VTK를 이용한 시각화 프로그램의 개발

이원기, 김용일, 권득철, 윤남식 충북대학교 컴퓨터정보통신연구소 2008 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.16 No.1

-본문참고-

간경변증과 간세포암 환자에서 원인에 따른 Child-Pugh 점수, PGA 지수와 MELD 점수간의 상관관계

문병식,안혁수,안득수,이승옥 대한간학회 2003 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.9 No.2

서론: 간경증변의 정도를 정량적으로 측정하는 것은 여러 면에서 매우 중요하며, 이의 척도로 Child-Pugh 점수를 가장 보편적으로 이용되고 있고, 또 다른 척도로서 PGA 지수와 MELD 점수가 이용되고 있다. 이에 저자들은 간경변 환자와 이에 동반된 간세포암 환자에서 각각 알콜에 의한 경우와 바이러스성 간염에 의한 경우로 나누고, 각각에서의 Child-Pugh 점수, PGA 지수와 MELD 점수를 측정하고, 이들 척도간의 상관 관계와 각각의 원인에 따른 척도간의 차이를 비교 분석하였다. 대상과 방법: 2000년 3월부터 2002년 7월까지 알코올과 B형 간염바이러스에 의한 간경변증 또는 간세포암으로 진단된 339명의 환자에 대해 챠트를 분석하여, 간경변증과 이에 병발된 간세포암으로 진단된 경우로 구분하고 각 원인에 따라 네가지군으로 분류하였다: 알코올에 의한 간경변증 환자군: LC-Al, B형 간염 바이러스에 의한 간경변증 환자군: LC-B, 알코올에 의한 간경변증에 병발된 간세포암 환자군: HCC-Al,B형 간염 바이러스에 의한 간경변증에 병발된 간세포암 환자군: HCC-B. 각 네군 환자의 Child-Pugh 점수, PGA 지수와 MELD 점수를 측정하여 이를 비교 분석하였다. 결과: 총 399명 중 간경변으로만 진단된 환자는 201명 (LC-Al: 100명, LC-B: 101명)이었고, 간경변을 동반한 간세포암으로 진단된 환자는 138명 (HCC-Al: 31명, HCC-B: 107명)이었다. Child-Pugh 점수, PGA 지수 및 MELD 점수의 평균값은 각 군간의 통계학적인 차이가 없었다. 모든 환자군에서의 Child-Pugh 점수와 PGA 지수간의 상관관계는 정비례 관계를 보였으며(LC-Al 0.602, LC-B 0.770, HCC-Al 0.435, HCC-B 0.502), Child-Pugh 점수와 MELD 점수간의 상관 관계는 또한 정비례 관계이었다(0.548, 0.794, 0.708, 0.670). PGA 지수와 MELD 점수간의 상관 관계는 HCC-Al 군을 제외한(0.236) 다른 세 군에서 정비례 관계를 보였다(0.419, 0.622, 0.348). 질환별 상관 관계는 간세포암이 병발된 환자군보다 간경변증만 있는 환자군에서 상관계수 값이 더 높은 경향을 보였고, 원인별 상관 관계는 알코올에 의한 환자군보다 B형 간염 바이러스에 의한 경우에 상관계수 값이 더 높은 경향을 보였다. 결론: 간경변증 환자와 간세포암 환자에서 Child-Pugh 점수, PGA 지수와 MELD 점수간의 상관 관계는 정비례하였다. 간경변증만 있는 환자에서 간세포암 환자에 비해 각지수간의 상관계수 값이 높은 경향을 보였고, 원인이 B형 간염 바이러스인 경우에 알코올인 경우 보다 상관계수 값이 높은 경향을 보였다. Background/Aims: to determine the treatment modalities and the prognosis of a patient with liver cirrhosis, quantitative estimation of liver function is important. We assessed the Child-Pugh score (CPS), the common method as a severity index for the cirrhosis, the Promthombin, Υ-GT, and Apolipoprotein Al (PGA) index and model for end-stage liver disease(MELD) score. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between these indices in the patients with cirrhosis only and hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC), according to underlying causes (HBV and alcohol). Methods: We reviewed medical records of 339 cirrhotic patients with/without hepatocellular carcinoma and divided patient groups by disease and underlying cause: cirrhosis caused by alcohol; LC-Al, hepatocellular carcinoma with cirrhosis caused by HBV; HCC-B. We assessed the CPS, PGA index and MELD score and calculated the correlation coefficient between these scores. Results: Among the total of 399 patients, 201 patients were diagnosed on the liver cirrhosis only, and 138 patients on the hepatocellular carcinoma with cirrhosis. In each groups, mean score values were not significantly different in CPS, PGA index and MELD score. The correlation of CPS, PGA index and MELD score in all groups, except for the correlation of PGA index and MELD score in HCC-Al group, was significantly positive (p<0.05). Compared to correlation coefficients between three indices, the patients with cirrhosis only had higher tendencies than the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. The patients by HBV had higher tendencies than by alcohol. Conclusions: The correlations between CPS, PGA index and MELD score showed significantly positive correlations in the patients with liver cirrhosis only and hepatocellular carcinoma with cirrhosis (except in HCC-Al group). The patients with cirrhosis only had higher correlation coefficients than the patients with PHC and patients by HBV had higher than by alcohol.

