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산업단지 및 일반생활 지역의 공기 중 톨루엔에 대한 개인노출 및 생체시료의 상관성 분석
이병준(Byoungjun Lee),허 정(Jung Heo),정다영(Dayoung Jung),김순신(Sunshin Kim),류현수(Hyeon-Su Ryu),최민지(Min-Ji Choi),솨이지엔페이(Jian-Fei Shuai),임성국(Sung-Guk Im),양원호(Wonho Yang) 한국환경보건학회 2017 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.43 No.4
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the correlation relationship between personal exposure and urinary hippuric acid in biological monitoring for airborne toluene in an industrial complex and in general environments. Methods: Personal exposure to toluene and its metabolite, hippuric acid, in urine were simultaneously measured in occupational environments area near an industrial complex and in general environments. The study subjects were divided into three types: 137 workers who use organic solvents in the workplace, 210 residents living near a dyeing industrial complex, and 379 residents living in general environments. The toluene exposures of workers and residents were measured by a passive sampler for four days. The urine of participants was sampled when the passive samplers of personal exposure were collected. Results: The toluene and hippuric acid concentrations of workers were the highest, followed by the concentrations of residents living near a dyeing industrial complex and residents living in general environments. The coefficient of correlation between the concentrations of toluene and hippuric acid among workers was 0.749 (p<0.01) in the workplace. On the contrary, correlations between the concentrations of toluene and hippuric acid among residents living near a dyeing industrial complex and residents living in general environments were all not significant. The relationship between the concentrations of hippuric acid and toluene in three types could be described by the exponential growth model. Conclusions: This study analyzed the relationships between toluene exposure and the concentrations of hippuric acid in urine in high, middle, and low exposure environments, and could be described by the exponential growth model.
종 분포 모형을 이용한 구상나무림의 지속 및 쇠퇴에 관한 연구 - 전라남도 광양시 백운산을 중심으로 -
조선희 ( Seon Hee Cho ),박종영 ( Jong Young Park ),박정호 ( Jeong Ho Park ),이양근 ( Yang Geun Lee ),문이만 ( Lee Man Mun ),강상호 ( Sang Ho Kang ),김광현 ( Gwang Hyun Kim ),윤종국 ( Jong Guk Yun ) 한국산림과학회 2015 한국산림과학회지 Vol.104 No.3
The present study investigated the habitats of Korean fir trees (Abies koreana E. H. Wilson) on Mt. Baekwun (Baekwun-san), determined the current distribution, quantified the contribution of biological and nonbiological environmental factors affecting the distribution, derived actual and potential habitats, presented a plan for the establishment of protected areas, applied RCP 8.5 climate change scenario to analyze the effects of climate change on the future distribution of Korean fir trees, and predicted future potential habitats. According to the results of the study, 3,325 Korean fir trees (DBH >= 2.5 cm) inhabited Mt. Baekwun, and their distribution area was approximately 150 ha. Populations of Korean fir trees were confirmed to exist at an altitude of 900 m above sea level and were distributed up to 1,200 m. Based on potential distribution, areas appropriate for habitation by Korean fir trees were analyzed to be 450 ha, three times the current distribution area, with a focus on Sang Peak (Sang-bong), Eokbul Peak (Eokbul-bong), Ddari Peak (Ddari-bong), and Dosol Peak (Dosol-bong). The forest stands near Sang Peak, the main peak, were evaluated as those with the most appropriate potential for the habitation of Korean fir trees, and populations of the trees tended to prefer the northern slope rather than the southern slope. When climate change scenario RCP 8.5 was applied and future potential distribution was analyzed, the habitats were expected to decrease in area to 20 ha by 2050, with a focus on Sang Peak, and areas appropriate for habitation were predicted not to exist by 2080. Judging from such results, as global warming accelerates, the habitats of Korean fir trees are clearly expected to move from lowlands to highlands.
