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스타이렌 아이오노머의 기계적인 성질에 미치는 혼합 양이온의 영향
김희석,나연화,이용혁,이법원,유지강,박기주,김준섭 조선대학교 생산기술연구소 1998 生産技術硏究 Vol.20 No.1
The styrene-co-methacrylate ionomers neutralized with Na +, Ba2 +, and mixed cation of both were prepared. The dynamic mechanical properties of two cation-containing ionomers were measured and compared to those of the ionomers neutralized with only one type of cations. We found that in the ionomers with one type of cations the difference in the type of cation does not change the glass transition temperatures. It was found, however, that the cluster Tg of the mixed cation ionomer is lower than that of the single cation ionomers. Thus it was postulated that in the two-cation system the two cations in a solution have sufficient dynamics to form new type of multiplet containing both cations, which may be slightly bigger than that found in the single cation multiplet. The mechanical properties also imply that the strength of ion interactions in the multiplets of the two cation ionomer is thought to be weaker than that of the one cation ionomers. These two effects are believed to contribute the lower in the cluster glass transition of mixed cation system.
포타슘 술포네이트 폴리스타이렌 아이오노머의 기계적인 성질에 미치는 Crown ether의 영향
나연화,조규성,이법원,김준섭,유지강,박기주 조선대학교 생산기술연구소 1999 生産技術硏究 Vol.21 No.1
The effects of crown ether on the dynamic mechanical properties of potassium sulfonated polystyrene ionomer were investigated. As expected, it was found that when crown ether molecules were added to the ionomer, the crown ether molecules interacted with K^(+) cations and weakened the ionic interaction between K^(+)/sulfonate ion pairs of the ionomer significantly. Thus, no multiplets were present, and, in turn, no clustering was found. When the ether was added to interact with 50% of K^(+) cations, weak clustering was observed: the clustering was slightly stronger than that of a 50% neutralized ionomer. From this result, it was speculated that in the 50% neutralized sample H^(+) ⇔ K^(+) cation exchange occurs rapidly between -SO₃H and -S0₃K groups in multiplets. which weakens ionic interactions. In the 50% crown ether-added sample, however, -S0₃- group, instead of -S0₃H, is present, and thus no cation exchange is expected to occur.
불균형 이진 트리를 이용한 DCT 기반 벡터 양자화 코드북 설계
이경환,김덕규,이법기,최정현,정태연 경북대학교 전자기술연구소 1997 電子技術硏究誌 Vol.18 No.1
The performance of VQ mostly depends on codebook design method. LBG algorithm is a well known codebook design method. But it is dorminated by initial codebook and has a long computation time. The method of DCT-based design using binary tree was proposed for reducing computation time. However, degradations appear in the edge region of reconstructed image since the blocks of shade region are frequently selected for codevector. In this paper, we propose DCT-based vector quantization codebook design using unbalanced binary tree. As node prunings of shade region are constrained, the number of edge codevector is increased. From simulation results, this method sincerely reconstructs edge region with higher PSNR.
변혁적 리더십과 팔로워십이 조직구성원의 성과에 미치는 영향
이도화(Lee, Do-Hwa),강기형(Kang, Ki-Hyung),이종법(Lee, Jong-Bub) 한국인적자원관리학회 2009 인적자원관리연구 Vol.16 No.S
리더십이 조직성과에 미치는 영향이 크지만 대부분의 조직성과는 리더십이 아닌 팔로워십에 의해 결정된다고 한다. 이런 관점에서 이 연구는 변혁적 리더십과 팔로워십이 함께 근로자의 성과에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 파악하고자 한다. 구체적으로 이 연구의 목적은 팔로워십이 변혁적 리더십과 개인성과 사이의 관계에서 조절효과 변수로 작용하는지 아니면 매개효과 변수로 작용하는지를 밝히는 것이다. 이를 위해 8개 회사 및 기관의 직원 195명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하고 회귀분석방법으로 자료를 분석한 결과, 변혁적 리더십과 개인성과(직무만족, 조직몰입, 조직시민행위, 혁신행위) 사이의 관계에서 팔로워십의 조절효과는 전혀 없었으며, 대신 통계적으로 유의한 매개효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 지금까지 하나의 연구에서 변혁적 리더십과 조직성과 사이의 관계에서 팔로워십이 조절효과를 가지는지 아니면 매개효과를 가지는지를 동시에 검증한 연구는 없었다. 본 연구가 이 두 가지 효과를 동시에 검증한 결과 매개효과가 있음을 검증한 것은 학문적으로 의미 있는 시도였다고 생각된다. 그리고 이 연구의 한계점과 향후 연구방향에 대한 논의를 결론부분에 제시하였다. Although leadership has significant effect on the performance of an organization, most of that performance is said to be determined not by leadership but by followership. On that note, this study investigates what kind of effects both transformational leadership and followership have on individual performance. Specifically, the purpose of this study is to determine whether followership acts as a moderator or a mediator in the relationship between transformational leadership and individual performance(i.e., job satisfaction, organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behavior, innovative behavior). For this purpose, a survey was conducted upon a total of 195 employees from 8 companies and institutions. The results of the regression analysis show that followership has mediation effects between transformational leadership and individual performance rather than moderation effects. There has been no study so far to investigate whether followership has a moderating or mediating effect in the relationship between transformational leadership and performance in a single study. I think it was an academically meaningful attempt to have come to a conclusion that there exists a mediation effect, when both moderation and mediation effects were simultaneously examined. The limitations of this research and future research direction have been presented in the conclusion.
