An Exploratory Study of Preservice Teachers and Their Self Efficacy Beliefs as Teachers of English Language Learners

Lee,Yong-Jik,Davis,Robert 한국외국어교육학회 2018 한국외국어교육학회 학술대회 자료집 Vol.2018 No.-

Students who speak languages other than English comprise a growing population in U.S. schools. As a result, many general education teachers find English language learners (ELLs) in their mainstream classrooms. However, they are often inadequately prepared to work with culturally and linguistically diverse students, resulting in a need for better ELL preparation of mainstream teachers (de Jong & Harper, 2005). Teacher self-efficacy beliefs (TSEB), or teacher perceptions of their confidence and preparedness, can provide important insights relevant to teacher professional development and preparation in teacher education programs. TSEB is defined as a self-assessment of the competence to perform a specific task within a certain context, or a judgement of the ability to perform a desired activity (Tschannen-Moran & Hoy, 2001). Recognizing the importance of investigating TSEB, this dissertation examines elementary preservice teachers and their preparation to work with ELLs through microteaching activities. Two research questions guided this study: 1) What are the self-efficacy beliefs of preservice teachers about teaching ELLs before and after microteaching experiences, and 2) how do four preservice teachers construct their self-efficacy beliefs regarding teaching ELLs through microteaching experiences? The data—consisting of surveys (n=55), individual interviews with preservice teachers (n=4), classroom observations and lesson plans—were analyzed with the use of thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006). Findings indicated that the self-efficacy beliefs of preservice teachers were enhanced after having participated in ESL microteaching experiences. However, the data also revealed that the preservice teachers still felt some anxiety and emotional concerns about teaching ELLs. Moreover, their self-efficacy beliefs varied by ELL characteristics (situational factors) and setting (contextual factors). Results further revealed that three factors shaped the construction of TSEB, namely ELL-related knowledge from course work, field experiences working with ELLs, personal and professional exposure to linguistic and cultural diversity, including their own language learning experiences. Inquiries about the influence of purposeful field placements and ESL microteaching experiences for teacher candidates in settings with culturally and linguistically diverse students can yield valuable insights. Future studies of teacher preparation coursework for preservice teachers that embed linguistically responsive theories and practices can inform teacher candidates as they strive to enhance their preparation and self-efficacy beliefs for ELLs (Lucas & Villegas, 2013).

Role of breast regression protein 39 (BRP-39)/chitinase 3-like-1 in Th2 and IL-13–induced tissue responses and apoptosis

Lee, Chun Geun,Hartl, Dominik,Lee, Gap Ryol,Koller, Barbara,Matsuura, Hiroshi,Da Silva, Carla A.,Sohn, Myung Hyun,Cohn, Lauren,Homer, Robert J.,Kozhich, Alexander A.,Humbles, Alison,Kearley, Jennifer The Rockefeller University Press 2009 The Journal of experimental medicine Vol.206 No.5

<P>Mouse breast regression protein 39 (BRP-39; Chi3l1) and its human homologue YKL-40 are chitinase-like proteins that lack chitinase activity. Although YKL-40 is expressed in exaggerated quantities and correlates with disease activity in asthma and many other disorders, the biological properties of BRP-39/YKL-40 have only been rudimentarily defined. We describe the generation and characterization of BRP-39<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice, YKL-40 transgenic mice, and mice that lack BRP-39 and produce YKL-40 only in their pulmonary epithelium. Studies of these mice demonstrated that BRP-39<SUP>−/−</SUP> animals have markedly diminished antigen-induced Th2 responses and that epithelial YKL-40 rescues the Th2 responses in these animals. The ability of interleukin13 to induce tissue inflammation and fibrosis was also markedly diminished in the absence of BRP-39. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that BRP-39 and YKL-40 play an essential role in antigen sensitization and immunoglobulin E induction, stimulate dendritic cell accumulation and activation, and induce alternative macrophage activation. These proteins also inhibit inflammatory cell apoptosis/cell death while inhibiting Fas expression, activating protein kinase B/AKT, and inducing Faim 3. These studies establish novel regulatory roles for BRP-39/YKL-40 in the initiation and effector phases of Th2 inflammation and remodeling and suggest that these proteins are therapeutic targets in Th2- and macrophage-mediated disorders.</P>

