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현준석(Jun Seog Hyun),김원중(Won Joong Kim) 한국무역연구원 2015 무역연구 Vol.11 No.4
Under the Balassa-Samuelson model, the long-run equilibrium exchange rate condition is derived by assuming that the wage in the tradable goods equals that in the non-tradable goods. This paper relaxes this assumption and empirically examines the importance of wage differential between tradable and non-tradable goods in the long-run exchange rate. The cointegration analyses show that, in both nominal won/dollar exchange rate and in nominal effective exchange rate of won, the long-run equilibrium patterns in exchange rates are not found with the classical Balassa-Samuelson model. However, with the wage differential in the model, we find a strong long-run equilibrium in exchange rate. Based on the results, it is suggested that wage differential which also accounts for the differences in the labor market between tradable and non-tradable goods, should be included to analyze the long-run movement in the nominal exchange rate.
Crystal Structure of Ferrihydrite Nanoparticles Synthesized in Ferritin
Kim, Sung-Won,Seo, Hyang-Yim,Lee, Young-Boo,Park, Young-Seog,Kim, Kyung-Suk Korean Chemical Society 2008 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.29 No.10
In this study, horse spleen apoferritins were induced to form biominerals using up to 3000 Fe atoms per protein molecule. The morphology and crystallinity of the nanometer-sized biominerals formed in the ferritins were then analyzed using field emission-energy filtering-transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM). The ferritins were found to have reconstitution yields of 60-70% in the experiments. The mean core size of the ferritins varied somewhat with protein concentrations, indicating that crystal growth in ferritins could be controlled via protein concentrations. The core mineral size increased with the amount of Fe used. Lattice fringes of the core, associated with good crystallinity, were found in all samples. The lattice fringe images of a single domain ferrihydrite mineral appeared frequently in the (011) planes (d-spacing of 0.246 nm) under [100] zone axis in all samples of this study. In addition, the lattice image occasionally revealed fringes corresponding to the (100) planes (d = 0.254 nm) from the [001] zone axis, indicating the characteristic pattern of hexagonal crystal lattice. Diffraction patterns in the minerals identified as ferrihydrite were fitted well into the space group of $P3_{1c}$.
Cadms/SynCAMs/Necls/TSLCs Interact with Multi-PDZ Domain Protein MUPP1
Won Hee Jang(장원희),Young Joo Jeong(정영주),Sun Hee Choi(최선희),Sang-Jin Kim(김상진),Sang-Hwa Urm(엄상화),Il Soo Moon(문일수),Dae-Hyun Seog(석대현) 한국생명과학회 2014 생명과학회지 Vol.24 No.12
조직의 구조 안정성을 유지하는 세포 사이 연접복합체는 multi-PDZ domain protein 1 (MUPP1)을 포함하여 50종류 이상의 단백질로 이루어져 있다. MUPP1은 13개의 PDZ 도메인을 가지는 단백질로서 막경유(transmembrane) 단백질과 세포골격단백질이나 신호단백질 사이에서 scaffold로 작용한다고 알려져 있지만, MUPP1이 어떻게 세포막인접 단백질들을 연결하고 구조 안정화에 기여하는지에 대해 아직 명확히 밝혀지지 않았다. 본 연구에서 MUPP1의 PDZ 도메인과 상호 작용하는 단백질을 규명하기 위하여 효모 two-hybrid 방법을 이용, cell adhesion molecule 1 (Cadm1; SynCAM1, Necl-2 또는 TSLC1로도 알려짐)이 MUPP1과 결합하는 것을 확인하였다. Cadm1은 MUPP1의 2번째 PDZ 도메인과 결합하며, Cadm1의 C-말단에 존재하는 II 형 PDZ-결합모티프(-Y-F-I)가 MUPP1과의 결합에 필수적임을 확인하였다. 또한 MUPP1은 다른 Cadm family 단백질들인 Cadm2, Cadm3, 그리고 Cadm4와도 결합하며, 이러한 단백질간 결합은 glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down assay와 공동면역침강으로도 추가 확인하였다. 생쥐의 뇌 파쇄액을 MUPP1 항체로 면역침강하였을 때 Cadm1과 Cadm4가 같이 침강하였다. 이러한 결과들은 MUPP1이 세포 사이 연접에서 Cadms와 세포골격 단백질 사이를 연결한다는 것을 시사한다. Cell adhesion molecules determine the cell-cell binding and the interactions between cells and extracellular signals. Cell-cell junctional complexes, which maintain the structural integrity of tissues, consist of more than 50 proteins including multi-PDZ domain protein 1 (MUPP1). MUPP1 contains 13 postsynaptic density-95/disks large/zonula occludens-1 (PDZ) domains and serves a scaffolding function for transmembrane proteins and cytoskeletal proteins or signaling proteins, but the mechanism how MUPP1 links and stabilizes the juxtamembrane proteins has not yet been elucidated. We used the yeast two-hybrid system to identify proteins that interact with PDZ domains of MUPP1. We found an interaction between MUPP1 and cell adhesion molecule 1 (Cadm1, also known as SynCAM1, Necl-2, or TSLC1). Cadm1 bound to the second PDZ domain of MUPP1. The carboxyl (C)-terminal end of Cadm1 has a type II PDZ-association motif (-Y-F-I) which was essential for the interaction with MUPP1 in the yeast two-hybrid assay. MUPP1 also bound to the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail region of other Cadm family members (Cadm2, Cadm3, and Cadm4). In addition, these protein-protein interactions were observed in the glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down assay and by coimmunoprecipitation. Anti-MUPP1 antibody co-immunoprecipitated Cadm1 and Cadm4 with MUPP1 from mouse brain extracts. These results suggest that MUPP1 could mediate interaction between Cadms and cytoskeletal proteins.
Gartanin induces autophagy through JNK activation which extenuates caspase-dependent apoptosis
KIM, MUN-OCK,LEE, HYUN-SUN,CHIN, YOUNG-WON,MOON, DONG-OH,AHN, JONG-SEOG Spandidos Publications 2015 ONCOLOGY REPORTS Vol.34 No.1
<P>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Development of novel agents to eradicate liver cancer cells is required for treatment of HCC. Gartanin, a xanthone-type compound isolated from mangosteen, is known to possess potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifungal and antineoplastic properties. In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxic effect of gartanin on HCC and explored the cell death mechanism. We showed that gartanin induced both the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways, which were interconnected by caspase-8, -9 and -3 activation. We also provided convincing evidence that gartanin induced autophagy in various cancer cells, as demonstrated by acridine orange staining of intracellular acidic vesicles, the degradation of p62, the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II and GFP-LC3 punctate fluorescence. Additionally, gartanin induced the formation of typical autophagosomes and autolysosomes and enhanced the degradation rate of intracellular granule(s), including mitochondria. Notably, gartanin-mediated apoptotic cell death was further potentiated by pretreatment with autophagy inhibitors (3-methyladenine and bafilomycin A1) or small interfering RNAs against the autophagic genes (Atg5). These findings suggested that gartanin-mediated autophagic response protected against eventual cell death induced by gartanin. Moreover, gartanin treatment led to phosphorylation/activation of JNK and JNK-dependent phosphorylation of Bcl-2. Importantly, JNK inhibitor (SP600125) inhibited autophagy yet promoted gartanin-induced apoptosis, indicating a key requirement of the JNK-Bcl-2 pathway in the activation of autophagy by gartanin. Taken together, our data suggested that the JNK-Bcl-2 pathway was the critical regulator of gartanin-induced protective autophagy and a potential drug target for chemotherapeutic combination.</P>