Kim, Cheorl-Ho,Park, Young-Guk,Noh, Sang-Ho,Kim, Yeon-Kye Elsevier 2005 The international journal of biochemistry & cell b Vol.37 No.2
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Prostaglandin E<SUB>2</SUB> (PGE<SUB>2</SUB>), an abundant eicosanoid in bone, has been implicated in a number of pathological states associated with bone loss, and is also known to stimulate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 synthesis and secretion in rat and human osteoblast cells, although the nature of the intracellular reaction remains unclear. Although MMP-1 plays a critical role in bone-remodeling, it would be of interest to examine whether PGE<SUB>2</SUB> regulates MMP-1 expression by mouse osteoblasts or not. Here we demonstrate that PGE<SUB>2</SUB> is a potent inducer of MMP-1 production in fetal osteoblasts and show that PGE<SUB>2</SUB> stimulates the activity of the MMP-1 promoter in osteoblasts, suggesting that PGE<SUB>2</SUB> controls MMP-1 gene expression at least at the transcriptional level. PGE<SUB>2</SUB> induced MMP-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in the cells within 4h, and this expression was maintained for 36h. The increase in MMP-1 production with 0.1–2.0μM PGE<SUB>2</SUB> was dose-dependent. We also found that PGE2 (1.5μM) up-regulated MMP-1 protein levels in cultured mouse osteoblasts, as evidenced by ELISA. To examine whether PGE<SUB>2</SUB>-mediated response and signal pathway are involved in the intracellular action, the PGE<SUB>2</SUB>-mediated expression of the MMP-1 gene was investigated in mouse osteoblast cells. A Northern blot analysis showed that PGE<SUB>2</SUB> and PGE<SUB>1</SUB> were potent stimulators of MMP-1 transcription, and the presence of thromboxane B<SUB>2</SUB> had no effect. The increase in MMP-1 transcript after PGE<SUB>2</SUB> treatment was observed at 4h, reaching a maximum at 6h, and persisted for 24h. This response was dose-dependent. Cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, completely blocked this effect by PGE<SUB>2</SUB>, indicating that the expression of other genes is also required. The second messenger analog, 8-bromo-cAMP, mimicked the effects of PGE<SUB>2</SUB> by stimulating a dose-dependent increase in MMP-1 mRNA levels, with a maximal effect that was quantitatively similar to that observed with PGE<SUB>2</SUB>. Thus, the present results strongly suggest that the PGE<SUB>2</SUB> stimulation of MMP-1 synthesis is due to the activation of MMP-1 gene transcription and a subsequent marked increase in MMP-1 transcription. This effect is dependent on de novo protein synthesis and is mimicked by protein kinase A activation. The findings suggest that PGE<SUB>2</SUB> is involved in the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway in regulating MMP-1 gene expression in osteoblasts.</P>
KIM, Young Heui,CHUNG, Chan Bok,KIM, Jin Guk,KO, Kang Il,PARK, Sun Hee,KIM, Jong-Heon,EOM, Sang Yong,KIM, Young Sil,HWANG, Yong-Il,KIM, Ki Ho Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and A 2008 Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry Vol.72 No.2
<P>In order to investigate the potential of a <I>Sanguisorba officinalis</I> root extract as an active ingredient for wrinkle-care cosmetics, we measured its free radical scavenging activity, elastase inhibitory activity, expression of MMP-1 (matrix metalloprotease-1) <I>in vitro</I>, and type I collagen synthesis in normal human fibroblast cells. To isolate the main components from the <I>S. officinalis</I> root extract, we purified the extract by solvent fractionation, column chromatography, and recrystallization. The active component was identified as ziyuglycoside I by a spectroscopic analysis. Ziyuglycoside I increased the expression of type I collagen in a dose-dependent manner (by up to 71.3% at 50 μ<SMALL>M</SMALL>). A clinical study of a formulation containing ziyuglycoside I, which involved visual evaluation and image analysis, showed a significantly different effect (<I>p</I><0.05) of the test formulation from that of the placebo. This result suggests that ziyuglycoside I isolated from <I>S. officinalis</I> root extract could be used as an active ingredient for cosmetics.</P>
Kim Ji-Yeon,Jeon Tae-Won,Lee SangHee,Chung Chinkap,Joh Hyun-Sung,Lee Sang-Il,Yoon Chong-Guk 대한의생명과학회 2005 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.11 No.4