Ultra-Wide-Band (UWB) Band-Pass-Filter for Wireless Applications from Silicon Integrated Passive Device (IPD) Technology

Lee, Yong-Taek,Liu, Kai,Frye, Robert,Kim, Hyun-Tai,Kim, Gwang,Aho, Billy The Korean Microelectronics and Packaging Society 2011 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.18 No.1

Currently, there is widespread adoption of silicon-based technologies for the implementation of radio frequency (RF) integrated passive devices (IPDs) because of their low-cost, small footprint and high performance. Also, the need for high speed data transmission and reception coupled with the ever increasing demand for mobility in consumer devices has generated a great interest in low cost devices with smaller form-factors. The UWB BPF makes use of lumped IPD technology on a silicon substrate CSMP (Chip Scale Module Package). In this paper, this filter shows 2.0 dB insertion loss and 15 dB return loss from 7.0 GHz to 9.0 GHz. To the best of our knowledge, the UWB band-pass-filter developed in this paper has the smallest size ($1.4\;mm{\times}1.2\;mm{\times}0.40\;mm$) while achieving equivalent electrical performance.

Emotional Robots Controlled By Music

Robert Lee,Brian Dong-jae Lee 한국음악교육학회 2016 학술세미나 및 연수회 Vol.2016 No.-

Ever since 2000, researchers have been elaborating different methods that robots can enlighten people’s lives, starting from simply carrying out labor to giving mental pleasure and comfort. Fusing with music allowed people to mobilize robots with MIDI(Musical Instrument Digital Interface); thus developing many other educational contents. The purpose of this research is to find the possibilities when both the hardware from mechanical and engineering studies and the software from musical studies are used in order to come up with a STEAM based program.

The Internet of Bio-Nano Things in Blood Vessels: System Design and Prototypes

Lee, Changmin,Koo, Bonhong,Chae, Chan-Byoung,Schober, Robert 한국통신학회 2023 Journal of communications and networks Vol.25 No.2

In this paper, we investigate the Internet of bio-nano things (IoBNT) which pertains to networks formed bymolecular communications. By providing a means of communica-tion through the ubiquitously connected blood vessels (arteries,veins, and capillaries), molecular communication-based IoBNTenables a host of new eHealth applications. For example, an organmonitoring sensor can transfer internal body signals through theIoBNT to health-monitoring applications. We empirically showthat blood vessel channels introduce a new set of challenges inthe design of molecular communication systems in comparison tofree-space channels. Then, we propose cylindrical duct channelmodels and discuss the corresponding system designs conformingto the channel characteristics. Furthermore, based on prototypeimplementations, we confirm that molecular communicationtechniques can be utilized for composing the IoBNT. We believethat the promising results presented in this work, together withthe rich research challenges that lie ahead, are strong indicatorsthat IoBNT with molecular communications can drive novelapplications for emerging eHealth systems.

Sub-gaussian Techniques in Obtaining Laws of Large Numbers in $L^1$(R)

Lee, Sung-Ho,Lee, Robert -Taylor The Korean Statistical Society 1994 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.23 No.1

Some exponential moment inequalities for sub-gaussian random variables are studied in this paper. These inequalities are used to obtain laws of large numbers for random variable and random elements in $L^1(R)$.

Esophageal Submucosal Injection of Capsaicin but Not Acid Induces Symptoms in Normal Subjects

( Robert H Lee ),( Hariprasad Korsapati ),( Vikas Bhalla ),( Nissi Varki ),( Ravinder K Mittal ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2016 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.22 No.3

