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기억을 통한 역사 다시쓰기: 이창래의 『제스처 인생』 분석
이휘재 ( Hwi Jae Lee ) 한국현대영미소설학회 2013 현대영미소설 Vol.20 No.2
This thesis aims to read A Gesture Life, a novel written by Chang-rae Lee, through Walter Benjamin`s theory on memory. For this purpose, this study is divided into two parts: the first is understanding of Benjamin`s theorization on memory and the other is a reading of A Gesture Life. Benjamin`s key concept relevant to my reading of A GestureLife is``involuntary memory,``which,as opposed to voluntary memory, is the one suddenly brought to the present from the past through one`s unconscious remembrance. Involuntary memory is forgotten from one`s conscious and remembered only through one`s deepest unconscious. With the retrieval of one`s involuntary memory, the oppressed individual can rewrite one`s subjective historical truth abjected and denied from the official historiography reflecting the perspective of the winners. Based on Benjamin`s concept of involuntary memory, this study proposes that A Gesture Life rewrites the abjected histories of the two historical others, Kketaeh(a Korean comfort woman Hata met during the Pacific War)and Sunny(Hata`s adopted mixed daughter born between a Korean prostitute and an American black GI) through the involuntary remembrance of the protagonist, Franklin Hata. Hata,a Japanese-American elderly man living in a wealthy village nearby New York, has attempted to forget two women in order to successfully assimilate into the mainstream society. However, as the novel progresses, they are suddenly summoned to the present through his involuntary remembrance, demanding an ethical and political action. In response to this demand, Hata makes a choice to leave his beloved home,a symbol of his assimilation. I interpretHata`s act as a declaration not to be assimilated.
Lee, Jae-Chul,Cho, Geum-Sil,Kim, In Hye,Park, Joon Ha,Cho, Jeong-Hwi,Ahn, Ji Hyeon,Bae, Eun Joo,Ahn, Ji Yun,Park, Chan Woo,Cho, Jun Hwi,Kim, Young-Myeong,Won, Moo-Ho,Lee, Hui Young Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 2015 Neurochem Res Vol.40 No.5
<P>p63 is a transcription factor of p53 gene family, which are involved in development, differentiation and cell response to stress; however, its roles in ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in the brain are not clear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of IPC on p63 immunoreactivity caused by 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia in gerbils. IPC was induced by subjecting the gerbils to 2 min of transie ischemia 1 day prior to 5 min of transient ischemia. The animals were randomly assigned to four groups (sham-operated-group, ischemia-operated-group, IPC plus (+)-sham-operated-group and IPC + ischemia-operated-group). The number of viable neurons in the stratum pyramidale of the hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) was significantly increased by IPC + ischemia-operated-group compared with that in the ischemia-operated-group 5 days after ischemic insult. We found that strong p63 immunoreactivity was detected in the CA1 pyramidal neurons in the sham-operated-group, and the immunoreactivity was decreased with time after ischemia-reperfusion. In addition, strong p63 immunoreactivity was newly expressed in microglial cells of the CA1 region from 2 days after ischemia-reperfusion. In all the IPC + sham-operated-groups, p63 immunoreactivity in the CA1 pyramidal neurons was similar to that in the sham-operated-group, and the immunoreactivity was well maintained in the IPC + ischemia-operated-groups after cerebral ischemia. In brief, our present findings show that IPC dramatically protected the reduction of p63 immunoreactivity in the pyramidal neurons of the CA1 region after ischemia-reperfusion, and this result suggests that the expression of p63 may be necessary for neurons to survive after transient cerebral ischemia.</P>
Lee, Jae-Hwy,Hwang, Byung-Nam,Lee, Jeong-Keun 아주대학교 의과학연구소 1996 아주의학 Vol.1 No.1
Internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) can be defined as an abnormal relationship of the articular disc lo the condylar head and articular eminence. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an excellent method for the primary diagnostic evaluation of TMJ internal derangement. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical, radiological, and surgical findings of TMJ internal derangement with the disc position and configuration based upon MR findings and to help diagnosis and treatment of TMJ internal derangement. In seventy eight patients, who were diagnosed as TMJ internal derangement, TMJ sounds had the majority in clinical symptom and past history. The most common articular disc position and configuration seen by sagittal MRI were anterior disc displacement with reduction in 32.7% and deformed in 76.3%. The disc deformation was closely correlated with the disc position. Among the treatments, conservative treatment and arthrocentesis was 87.2%, and open TMJ surgery was performed in 12.8%. The better prognosis was shown in 83.3% of all the patients. Of all open TMJ surgeries, discoplasty was 80.0%, and discectomy was 20.0%. The disc displacement and deformation were observed in all surgical joints, with the condylar degenerative change in 70.0% and the perforation in 40.0%.