발효콩 추출물의 항돌연변이원성 및 세포독성 효과

최승필,이효진,문선영,김수현,이득식,함승시 동아시아식생활학회 2004 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.14 No.3

This study was carried out to determine the antimutagenic and anticancer effects of fermented soybean using Ames test and cytotoxicity, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction (200 g/plate) of fermented soybean in the Salmonella typhimurium TA100 strain showed 86.6% of inhibition rate against the mutagenesis induced by N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG). In addition, the suppression of ethyl acetate fraction with same concentration of fermented soybean in the Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains showed 82.4% and 90.8% inhibition against 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido-(4,3-b)indol (Trp-P-1), respectively. The cytotoxicity effects of fermented soybean against the cell lines with human lung carcinoma (A549), human gastric carcinoma (AGS) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) were inhibited with the increase of the extract concentration. The treatment of 1.0 ㎎/mL ethyl acetate fraction of fermented soybean showed strong cytotoxicities of 71.6%, 91.5% and 80.7% against A549, AGS and MCF-7, respectively.

한국산 생열귀나무 (Rosa davurica Pall.) 잎의 성분 및 항산화 효과에 관한 연구

김준범,최승필,이득식,함승시 한국식품저장유통학회 ( 구 한국농산물저장유통학회 ) 2004 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.11 No.1

생열귀나무의 잎에 대한 일반성분과 tocopherol 동족체를 분석하였으며, 생리활성 기능을 검색하기 위해 메탄올 추출물의 항산화력을 보다 더 정제하기 위해 헥산, 클로르포름, 에틸아세테이트, 부탄올 및 물충으로 분획하여 얻어진 추출물과 분획물을 이용하여 자외선(UV 308, 350 nm) 차단효과와 DPPH 자유라디칼 소거법에 의한 항산화성 효과를 검토하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 일반성분의 분석 결과 수분이 67.5%로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 탄수화물 18.9%, 조단백질 6.8%, 회분 6.1% 그리고 조지방 0.7% 순이었다. 무기질 함량으로 가장 높은 것은 칼륨으로 1,637.2 mg%로 나타났다. 메탄올 추출물을 물로 현탁시킨 후 헥산, 클로르포름, 에틸아세테이트, 부탄올 순서로 용매를 분획하여 각각의 분획물을 얻은 결과 물(34.8%)이 가장 높게 분획되었으며, 메탄올 추출물을 각각 n-헥산, 클로르포름, 에틸아세테이트, n-부탄올 및 물 분획물을 얻어 자외선 차단효과를 측정한 결과 장파장대 (UVA 320∼400 nm)의 경우 에틸아세테이트 분획물(151.4)에서 가장 높게 측정되었다. 한편, 메탄올 분획물의 항산화 활성을 검토한 결과 에틸아세테이트 분획물의 항산화 홀성 (IC_(50) : 6.0 μg)이 가장 높았으며, 그 다음이 부탄올 분획물((IC_(50) : 14.0 μg)로 나타났다. The objective of this study was carried out to investigate nutritional characteristics and biological activities effects of Korean leaf of Rosa davurica Pall, in vitro. They were extracted with methanol and then further fractionated to n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl-acetate, n-butanol and water from methanol extracts. Methods of the antigenotoxic used in this experiment were UVA/UVB absorption property and DPPH radical scavenge. The proximate compositions of leaves of Rosa dauvrica Pall were 67.5% of crude Moisture, 0.7% of crude fat, 6.8% of crude protein, 6.1% of crude ash, and 20.8% of crude fiber. The major minerals were K (1637.2 mg%), Ca (219.5 mg%), and Mg(135.1 mg%). Most of the fractions of methanol extract which leaves of Rosa dauvrica Pall, have strong absorbency at UVB region (308 nm) and UVA region (350 nm). These fractions have a good absorbency property as synthetic filter and could be served as substitutes for synthetic UV sunscreen agents. All fractions (n-hexane, ethyl-acetate, n-butanol and water) from methanol extracts except chloroform fraction exhibited DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC_(50) of 35.3, 6.0, 14.0, and 18.0 μg/mL.