Background/Aims Transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) is a candidate for mediating acid-induced symptoms in the esophagus. We conducted studies to determine if the presence of acid in the mucosa/submucosa and direct activation of TRPV1 by capsaicin elicited symptoms in normal healthy subjects. We also studied the presence of TRPV1 receptors in the esophagus. Methods Unsedated endoscopy was performed on healthy subjects with no symptoms. Using a sclerotherapy needle, normal saline (pH 2.0- 7.5) was injected into the mucosa/submucosa, 5 cm above the Z line. In a separate group of healthy subjects, injection of capsaicin and vehicle was also studied. Quality of symptoms was reported using the McGill Pain Questionnaire, and symptom intensity using the visual analogue scale (VAS). Immunohistochemistry was performed on 8 surgical esophagus specimens using TRPV1 antibody. Results Acid injection either did not elicit or elicited mild symptoms in subjects at all pH solutions. Capsaicin but not the vehicle elicited severe heartburn/chest pain in all subjects. Mean VAS for capsaicin was 91 ± 3 and symptoms lasted for 25 ± 1 minutes. Immunohistochemistry revealed a linear TRPV1 staining pattern between the epithelial layer and the submucosa that extended into the papillae. Eighty-five percent of papillae stained positive for TRPV1 with a mean 1.1 positive papillae per high-powered field. Conclusions The mechanism of acid-induced heartburn and chest pain is not the simple interaction of hydrogen ions with afferents located in the esophageal mucosa and submucosa. TRPV1 receptors are present in the lamina propria and their activation induces heartburn and chest pain. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016;22:436-443)

River Islands, A New Community in California’s Central Valley

Robert Jacob,Chung Hwan Sung(번역자),Ken Lee(이건기) 한국도시설계학회 2003 도시설계 : 한국도시설계학회지 Vol.11 No.2

Targeting insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 signaling pathways. A novel therapeutic approach for asthma.

Lee, Hyun,Kim, So Ri,Oh, Youngman,Cho, Seong Ho,Schleimer, Robert P,Lee, Yong Chul The Association 2014 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR Vol.50 No.4

<P>Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I has been recognized to play critical roles in the pathogenesis of asthma, whereas IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-3 blocks crucial physiologic manifestations of asthma. IGF-I enhances subepithelial fibrosis, airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and airway smooth muscle hyperplasia by interacting with various inflammatory mediators and complex signaling pathways, such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and the hypoxia-inducible factor/vascular endothelial growth factor axis. On the other hand, IGFBP-3 decreases airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness through IGFBP-3 receptor-mediated activation of caspases, which subsequently inhibits NF-κB signaling pathway. It also inhibits the IGF-I/hypoxia-inducible factor/vascular endothelial growth factor axis via IGF-I-dependent and/or IGF-I-independent mechanisms. This Translational Review summarizes the role of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in the context of allergic airway disease, and discusses the therapeutic potential of various strategies targeting the IGF-I and IGFBP-3 signaling pathways for the management of asthma.</P>

Batch Variation and Pharmacokinetics of Oral Sustained Release Melatonin-loaded Sugar Spheres in Human Subjects

Lee, Beom-Jin,Ryu, Seung-Goo,Choi, Han-Gon,Kim, Chong-Kook,Parrott, Keith-A.,Ayres, James-W.,Sack, Robert-L. The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1997 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.20 No.6

The three different batches of an oral sustained release melatonin (MT) delivery system were prepared by aqueous-based fluid-bed coating of the sugar spheres for the evaluation of in vitro release characteristics and plasma concentration profiles in human subjects. The MT contents in 20% coated sugar spheres of three batches (B1, B2 and B3) were $3.3{\pm}0.08$, $2.4{\pm}0.1$ and $2.5{\pm}0.13$ mg per gram of coated sugar spheres, respectively. The release profiles of three different batches had a very similar fashion. However, the release profiles of three different batches had a very similar fashion. However, the release half-lives $(T_{50%})$ of MT from B1, B2 and B3 was $3.70{\pm}0.2$, $5.2{\pm}0.2$ and $4.9{\pm}0.07h$, respectively. Plasma concentration profiles of sustained release 0.2mg melatonin-loaded sugar spheres containing 10% immediate release melatonin in gelatin capsules (B1 and B2) were then evaluated in human subjects. The in vivo plasma concentration profies of the two batches (B1 and B2) were very similar each other and located between the physiological endogenous ranges. The time to reach the peak concentration $(T_max)$ was more advanced in case of B1 when compared to B2. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the maximum concentration $(C_max)$ and the area under the curve (AUC) between B1 and B2. The AUC of melatonin-loaded sugar spheres containing 10% and 20% immediate release MT in human subjects had a good linearity between dose and AUC, regardless of the fraction of immediate release MT, indicating the first order elimination process of MT within these doses. The current oral sustained release MT delivery system may be utilized to treat circadian rhythm disorders if it is proven to be more clinically useful when compared to immediate release MT.