중등학교 에너지 보존 실험의 검증 및 새로운 실험 방법의 고안
서종식,기대연,이상법 慶北大學校 師範大學 科學敎育硏究所 1999 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.23 No.-
We examined experiments for kinetic energy conservation in the high school textbook of Physics I and Physics II for the 6th National Science Curriculum and designed a new kit which enables to reduce experimental errors. Most experiments in the existing textbooks deal with the energy conservation for gravitational potential energy transforming to kinetic energy of the same object. We carried out the most commonly used two experiments and found that the experimental errors exceed more than 10~20 percent if carried out without carefulness. This may possibly make students suspect the mechanical energy conservation law. Our new kit, on the other hand, exhibits that the mechanical energy conserves with an error of less than 6% even in the process of transferring the elastic potential energy of one object to the kinetic energy of an another object.
움직임벡터의 상관성을 이용한 반화소단위 움직임 추정 기법
이법기,이경환,최정현,김덕규,Lee, Bub-Ki,Lee, Kyeong-Hwan,Choi, Jung-Hyun,Kim, Duk-Gyoo 대한전자공학회 1998 電子工學會論文誌, S Vol.s35 No.6
본 논문에서는 인접블럭의 화소단위 움직임벡터와 반화소단위 움직임벡터 사이의 통계적인 특성과 반화소단위 움직임벡터의 공간적 상관성을 이용하여 새로운 반화소단위 움직임벡터 추정 기법들을 제안하였다. 즉, 화소단위 움직임벡터가 같은 인접블럭과는 반화소단위 움직임벡터도 같을 확률이 높다는 사실과 반화소위치들 간에도 서로 인접된 반화소위치간에는 높은 상관성을 지니고 있음을 실험을 통해 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 성질을 이용한 제안한 방법들은 모의실험 결과 기존의 방법에 비해 아주 미약한 PSNR감소를 보이는 대신 비트 율 및 계산량을 효과적으로 줄일 수 있음을 보여주었다. In this paper, we proposed two new methods of half-pel accuracy motion estimation using spatial correlation of half-pel accuracy motion vectors and stochastic characteristics between pixel accuracy motion vectors and half-pel accuracy motion vectors. We confirmed two facts : One is that the probability of having same half-pel accuracy motion vectors with neighboring blocks is high when having same pixel accuracy motion vectors. And the other is that there is high correlation between neighboring half-pel positions. These new half-pel motion estimation technique are shown to decrease the bit rates for vector coding and computational complexity with similar PSNR.
이경환,최정현,이법기,정원식,김경규,김덕규,Lee, Kyeong-Hwan,Choi, Jung-Hyun,Lee, Bub-Ki,Cheong, Won-Sik,Kim, Kyoung-Kyoo,Kim, Duk-Gyoo 대한전자공학회 1999 電子工學會論文誌, S Vol.s36 No.11
In vector quantization (VQ), mean squared error (MSE) is widely used as a distance measure between vectors. But the distance between averages appears as a dominant quantity in MSE. In the case of image vectors, the coincidence of edge pattern is also important considering human visual system (HVS). Therefore, this paper presents a new distance measure using the variance of difference (VD) as a criterion for the coincidence of edge pattern. By using this in the VQ encoding, we can reduce the degradation of edge region in the reconstructed image. And applying this to the codebook design, we can obtain the final codebook that has a lot of various edge codevectors instead of redundant shade ones. 벡터양자화에서 거리계산법으로 주로 평균자승오차가 사용된다. 그러나 이를 이용하면 벡터들의 평균값 사이의 거리가 전체거리를 크게 좌우한다. 영상벡터일 경우 인간시각체계로 볼 때 에지패턴의 일치가 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 벡터간의 에지패턴의 일치를 가늠하는 양으로 편차분산을 이용하고, 이것을 적용한 영상벡터에 맞는 거리계산법을 제안하였다. 이를 벡터양자화 부호화에 적용한 결과 복원영상의 에지부분 열화를 줄일 수 있었으며, 코드북 설계에 적용한 결과 중복된 평탄성분의 코드벡터 생성을 줄이고 다양한 에지성분의 코드벡터들을 가진 효율적인 코드북을 얻으므로써 부호화 성능이 향상됨을 볼 수 있었다.