뇌실외 배액술 관리에 대한 이해 및 업무수행 실태

김정숙,윤미선,송소이,이지은,문경선,고지운,임분남,김경희,박경숙 중앙대학교 간호과학연구소 2001 중앙간호논문집 Vol.5 No.2

The objective of this study was to investigate the managing realities of EVD and provide a descriptive survey with the attempt to obtain basic data needed for the standardization of EVD management. For that purpose, 220 questionnaire copies were distributed to those nurses who were working with intensive care units at university hospitals, general hospitals, semi-general hospitals in Seoul, Kyongki-de and local areas. Of 158 returned questionnaire copies, 139 were used for analysis. Data were collected during the term of academic seminars of Neurosurgery Nursing Committee and KICA (Korea Intensive Care Association), ranging from Oct. 26 through 27. 2000. The tools utilized a structured questionnaire form consisting of 21 questions on general characteristics, the level of understanding, the level of work performance, standard management guidelines, etc. The data collected were analysed with frequency, percentage, mean vague, chi -square test using the SPSS 10.0 program Findings were revealed, as follows: For managing the prevention of EVD infection, aseptic technique was found to be of the most importance (48.9%),'the technique should be carried out at an operation room'(92.8%), but it was actually performed at intensive care units (over 51.5%). 'The term of antibiotics use should be less than 7 days' (81.8%), while it was actually executed for less than 7 days (49.5%). 'The proper time of quittance from it should be within less than 7 days'(74.1%) but actual quittance was executed only by 51.1%. 'Set exchange is needed' by 54.0% but actual exchange was implemented merely by 28.1%. 'The subject of management should be nurses' was reflected by 40% but actually 52.0% were carried out. As a result of hating analysed the understanding of the management of EVD by general characteristics, a significant difference was found in the necessity for set exchange by hospitals, in the time of quittance of a catheter, and in ablution items by work experience. The result of hating analysed the work performance levels of EVD management by general characteristics revealed that a significant difference in administration facilities of medicine by the classification of hospitals, especially the use of antibiotics and the quitting time of a catheter by the classification of intensive care units, and in the use of antibiotics and ablution items by the standard management guidelines.

인터넷 광고효과의 측정 방법

高景淳 부산 외국어 대학교 1999 外大論叢 Vol.19 No.3

Internet advertising is effective and efficient in establishing an adverising plan because it can collect and analyse the measurements gathering from both server site system and meassurement solution for audiences. In measuring internet advertising effects, one of the traditional methods, the hierarchy of marketing communuication deffects, can be applied. However, because of distinctive characteristic of the medium of adverisement, there is current tendency to measure by analyzing two different effects; exposure effects and interactive effects. In spite of internet advertising effectiveness, there are several problems to be solved: 1) terminological and technical standardization in measuring internet advertising effects is not well established, 2) there are legal obstacles in measuring internet advertising effects, and 3) there may be measurement errors depending on measurement methods. An advertiser should use different approaches in selecting a hierarchy of marketing communication effects depending on two different objectives; obtaining exposure effects and/or obtaining interactive effects. For example, a marketer needs to recognize that a large enterprise, which is using banner advertisement as a supplementary means of IMC(integrated marketing communications), may expect to raise awareness level of existing brand before raising click-through rates as a home-page. He or she also needs to be aware that a medium/small-sized enterprise tends to put more emphasis on purchasing response (transaction). Web measurement providers must try to obtain advertiser's trust by standardizing measurement methods and improving techniques that can satisfy advertiser's expectations. This study is designed to develop terminological and technical standardization in measuring internet advertising effects. However, this paper has a limitation. This paper does not suggest specific alternatives, because it relies on review of literature that is not verified through experimental analysis and valid testing procedure. Despite the fact that this study does not suggest creative models, this study may be helpful for further studies by providing related information on this topic and by pinpointing foci of discussion. At the same time, the facts found from this study may also be helpful for internet marketing planners by providng valuable suggestions on levels of strategy and management.

통합 CRM에서의 개인화 설계

高景淳 부산외국어대학교 국제통상연구소 2001 國際經營論集 Vol.16 No.-

This paper studied on the customer relationship management(CRM) focused on personalization systems through literature review and some case studies in the Korean firms. The critical findings are as follows. 1.The core CRM process competencies are cross-selling and up-selling, direct marketing and fulfillment, customer service and support, store front and field service, and retention management. 2.Personalization can be a powerful tool for customer acquisition and support. On the other hand, the widespread adoption of personalization may create loyal customers who are not subject to the temptations of other suppliers. 3.It is desirable that business managers adopt the integrated CRM architectures including eCRM and mCRM in order to increase efficiency and effectiveness of management. 4.Personalization design in the integrated CRM rely on customization of personal needs and wants. Therefore, it is necessary to build up the foundation of Internet and mobile communication infrastructures and to have employees learn about knowledge and skills of IT before formulating of its system. 5.A designer of personalization systems pay regard to formulate customer-centric organization and strategic personalization solutions because it focus on establishing of enterprise-level objectives rather than its partial functions. Otherwise, the systems call for comprehensive linkage including ERP, PRM, IMC, UMS, and so on which are other innovation tools of business process. 6.Personalization in the integrated CRM system focus on life time values of customers in order to retain with customer relationship. Accordingly, planning of it regard to collaborative filtering system, which is a leading approach when the product space is complicated and consumer's preferences are highly subjective, qualitative, and complex. 7.Personal customization can be certainly realized through cyber coordination in the collaborative filtering system.