가시오갈피 열매 추출물의 항돌연변이원성 및 세포독성 효과

전윤영,최승필,이효진,문선영,이득식,함승시 한국식품저장유통학회 ( 구 한국농산물저장유통학회 ) 2003 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.10 No.3

가시오갈피(Eleutherococcus senticous Maxim) 열매의 에탄올 추출물 및 분획물의 항돌연변이성 및 항암활성을 규명하였다. 항돌연별이원성 실험결과에서는 직접변이원인 MNNG, 4NQO 그리고 간접변이원인 B(α)P, Trp=P-1에 대해서 농도의존적인 돌연변이 억제활성을 나타내었다. MNNG (0.4㎍/plate)의 경우 S. typhimurium TA100 균주에서는 시료농도 200㎍/plate에서 클로로포름 분획물을 제외한 모든 분획물들에서 90%이상의 높은 억제효과를 나타내었다. 4NQO(0.15㎍/plate)에 대한 S. typhimurium TA98 균주의 경우 물 분획물의 경우 88.3%, TA100 균주에서는 에틸 아세테이트 분획물이 84.4%의 억제효과를 보였다. 간접변이원의 경우 B(α)P(10㎍/plate)에선느 에탄올 추출물과 핵산 분획물은 시료농도 200㎍/plate에서 각각 96.1%와 97.5%로 가장 높은 억제효과를 나타내었다. 그리고 Trp-P-1(0.15㎍/plate)에서는 TA100 균주의 경우 200㎍/plate 농도에서 에탄올 추출물과 물 분획물이 각각 95.5%와 90%로 높은 억제율을 보여주었고, TA98 균주에 대해서는 에틸아세티에트 분획물이 88.3%로 비교적 높은 억제효과를 나타내었다. 인간의 암세포인 폐암세포(A549), 위암세포(AGS), 간암세포(Hep3B), 유방암세포(MCF-7)에 대한 세포독성 억제 효과를 검토한 결과 모든 암세포에서 각분획물들은 1㎎/mL 농도에서 60% 이상의 비교적 높은 암세포 성장 효과를 나타내었다. 특히 MCF-7에서 높은 암세포 성장억제 효과를 나타내었는데 핵산 분획물(1㎎/mL)에서 92.7%의 높은 암세포 성장 억제 효과를 나타내었고 Hep3B에서는 부탄을 분획물(1㎎/mL)에서 82%의 비교적 높은 성장 억제효과를 나타내었다. This study was carried out to investigate the antimutagenic and cytotoxic effects of Eleutherococcus senticosus Maxim fruits ethanol extract on Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA 100 and cancer cell lines using Ames test and SRB assay, respectively. They were extracted with ethanol and then fractionated with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water to get active fractions. In the Ames test, most of the extract had strong antimutagenic effects against the mutagenesis induced by MNNG, 4NQO, B(α)P Trp-P-1. The ethanol extract (200 ㎍/plate) of Eleutherococcus senticosus fruits showed 87.2% inhibitory effect on the mutagenesis induced by MNNG against TA100. And also, The suppression ratio against B(α)P and AGS, MCF-7, Hep3B), the value value of inhibition were mostly above 60% for each fraction (1 ㎎/mL). Hexane fraction (1 ㎎/mL) against showed the strongest cytotoxic effects of 92.7% compared to those of other fraction and butano fraetion against Hep3B was relatively high growth inhibitory effect of 82%.

한국산 생열귀나무 (Rosa davurica Pall.) 잎의 생리활성 기능 검색에 관한 연구

김준범,최승필,이득식,함승시 한국식품저장유통학회 ( 구 한국농산물저장유통학회 ) 2004 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.11 No.1

