using Entangle Polymer Solutions in Uncoated Fused Silica Capillary Columns

Lee,Kong-Joo,Lee,Jong Jin The Korea Science and Technology Center 1998 BMB Reports Vol.31 No.4

DNA fragments (51-587 bp) were separated by capillary electrophoresis using entangled polymer, hydroxyethylcellulose, in uncoated fused silica capillary colmns. The factors affecting the separation of DNA fragments with hydroxyethylcellulose media were evaluated, i.e., the concentration of buffer and entangled polymer, effects of additives (methanol, ethidium bormide, EDTA), temperature, and injection methods. Maximum performance was obtained by adding 5% methanol in 0.5% hydroxyethylcellulose solution at 30℃. Addition of methanol in polymer media increased the resolution of small size DNA fragments(<100 bp). On the other hand, addition of ethidium bromide and EDTA, which are commonly used in conventional DNA separation, reduced the resolution of DNA fragments in the polymer solution. It turns out that the separation behavior of DNA in entangled polymer is more sensitive to the running condition compared to that in polyacrylamide gel-filled capillary, but the reproducibility of DNA separation in entangled polymer is reliable.

ROSPath : An Intergrated Database for Reactive Oxygen Species-mediated Signaling Pathway

Lee, Kong-Joo,Paek, Eunok,Kim, Hee-Jung,Yang, Kap-Seok,Lee, Sanghyuk,Lee, Seung-Rock,Choi, Kiyoung,Park, Jisook 이화여자대학교 세포신호전달연구센터 2004 고사리 세포신호전달 심포지움 Vol. No.6

Progress in understanding complex signaling pathways and networks has been hampered by the current lack of a formal and structured collation of the available information, in a format suitable for analysis via software tools. In order to facilitate the organization. and understanding of such complex network of information, it is essential to have a formal means to represent and analyze cellular pathways. We have defined a formal ontology for cell-signaling events that allows us to describe these cellular pathways at various levels of abstractions. Using this formal representation, ROSPath(Reactive Oxygen Species related signaling Pathway) database system has been implemented and made available on the web(http://rospath.ewha.ac.kr). ROSPath is a database system for reactive oxygen species(ROS)-mediated cell signaling pathways and signaling processes in molecular detail, that facilitates a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory mechanisms in signaling pathways. ROSPath includes growth factor-, stress- and cytokine-induced signaling. It is a web-based structured repository of information on the signaling pathways of interest and provides a means for managing data produced by high-throughput tools such as proteomics and genomics. It also provides effective and flexible tools for querying, displaying and analyzing pathways, thus providing an integrated web environment for visualizing and manipulating ROS-mediated cell-signaling events.

SYMPOSIA / SO9-1 : SIGNALING COMPONENTS IN STRESS - INDUCED APOPTOSIS

(Kong Joo Lee) 한국생화학분자생물학회 (구 한국생화학회) 1999 6th IUBMB SEOUL CONFERENCE Vol.- No.-

Signaling Pathways in Angiogenesis were Identified by Systematic Approach for Protein Modification using Proteomic Technology

Lee, Kong-Joo 이화여자대학교 세포신호전달연구센터 2004 고사리 세포신호전달 심포지움 Vol. No.6

Angiogenesis is a key process generating new capillary blood vessels for solid tumor growth and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and angiopoietin-1(Ang-1) are known to play significant roles in angiogenesis. In endothelial cells, the regulating molecular machineries of VEGF and Ang-1 signaling pathways are not well understood. In this study, we have identified the tyrosine phosphorylated proteins and acetylated proteins modified in VEGF, hydrogen peroxide and Ang-1 signaling pathways by using 2D-gel separation, western analysis and mass spectrometric analysis(MALDI-TOF MS and ESI-q-TOF MS). We could identify the modified proteins and modifications species in pathway-dependent manner. Also the combination of 2D-gel separation and mass spectrometry makes it possible to exhibit the heterogeneous populations of same protein which was responded in different ways. The results analyzed by bioinformatic tools were used to extract the biological meaning from proteomic data. The combined results provide the insight for new VEGF, Ang-1 and H₂O₂-induced signaling pathways, and give us the direction of functional studies of target proteins involved in angiogenesis.