海外媒體의 戰略的 企劃過程

高景淳 釜山外國語大學校國際通商硏究所 1997 國際經營論集 Vol.12 No.-

임신여성을 제외한 성인에서의 B군 연쇄구균 감염에 관한 임상적 고찰

고경식,권선희,안우석,이원욱,김구엽,서환조 대한감염학회 1995 감염 Vol.27 No.4

목적:B군 연쇄구균은 최근 보고에 의하면 만성 기저질환(당뇨병, 악성종양등)이 있는 성인에서 감염빈도 및 사망률, 이환율이 증가하고 있는 추세이며 그 중요성이 대두되고 있다. 이에 저자들은 B군 연쇄구균 감염의 임상양상, 기저질환(위험인자)을 알아보고, B군 연쇄구균 항균제 감수성등을 규명하고자 하였다. 방법:1986년 1월부터 1993년 12월까지 경희대학교 부속병원에서 B군 연쇄구균이 배양된 274예를 대상으로 의무기록지를 검토하였다. 결과: 1) 전체 연구대상은 274예로 98예(35.8%)가 남자였고, 176예(64.2%)가 여자였다. 이들의 연령분포를 보면 신생아군에서 감염이 많이 발생하였다 이후 감소추세를 보이다가 20대 이상에서 다시 증가 하는 추세를 보였다. 2) 감염 양상은 274명중 명확한 감염이 156명(56.9%), 추정감염이 55명(20.1%), 비감염이 63명(23.0%)이었다. 임신을 제외한 18세 이상의 성인은 231명으로 남자가 83명, 여자가 148명이었고 남여 비율은 1:1.78이었다. 이중 133예(57.6%)에서 명확한 감염이었고, 46명(19.9%)에서 추정 감염, 52명(22.5%)에서 비감염이었다. 명확한 감염환자 133명중 31명(23.3%)이 병원내 감염이였다. 3) 18세 이상의 성인 231명에서 Group B Streptococcus가 분리 동정된 감염 부위는 자궁 경부 77예(33.3%), 요 73예(31.6%), 객담및 상기도 39예(16.9%), 농 24예(10.4%)등이었다. 4) 명확한 감염을 가지고 있었던 성인 133명의 임상양상은 요로 감염 37명(28%), 자궁 경부염 37명(28%), 피부, 연조직 감염 23명(17%), 폐렴 10명(8%), 패혈증 8명(6%)등이었다. 5) 명확한 감염을 가지고 있었던 성인 133명중 92명(69%)에서 한가지 이상의 만성 기저질환이 있었으며, 이중 당뇨병 32%, 뇌 혈관 질환 21%, 고혈압 19%, 신부전 12%, 악성종양 5%등을 차지하였다. 6) 항균제 감수성 검사(251예)에서 penicillin 98.4%, cephalothin 99.6%, cefamandol 98.8%, erythromycin 96.0%, clindamycin 89.4%, oxacillin 88.8%, lincomycin 87.8%, methicillin 86.8%, minocycline 49.4%, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 15.5%의 감수성을 보였다. 7) 명확한 성인 감염 133명중 6명(4.5%)이 사망하였다. 결론:B군 연쇄구균은 만성 기저질환이 있는 성인에서 감염 빈도가 높고, 치명적인 결과를 초래할수 있으므로 감염 예방 및 조기 발견, 적절한 항균제 감수성 검사에 따라 조기 치료로 사망률을 줄여야 할것으로 생각된다. Background: Several reports have suggested that the incidence of diseases caused by Group B streptococcus is increasing in nonpregnant adults, particularly those with serious underlying diseases. The objectives of this study were to define the clinical manifestations, underlying conditions(risk factors) of definite group B streptococcal diseases in nonpregnant adults and to obtain antimicrobial sensitivity of these infections. Methods: We analyzed the records of 274 cases of the Group B streptococcus isolated in Kyung-Hee University hospital between 1986 and 1993. Results: 1) Total Group B streptococcal isolates were 274 cases : Of these cases, 7 percent were 1 month of age or younger, 3 percent were older than 1 month but younger than 18 years of age, and 91 percent were 18 or older. 2) Men and nonpregnant women accounted for 87 percent (n=231) : 133 cases (57.6%) with definite infection, 46 cases(19.9%) with possible infection, and 52 cases(22.5%) with no infection. 31 cases of 133 (23.3%) nonpregnant adult with definite infection apeared to have acquired the disease nosocomially. 3) In the 133 nonpregnant adult patients, the most common clinical diagnosis were urinary tract infection(28%), and cervicitis(28%). 4) In the 133 nonpregnant adult patients, the underlying diseases or conditions were diabetes mellitus(32%), cerebrovascular accident(21%), hypertension(19%), renal failure(12%), and malignant neoplasm(5%), Sixty-nine percent of the cases had one or more underlying diseases. 5) In the antimicrobial sensitivity tests, 98.4% of isolates were sensitive to penicillin, 99.6% to cephalothin, 98,8% to cefamandol, 96.0% to erythromycin, 89.4% to clindamycin, and 49.4% to minocycline. 6) The case mortality rate was 4.5%(6 of 133). Conclusion:We found group B streptococcal infection to be a significant and apparently increasing cause of definite diseases in nonprognant adults, particularly in those with serious underlying diseases. Recognizing these infections early in the groups with serious underlying diseases will be helpful in lowering mortality.