생열귀나무의 잎을 시료로 생리활성 기능을 검색하기 위해 메탄올, 에탄올, 클로르포름 및 물 추출물을 조제 하였다. 얻어진 추출물에 대하여 DPPH 자유라디칼 소거법에 의한 항산화성 효과와 S. thphimurium TA98과 TA100을 이용한 항돌연변이원성 효과를 검토하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 생열귀나무 잎의 용매별 추출수율은 물 추출물이 24.8%로 가장 높았으며, 그 다음으로는 메탄올 추출물 (21.3%), 에탄올 추출물 (17.0%) 및 클로로포름 추출물 (5.6%) 순으로 높은 수율을 나타내었다. 생열귀나무 잎의 각 추출물의 수소전자공여능 IC_(50)(Inhibition comcentration)을 측정한 결과 물, 메탄올, 에탄올 추출물의 경우 대조구인 butyl-hydroxytoluence, 비타민 C, 알파토코페놀과 유사하게 나타나 항산화 억제효과가 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 생열귀나무 잎의 메탄올 추출물의 항돌연변이 효과는 TA98 균주에 대하여 세 종류의 변이원 물질 모두 농도 증가에 따라 억제율이 증가함을 나타내었으며, 생열귀나무 잎의 클로르포름 추출물 결과는 TA98균주에 대하여 3가지 변이원 물질 모두 농도 증가에 따라 억제율이 증가함을 나타내었다. 생열귀나무 잎의 에탄올 추출물의 경우 TA98 균주에 대하여 200 μg/plate의 농도를 첨가하였을 때 B(α)P에 대해 79.8%의 억제율로 가장 높은 수치를 나타내었고, 생열귀나무 잎의 물 추출물은 TA98 균주에 대하여 200 μg/plate의 농도 첨가에서 B(α)P에 대해 67.2%의 억제율을 보였다. The objective of this study was carried out to investigate biological activities effects of Korean leaf from Rosa davurica Pall, in vitro. They were extracted with methanol, ethanol, chloroform and water. Methods of the antimutagenic used in this experiment were well-known bacterial short term tests which include Ames test and the antigenotoxic used in this experiment was DPPH radical scavenge. All extracts (ethanol, methanol, water) except chloroform extract exhibited 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity with IC_(50) of 11.5 μg/mL, 6.4 μg/mL, 4.8 μg/mL. In Ames test, most of extracts had strong antimutagenic effects against the mutagenesis induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), 3-amino-1, 4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol(Trp-P-1) and benzo(α)pyrene(b(α)P). The extracts of leaves (200 μg/plate) showed approximately 60~80% inhibitory effect on the mutagenesis induced by 4NQO, Trp-P-1 and B(α)P against TA98 strain, whereas 60~80% inhibition were observed on the mutagenesis induced by MNNG, 4NQO, Trp-P-1 and B(α)P against TA100 strain, respectively.

다시마 분말을 첨가한 막장 에탄올 추출물의 항돌연변이원성 및 세포독성 효과

최승필,조미애,전윤영,이득식,함승시 동아시아식생활학회 2002 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.12 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate antimutagenic and cytotoxic effects of Korean traditional Mackjang added with sea tangle powder. The content percentage of most of minerals among general composition increased by adding sea tangle powder. By the Ames test, the antimutagenic effect of ethanol extract of Korean traditional Mackjang added with 5% sea tangle powder was strongest, exceeding the control, 10% and 15% sea tangle additions. The ethanol extract (400 ㎍/plate) of Mackjang added with 5% sea tangle powder in the S. typhimurium TA100 strain showed inhibition rate of 95.0% against the mutagencsis induced by MNNG. The inhibition rate of ethanol extract (400 ㎍/plate) of Mackjang added with 5% sea tangle powder in the S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains was 81.4% and 88,8%, respectively, against the mutagencsis induced by 4NQO. Cinder the same conditions, the suppression against B(a)P and Trp-P-1 in the TA98 and TA100 strains were 85.3% and 91.0%, and 96.5% and 92.0%. respectively. For the anticancer effects, an investigation was done on the cytotoxicity of Mackjang added with 5% sea tangle powder on the cell lines with human lung carcinoma (A549), human hepatoeellular carcinoma (HepG2), and human gastric carcinoma (KATOIII). The cytotoxicities were inhibited with increasing the extract concentration. The treatment of 1.0 ㎎/mL Mackjang added with 5% sea tangle powder showed relatively strong cytotoxicity of 61.2%, 61.8% and 66.8% against A549, KATOIII, and HepG2, respectively.