Inhibition of eNOS/sGC/PKG Pathway Decreases Akt Phosphorylation Induced by Kainic Acid in Mouse Hippocampus

Lee, Sang-Hyun,Byun, Jong-Seon,Kong, Pil-Jae,Lee, Hee-Jae,Kim, Duk-Kyung,Kim, Hae-Sung,Sohn, Jong-Hee,Lee, Jae-Jun,Lim, So-Young,Chun, Wan-Joo,Kim, Sung-Soo The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2010 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.14 No.1

The serine/threonine kinase Akt has been shown to play a role of multiple cellular signaling pathways and act as a transducer of many functions initiated by growth factor receptors that activate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). It has been reported that phosphorylated Akt activates eNDS resulting in the production of NO and that NO stimulates soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), which results in accumulation of cGMP and subsequent activation of the protein kinase G (PKG). It has been also reported that PKG activates PI3K/Akt signaling. Therefore, it is possible that PI3K, Akt, eNOS, sGC, and PKG form a loop to exert enhanced and sustained activation of Akt. However, the existence of this loop in eNOS-expressing cells, such as endothelial cells or astrocytes, has not been reported. Thus, we examined a possibility that Akt phosphorylation might be enhanced via eNOS/sGC/PKG/PI3K pathway in astrocytes in vivo and in vitro. Phosphorylation of Akt was detected in astrocytes after KA treatment and was maintained up to 72 h in mouse hippocampus. 2 weeks after KA treatment, astrocytic Akt phosphorylation was normalized to control. The inhibition of eNOS, sGC, and PKG significantly decreased Akt and eNDS phosphorylation induced by KA in astrocytes. In contrast, the decreased phosphorylation of Akt and eNDS by eNDS inhibition was significantly reversed with PKG activation. The above findings in mouse hippocampus were also observed in primary astrocytes. These data suggest that Akt/eNOS/sGC/PKG/PI3K pathway may constitute a loop, resulting in enhanced and sustained Akt activation in astrocytes.

Novel Oxidative Modifications in Redox-Active Cysteine Residues

Kong-Joo, Lee,Jaeho, Jeong,Yongsik, Jung,Seungjin, Na,Eunsun, Lee,Mi-Sun, Kim,Sun, Choi,Dong-Hae, Shin,Eunok, Paek,Hee-Yoon, Lee 이화여자대학교 약학연구소 2012 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.22

Redox-active cysteine, a highly reactive sulfhydryl, is one of the major targets of ROS. Formation of disulfide bonds and other oxidative derivatives of cysteine including sulfenic, sulfinic, and sulfonic acids, regulates the biological function of various proteins. We identified novel low-abundant cysteine modifications in cellular GAPDH purified on 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) by employing selectively excluded mass screening analysis for nano ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray-quadrupole-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, in conjunction with MODi and MODmap algorithm. We observed unexpected mass shifts (Δm=-16, -34, +64, +87, and +103 Da) at redox-active cysteine residue in cellular GAPDH purified on 2D-PAGE, in oxidized NDP kinase A, peroxiredoxin 6, and in various mitochondrial proteins. Mass differences of -16, -34, and +64 Da are presumed to reflect the conversion of cysteine to serine, dehydroalanine (DHA), and Cys-SO2-SH respectively. To determine the plausible pathways to the formation of these products, we prepared model compounds and examined the hydrolysis and hydration of thiosulfonate (Cys-S-SO2-Cys) either to DHA (Δm=-34 Da) or serine along with Cys-SO2-SH (Δm=+64 Da). We also detected acrylamide adducts of sulfenic and sulfinic acids (+87 and +103 Da). These findings suggest that oxidations take place at redox-active cysteine residues in cellular proteins, with the formation of thiosulfonate, Cys-SO2-SH, and DHA, and conversion of cysteine to serine, in addition to sulfenic, sulfinic and sulfonic acids of reactive cysteine.