한국 중소기업의 e-Trade 마케팅 실태 분석

高景淳 부산 외국어 대학교 2002 外大論叢 Vol.25-2 No.-

This article studied on an empirical analysis synthetically on e-trade reality in the Korean small firms. In order to clarify the relationship between the Internet utilization of the Korean small export firms for export marketing and it s performance. This research hypotheses have been examined through gathering survey data and a statistical analysis based on MANOVA. The critical findings are in substance as follows. 1. The conclusion, as well as the main point of this thesis, is that, in most cases, there was a significant statistical connection between the variables of export outcomes and Internet-utilized trade marketing strategies, which are both based on the classical ADA model of effective hierachy of communication for sales and advertising. This conclusion brings forth a substantial topic as well as provides meaningful implications for the Korean small export firms when putting together a marketing strategy using the Internet. It is also hoped that this will come as a reference for other researchers henceforth. 2. The sufficient expansion of technical infrastructure and active training for specialists are required for the related marketers to promote cyber export outcomes. 3. In order to both the representative and fitness levels of data of further research for this topic, future respondents will have to have special trade knowledge, as well as technical knowledge of e-trade. Although not used in examining the hypotheses of this particular thesis, the relationship between competitive and circumstantial variables, which were added to the upcoming survey, and export outcomes will soon be analyzed and announced in order to atone for some of the standards this thesis fell short of.