On some properties of sofic shifts
Lee, Eun-Hwi,Lee, Young-soo,Lee, Jae-Ill 전주대학교 자연과학종합연구소 1998 전주대학교 자연과학연구소 학술논문집 Vol.11 No.1
We show that a shift space is solic if and only if it has a finite number of follower sets
LEE, JAE-CHUL,TAE, HYUN-JIN,CHO, GEUM-SIL,KIM, IN HYE,AHN, JI HYEON,PARK, JOON HA,CHEN, BAI HUI,CHO, JEONG-HWI,SHIN, BICH NA,CHO, JUN HWI,BAE, EUN JOO,PARK, JINSEU,KIM, YOUNG-MYEONG,CHOI, SOO YOUNG,WO D.A. Spandidos 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE Vol.35 No.6
<P>Pyramidal neurons in region I of hippocampus proper (CA1) are particularly vulnerable to excitotoxic processes following transient forebrain ischemia. Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is a small molecule derived from tryptophan when this amino acid is metabolized through the kynurenine pathway. In the present study, we examined the effects of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on the immunoreactivity and protein levels of KYNA following 5 min of transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils. The animals were randomly assigned to 4 groups (sham-operated group, ischemia-operated group, IPC + sham-operated group and IPC + ischemia-operated group). IPC was induced by subjecting the gerbils to 2 min of ischemia followed by 1 day of recovery. In the ischemia-operated group, we observed a significant loss of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 stratum pyramidale (SP) at 5 days post-ischemia; however, in the IPC + ischemia-operated group, the pyramidal neurons were well protected. KYNA immunoreactivity in the SP of the ischemia-operated group was significantly altered following ischemia-reperfusion and was very low 5 days following ischemia-reperfusion. In the IPC + ischemia-operated group, however, KYNA immunoreactivity was constitutively detected in the SP of the CA1 region after the ischemic insult. We also found that the alteration pattern of the KYNA protein level in the CA1 region following ischemia was generally similar to the immunohistochemical changes observed. In brief, our findings demonstrated that IPC maintained and even increased KYNA immunoreactivity in the SP of the CA1 region following ischemia-reperfusion. The data from the present study thus indicate that the enhancement of KYNA expression by IPC may be necessary for neuronal survival following transient ischemic injury.</P>
Lee, Sang-Kil,Lee, Jae-Hwi,Choi, Young-Wook Korean Chemical Society 2007 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.28 No.1
To prepare freeze-dried ascorbyl palmitate (AsP)-containing liposome which can protect the drug from moisture attack and be used instantly by mixing with water for anti-aging and skin whitening therapy, AsP was encapsulated into liposomes and freeze-dried with trehalose. The freeze-dried liposome formulations were characterized by measuring water contents, particle size, time required for complete reconstitution. With the freeze-dried liposomes, we performed the stability test under accelerated conditions, skin permeation and localization test. The measurement of the time to perfect reconstitution showed that the freeze-dried liposomes can be changed to their initial state rapidly and short term stability test of AsP in reconstituted liposomes under accelerated conditions confirmed that the stability of AsP was considerably enhanced as compared to freshly prepared liposomes. The skin permeation and localization properties of AsP in reconstituted liposomes were not significantly different, indicating that the liposomal structures were maintained before and after freezedrying. In conclusion, the freeze-drying method provided a possible way to overcome the instability issue of AsP induced by the moisture and reproduced similar skin permeation and localization properties as shown by freshly prepared liposomes.