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Pressure Levels in Cupping Therapy: A Systemic Review
Kim, Ku Weon,Lee, Tae Wook,Lee, Ha Lim,An, Soo Kwang,Park, Hyo Sung,Choi, Ji Won,Lee, Byung Ryul,Yang, Gi Young Korean AcupunctureMoxibustion Medicine Society 2020 대한침구의학회지 Vol.19 No.5
This is a systematic review of the clinical use of cupping therapy. Four domestic databases and 2 foreign databases were searched. Studies that reported the cupping pressure used during cupping therapy were included in this study. The types of cupping, cupping site, pressure, and duration of cupping were the main parameters analyzed. A total of 27 studies, including 24 experimental studies were analyzed. There were 12 constant negative pressure (domestic) studies with a range between 60 mmHg and 600 mmHg. There were 5 maximum negative pressure (domestic) studies and the maximum negative pressure was 620 mmHg. Three studies used a maximum negative pressure of 600 mmHg. There were 4 constant negative pressure (foreign) studies with a range between 75 mmHg to 750 mmHg. There were 3 maximum negative pressure (foreign) studies with a maximum pressure of 420 mmHg. The studies differed with regards to the materials used and the amount of pressure applied. Many studies had limited information and therefore generalizability of the results in this review is limited. Further experimental studies are required to establish the correlation between cupping pressure and treatment effects so that cupping therapy can be standardised.
Gold-Decorated Block Copolymer Microspheres with Controlled Surface Nanostructures
Kim, Minsoo P.,Kang, Dong Jin,Jung, Dae-Woong,Kannan, Aravindaraj G.,Kim, Ki-Hyun,Ku, Kang Hee,Jang, Se Gyu,Chae, Weon-Sik,Yi, Gi-Ra,Kim, Bumjoon J. American Chemical Society 2012 ACS NANO Vol.6 No.3
<P>Gold-decorated block copolymer microspheres (BCP-microspheres) displaying various surface morphologies were prepared by the infiltration of Au precursors into polystyrene-<I>b</I>-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-<I>b</I>-P4VP) microspheres. The microspheres were fabricated by emulsifying the PS-<I>b</I>-P4VP polymers in chloroform into a surfactant solution in water, followed by the evaporation of chloroform. The selective swelling of the P4VP domains in the microspheres by the Au precursor under acidic conditions resulted in the formation of Au-decorated BCP-microspheres with various surface nanostructures. As evidenced by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements, dotted surface patterns were formed when microspheres smaller than 800 nm were synthesized, whereas fingerprint-like surface patterns were observed with microspheres larger than 800 nm. Au nanoparticles (NPs) were located inside P4VP domains near the surfaces of the prepared microspheres, as confirmed by TEM. The optical properties of the BCP-microspheres were characterized using UV–vis absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence lifetime measurements. A maximum absorption peak was observed at approximately 580 nm, indicating that Au NPs are densely packed into P4VP domains on the microspheres. Our approach for creating Au-NP-hybrid BCP-microspheres can be extended to other NP systems such as iron-oxide or platinum NPs. These precursors can also be selectively incorporated into P4VP domains and induce the formation of hybrid BCP-microspheres with controlled surface nanostructures.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2012/ancac3.2012.6.issue-3/nn300194z/production/images/medium/nn-2012-00194z_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn300194z'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
김원욱(Kim Weon Ook),조용현(Cho Yong Hyun),김영일(Kim Young Il),강인구(Kang In Ku) 한국정보처리학회 1997 정보처리학회논문지 Vol.4 No.11
This paper proposes an efficient method for improving the training performance of the neural networks using a hybrid of conjugate gradient backpropagation algorithm and dynamic tunneling backpropagation algorithm. The conjugate gradient backpropagation algorithm, which is the fast gradient algorithm, is applied for high speed optimization. The dynamic tunneling backpropagation algorithm, which is the deteministic method with tunneling phenomenon, is applied for global optimization. Converging to the local minima by using the conjugate gradient backpropagation algorithm, the new initial point for escaping the local minima is estimated by dynamic tunneling backpropagation algorithm. The proposed method has been applied to the parity check and to pattern classfication. The simulation results show that the performance of proposed method is superior to those of gradient descent backpropagation algorithm and a hybrid of gradient descent and dynamic thunneling backpropagation algorithm, and the new algorithm converges more often to the global minima than gradient descent backpropagation algorithm.
Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer in endometrial cancer patients
Yoon, Sang Nam,Ku, Ja-Lok,Shin, Young-Kyoung,Kim, Kyung-Hee,Choi, Jin-Sung,Jang, Eun-Ja,Park, Hyoung-Chul,Kim, Duck-Woo,Kim, Min A.,Kim, Woo Ho,Lee, Taek Sang,Kim, Jae Weon,Park, Noh-Hyun,Song, Yong-S Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2008 International journal of cancer: Journal internati Vol.122 No.5
<P>Endometrial cancer is the second most common cancer in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). It has often been overlooked to explore the possibility of HNPCC in endometrial cancer patients. Our study was to investigate how many HNPCC patients existed among endometrial cancer patients. Among patients who underwent hysterectomy for endometrial cancer at Seoul National University Hospital from 1996 to 2004, 113 patients were included, whose family history and clinical data could be obtained and tumor specimens were available for microsatellite instability (MSI) testing and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6 proteins. There were 4 (3.5%) clinical HNPCC patients fulfilling the Amsterdam criteria II, and 2 (2/4, 50%) of them carried MSH2 germline mutations. There were also 8 (7.1%) suspected HNPCC (s-HNPCC) patients fulfilling the revised criteria for s-HNPCC, and one (1/8, 12.5%) of them revealed MLH1 germline mutation. In 101 patients, who were not clinical HNPCC or s-HNPCC, 11 patients showed both MSI-high and loss of expression of MLH1, MSH2 or MSH6 proteins, and 2 (2/11, 18.2%) of them showed MSH6 germline mutations. In 113 patients with endometrial cancer, we could find 5 (4.4%) HNPCC patients with MMR germline mutation and 2 (1.8%) clinical HNPCC patients without identified MMR gene mutation. Family history was critical in detecting 3 HNPCC patients with MMR germline mutation, and MSI testing with IHC staining for MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6 proteins was needed in the diagnosis of 2 HNPCC patients who were not clinical HNPCC or s-HNPCC, especially for MSH6 germline mutation. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>
Weon-Young Choi,Bon-Il Ku,Hong-Kyu Park,Min-Gyu Choi,Young-Jun Mo,Young-Doo Kim,Jae-Kwon Ko 한국작물학회 2008 한국작물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.10
This study was conducted to examine the appropriate transplanting date of the top-quality rice variety, Unkwangbyeo, in Honam plain area. The results obtained from 2006 to 2007 in Iksan are as follows. The number of panicle per m2 increased as the transplanting date became late and the number of grain per m2 was the highest in the plot of which the transplanting date was June 15. Percent ripened grain increased as the transplanting date became late until June 15, however, it decreased in the plot of which the transplanting date was June 30. Imperfect grain increased as the transplanting date became early due to the occurrence of immature rice and cracked rice. Protein content increased as the transplanting date became late, but didn't show statistical significance. Toyo texture increased as the transplanting date became late. Rice yield and the head rice yield increased as the transplanting date became late until June 15, however, they decreased in the plot of which the transplanting date was June 30. Even though the rice price was high in early transplanting cultivation, gross profit was the highest in June 15 transplanting since the rice yield increased as the transplanting date became late until June 15. Considering the yield, rice quality and profit, the most appropriate transplanting date of Unkwangbyeo in Honam plain area is the middle of June.
Growth and Yield Variation of Clay-coated Rice Seeds in Direct Seeding Culture on Dry Paddy
Weon-Young Choi,Hong-Kyu Park,Bon-IL Ku,Young-Jun Mo,Min-Gyu Choi,Sang-Su Kim,Chung-Kon Kim 韓國作物學會 2008 Korean journal of crop science Vol.53 No.3
Clay-coated rice seeds (clay-coated seeds A and B) were directly sown on dry paddy and their growth and yield were compared with the normal drill-sown seeds on dry flat paddy. In clay-coated seeds, germination was 1 day earlier and the emergence rate was higher up to 5% than that of normal drill-sown seeds. But the apparent number of seedling stand per m2 was lower than that of normal drill-sown seeds, which is due to the smaller amount of seeding in clay-coated seeds. At the early growth stage, the plant height of clay-coated seeds A was taller than that of drill-sown seeds, while the plant height of clay-coated seeds B was 0.7 cm shorter than that of drill-sown seeds. At the late growth stage, however, the difference was insignificant in both cases. The maximum tillering stage was 10 days earlier in drill-sown seeds. Lodging index was the lowest in clay-coated seeds B and there was no difference between clay-coated seeds A and drill-sown seeds. The ratio of stem base weight, culm diameter and culm wall thickness were higher in clay-coated seeds, while the lower internodes (4th, 5th and 6th) length was shorter in claycoated seeds than in drill-sown seeds. In clay-coated seeds, the number of panicle per m2 was smaller, while the number of spikelet per panicle was a little larger than in drill-sown seeds. The rate of ripened grain and brown rice 1,000 grain weight were lower in the clay-coated seeds, thus the yield was 98~99% level of drill-sown seeds. Considering that the amount of seeding in clay-coated seeds was two-thirds of that in drill-sown seeds, it is expected that clay coating method could become an additional technique for direct seeding cultivation.
대장내시경 검사 직후 복통 완화를 위한 직장관 사용의 유용성
김호진,장재권,박찬원,박정원,윤종보,김정구,송광수,이인범,조용호,허성호 대한소화기내시경학회 1999 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.19 No.1
Background/Aims: Abdominal distension from the insufflation of air can create more troublesome discomfort after colonoscopy (CFS) than after upper endoscopy. Many patients report difficulty in expelling insufflated air after CFS. One previous study demonstrated that insertion of rectal tube at the conclusion of CFS significantly improves patient satisfaction with the procedure. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of rectal tube placement for abdominal decompression after CFS in an effort to limit patient discomfort by carefully applying air suction during CFS. Methods: We conducted a prospective trial in 103 consecutive patients undergoing elective CFS. Patients were randomized to receive rectal tube placement at the end of the procedure or simple air suction during the procedure. Patients were evaluated by clinical symptoms and signs 10 minutes after completion of CFS. Results: All 103 patients had a complete examination of the colon to the cecum. No specific complications occurred during and a day after examination. The two groups were well matched with respect to age, sex, height, weight, chief complaints. There were no significant differences between the two groups for bowel preparation, duration of examination, abdominal pain during procedure, abdominal disten-sion 10 minutes after CFS, and abdominal pain 10 minutes after CFS (p >0.05). Conclusions: Meticulous air suction during CFS reduces abdominal discomfort and distension after CFS and is as effectively as the placement of a rectal tube at the con-clusion of CFS.