대학생의 여가생활 유형과 레포츠용품 구매시 상점선택 동기에 관한 실증분석

高景淳,朴汶奎 釜山外國語大學校貿易經營硏究所 1992 貿易經營論集 Vol.8 No.-

병원성 칸디다 혈증에 관한 임상적 고찰

고경식,권선희,김병준,김구엽,서환조 대한감염학회 1995 감염 Vol.27 No.5

목 적 : 최근 칸디다혈증의 발생율이 매우 증가하여 병원 감염의 중요한 원인으로 대두되고 있다. 이에 저자등은 칸디다혈증에 대한 임상적 특성을 알아보기위하여 다음과 같이 연구하였다. 방 법 : 1988년 1월부터 1993년 12월까지 경희대학부속병원에서 발생하였던 병원성 칸디다혈증 61예를 대상으로 의무기록지를 검토하였다. 결 과 : 1) 연도별 발생 빈도는 1988년 부터 1933년까지 각각 2예, 7예, 9예, 11예, 15예, 17예로 증가하였으며, 최근에는 non-albicans 균주에 의한 감염이 증가하고 있었다. 2) 연령분포는 4-83세였으며 평균연령은 51.0±17.4세였고, 남자 32예, 여자 29예였다. 50대와 60대가 57.3%로 가장 많았다. 3) 균주별 발생빈도는 C. albicans 30예, C. tropicalis 13예, C. parapsilosis 10예, C. glabrata 6예, C. guilliermondii 1예, C. krusei 1예로서 C. albicans가 가장 많았다. 4) 기저질환으로 뇌혈관계질환이 25예(41%)로 가장 많았으며, 외과적질환 11예(18%), 고형악성종양 10예(16.4%), 혈액종양질환 9예(14.8%), 기타 내과적질환 6예(9.8%)였다. 5) 균주간 선행인자는 비슷하였으나, C. albicans와 C. tropicalis에서는 수술을 시행받은 예가 많았고, C. parapsilosis는 정주 영양 공급을 받은 경우가 많았다. 6) Amphotericin B 치료군(20예)과 fluconazole 치료군(11예) 사이에 예후에서 유의한 차이는 없었다. 7) 총 61예중 28예에서 사망하여 사망율은 45.9%였으며 정형외과적 수술을 시행받은 경우(83.3%)와 C. glabrata인 경우 사망율이 가장 높았다(83.3%). 결 론 : 칸디다 혈증은 중요한 병원 감염으로 대두되고 있으며 최근에는 non-albicans 진균주에 의한 병원성 칸디다 혈증의 발생율이 증가하는 추세이다. Background : The aim of this study is to determine the annual occurrence of nosocomial candidemia, the relation between Candida species and underlying illness, the relation bewteen Candida species and predisposing factors, and also to compare between the outcome of candidemia of the amphotericin B treatment group and that of the fluconazole treatment group. Methods : We reviewed medical records of 61 cases with nosocomial candidemia between 1988 and 1993 in Kyung Hee University Hospital retrospectively. Results : Two cases occurred in 1988, 7 in 1989, 9 in 1990, 11 in 1991, 15 in 1992, and 17 in 1993. The incidence of candidemia by non-albicans species has increased during this period and accounted for 64.7% in 1993. The infecting candida species were C. albicans(30 cases, 49.2%), C. tropicalis(13 cases, 21.3%), C. parapsilosis(10 cases, 16.4%), C. glabrata(6 cases, 9.8%), C. guilliermondii(1 case, 1.8%), and C. krusei(1 case, 1.8%). The most common underlying disease was cerebrovascular disease(41%) followed by surgical disease(18%), solid cancer(16.4%), hematological malignancies(14.8%), and other medical illness. There were no significant differences between the amphotericin B treatment group(n=20) and the fluconazole treatment group(n=11) in mortality. Overall mortality was 45.9%. The highest mortality was in patients with previous orthopaedic surgery(83.3%) and with C. glabrata candidemia(83.3%). Conclusion : Candidemia emerged as an important hospital infection and candidemia caused by non-albicans species has significantly increased in recent years.

국제마케팅에 있어서 종교의 영향에 관한 고찰: 이슬람교를 중심으로

高景淳 부산외국어대학교 국제통상연구소 2000 國際經營論集 Vol.15 No.-

This paper studied on implications to international marketing strategic planning of religion focused on Islam as one of many cultural factors. The critical findings are as follows. First, Religion tends to impact to consumer's life styles according to change of their attitude and value consciousness. Such a phenomena may affect to business and marketing activities of international marketers. For example, their business scheduling may be limitted by the local religious holidays and its events. Second, this study also found that consumption pattern of consumers is affected by religious norm including its dogma and taboos. For example, Muslim is obliged to fasting during day time except night time of the Ramadahn period on the ground of Islamic calendar. Third, Islamic dogmas have the salient points of differences from those of other religions in aspect of their austere life through so called 5 pillars and 6 creeds. For example, Muslims should pray 5 times every day looking at Mecca. They can't loan with high interest, and so on. This phenomena are very suggestive for international marketer who taken an active in marketing at this areas. Fourth, as stated above, Islam has standardized religious dogma, but the practical religious life style shows differences among some Islam countries. For example, Turkey commanding an absolute majority of the total population enjoys holidays on Saturday and Sunday just like western world. I think this phenomena suggest to international marketers not only standardization approach but also local adaptation approach in the Islam areas. This study is designed to develop terminological and technical guideline of international marketing in the Islam cultural markets. However, this study has a limitation. This study does not suggest specific alternatives, because it relies on review of literature that is not verified through empirical analysis by cross-cultural analytic methods. Despite the fact that this study may be helpful further studies by proving related information on this topic and pinpointing foci of discussion. At the same time, the facts found from this study may also be helpful for international marketing planners in the Islam countries by providing valuable implications on levels of strategy and tactics.

일 도농복합지역 저소득층 노인의 건강문제 분석 : 보건소 방문간호사업 대상자 중심으로

고일선,,이태화,이경자,이정렬,임미혜,천의영,주윤미,이계철 노인간호학회 2005 노인간호학회지 Vol.7 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the health problems of low-income aged with chronic illness living in urban-rural composite area. Method: The sample consisted of 440 aged who were receiving home care services from a public health center. MDS-HC was applied to analyze the health problems of the aged. Data were collected through a face- to-face interview by six trained interviewers from June 28 to July 15, 2004. Result: Subjects had average number of 8 health problems in both urban and rural area. Lack of preventive health care measure, pain, and visual function were the most frequent health problem. The rural aged had more pain, bowel management problems, compared to the urban aged having more urinary incontinence and indwelling catheter. There were many health problems related to falls and pressure ulcers with middle-old aged in urban, and old-old aged in rural area. Conclusion: The results of this study showed strategies for care intervention of low-income elderly to put in practice. Therefore, tailored-service for each subject should be provided.