감자식초의 항돌연변이원성 및 세포독성 효과

함승시,김미남,정용진,이득식 동아시아식생활학회 2001 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.11 No.1

This study was performed to examine the antimutagenic and cytotoxic effects of potato vinegar and commercial vinegars(cider, brown rice, persimmon vinegars) on Salmonella typhimurium TA98. TA100 and cancer cell lines using Ames test and cytotoxicity assay, respectively. In Ames test, all vinegars did not exhibit any mutagenicity, but showed substantial inhibitory effects against N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosog-uanidine(MNNG), 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide(4NQO), 3-amino-1.4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b] indol(Trp-P-1) and benzo(a)pyrene(B(a)P). The number of revertants per plate decreased significantly when these vinegars(80㎍/plate) were added to the assay system using TA100 strain. Especially, potato vinegar(80㎍/plate) showed high inhibition rate of 69.9% against mutagenicity of B(a)P on TA100 strain. In the cytotoxicity assay, these vinegars also showed prominent cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines. Potato vinegar(10㎍/showed the strongest cytotoxic effect against HT1080 (fibrosacoma cell) and K562 (myelogenous leukemia) at the same concentration when compared with other vinegars.

Quality Characteristics of Low-Salt Myungran Jeotkal Fermented by Vegetable-Origin Lactic Acid Bacteria and Salt from Deep Sea Water

Lee, Deuk-Sik The Korean Society of Food and Nutrition 2016 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.29 No.2

In this study, the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of low-salt Myungran jeotkal (Alaskan pollock roe) were evaluated after fermentation at $4^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$ with or without the addition of deep sea water, salt from deep sea water, and vegetable-origin lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus fermentum JS, LBF). When fermented at $20^{\circ}C$, the addition of LBF to Myungran jeotkal resulted in a slow increase in lactic acid content, followed by an abrupt increase after five days of fermentation. However, when fermented at $4^{\circ}C$, the lactic acid content did not change significantly. Further, when Myungran jeotkal fermented at $4^{\circ}C$, the pH decreased as lactic acid production increased. The salinity of Myungran jeotkal fermented at $4^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$ was 7% and was not affected by fermentation period. When fermented at $20^{\circ}C$, volatile basic nitrogen and amino nitrogen contents increased with increasing duration of fermentation. Further, volatile acid content decreased, however, the content of amino nitrogen increased after 11 days of fermentation with LBF and no salt effects were observed. When fermented at $20^{\circ}C$ for 13 days, preference (sensory evaluation) was the highest in all experimental groups after 9 days of fermentation, and then decreased as the fermentation period increased. The free amino acid content was highest (1,648.8 mg/100 g) in Myungran jeotkal when sun-dried salt and LBF were added, 2.3 times higher than in the control.

Development of Medi-Food for the Elderly Using Probiotics

Deuk-Sik Lee 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2021 No.10

Korea has 15.7% of the elderly population as of 2020, and is expected to reach 40% by 2050. Since the elderly population is accompanied by physical and mental degeneration and impairment, the increase in the elderly population increases the social and economic cost of management. Therefore, for the development of excellent aging-friendly food, along with the current standards, it is necessary to present Medi-food that can suppress/improve degeneration and damage due to aging. The major diseases that cause death among the elderly in Korea include cancer, heart disease, pneumonia, cerebrovascular disease, and diabetes. In addition, although it is not a fatal disease, major diseases that reduce the quality of life include dementia, oral disease, constipation, and osteoporosis. Some of the diseases mentioned above can be suppressed/improved of degeneration and damage through regular intake of fermented foods and probiotics. Most fermented foods use microorganisms to reduce their molecular weight, so their suitability as an age-friendly food is very high. In addition, it can show various functions depending on the microorganism and substrate, and both have the advantage that there are no side effects in most cases when GRAS grade is used. Among probiotics, lactic acid bacteria basically inhibit harmful bacteria in the intestine, help bowel movements, improve constipation, and often have additional functionality depending on the strain. L. sakei (MBELL0138) strain isolated from Korean Angelica kimchi and L. fermentum (LS-21) isolated from fermented soybeans have hypoglycemic properties and are helpful in diabetes. In addition, the L. acidophilus (LS-803) strain isolated from coffee cherries suppresses harmful bacteria in the oral cavity, and helps improve oral conditions and pneumonia caused by harmful oral bacteria. Red ginseng fermented with L. fermentum (LS-21) strain isolated from fermented soybean reduces beta-amyloid protein, thereby suppressing the development of dementia and the progression of dementia. When okara is fermented, it converts isoflavones into non-glycosides to increase absorption and helps osteoporosis. The immune enhancing effect of Cirsium setidens Nakai (Gondrae) fermented with 5 types of microorganisms isolated from traditional fermented foods (W. cibaria LS-33, L. plantarum LS-65, L. fermentum LS-501, L. plantarum LS-502, and S. cerevisiae LS-107) was confirmed. In addition, in the case of postbiotics produced using 12 kinds of microorganisms isolated from traditional fermented foods, it can be seen that there is an immunomodulatory effect.