This study was conducted to determine the kinetics of cyclohexane metabolites (the biomarker on cyclohexane exposure), the changes of hepatic cyclohexane metabolizing enzyme activities and the metabolites of cyclohexane in urine or serum. The rats were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hr after administration of one dose of cyclohexane (1.56 g/kg body weight, i.p.). The metabolites of cyclohexane in urine were identified as cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, trans-l,2-cyclohexanediol and 1,4-cyclohexanediol with cyclohexane metabolite being 124.00, 0.78, 23.28 and 2.75 (g/g of creatinine, $1\times10^{-3}$). Most of the cyclohexanol and trans-l,2-cyclohexanediol were determined to be in the form of $\beta-glucuronide$ conjugates, whereas cyclohexanone and 1 ,4-cyclohexanediol were found as free forms. In toxicokinetics of serum cyclohexane metabolites, cyclohexanol showed a rapid increase, reaching the plateau at 4 hr, after this time rapidly decreased throughout 24 hr. Changes of cyclohexanone also showed the similar pattern with cyclohexanol except somewhat lower concentration. Trans-l,2-cyclohexanediol, however, showed a gradual increase until 12 hr with the continued same levels throughout 24 hr. On the other hand, 1,4-cyclohexanediol was detected as trace levels at 4 and 12 hr, respectively. The administration of cyclohexane led to a significant increase of hepatic aniline hydroxylase activity from 2 to 8 hr. The activity of hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase showed a significant increase at 4 hr and then were recovered to the level of the control at 24 hr. On the other hand, there were no differences in liver weightlbody weight between the control and cyclohexane-treated animals. However, there were the changes of aniline hydroxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase activities on time-dependent pattern after cyclohexane treatment, which influence on the degree of cyclohexane metabolites both in blood and urine. These results suggest that differential determination of cyclohexane metabolites in urine and serum may be able to be as a biomarker of cyclohexane-exposure in the body. But in this fields further study is needed.
Sang Un Kim,Kyung Kyu Yoon,Kyeong Gon Moon,In Seok Um,Young Son Cho,Young Guk Kim,Il Rae Rho 한국약용작물학회 2016 한국약용작물학술대회 발표집 Vol.2016 No.05
Background : This study was conducted to determine the effects of mulching, an environmentally friendly organic cultivation method, on antioxidant compounds and growth in Codonopsis lanceolata. Methods and Results : C. lanceolata was treated by mulching with a non-woven fabric, biodegradable film, or rice husks, as well as hand weeding, and non-treatment. The growth and levels of weed control in C. lanceolata were better in plants cultivated under mulching treatments (non-woven fabric, biodegradable film, and rice husks) than under non-mulching treatments (hand weeding, non-treatment). The contents of antioxidant compounds, such as total flavonoids, phenolics, and anthocyanin, were highest under biodegradable film treatment, followed by non-woven fabric treatment, rice husks treatment, hand weeding, and non-treatment. DPPH and ABTS activity were able to identify to have differences their activity in comparison to antioxidant compounds content by solvent fractions. Mulching treatments produced a higher activity in water and ethyl ether fractions for DPPH scavenging activity and in n-butanol fractions for ABTS scavenging activity compared to other fractions, although total activity of DPPH and ABTS were not increased with mulching treatments. Conclusion : Mulching C. lanceolata with biodegradable film and non-woven fabric is an effective method for improving plant growth and inhibiting the occurrence of weeds as well as increasing antioxidant compound content and changing of antioxidant activity.
Kim, Song-Gun,Rhee, Sung-Keun,Ahn, Chi-Yong,Ko, So-Ra,Choi, Gang-Guk,Bae, Jin-Woo,Park, Yong-Ha,Oh, Hee-Mock American Society for Microbiology 2006 Applied and environmental microbiology Vol.72 No.5
<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>The detection and prevention of cyanobacterial blooms are important issues in water quality management. As such, the diversity and community dynamics of cyanobacteria during cyanobacterial bloom in the Daechung Reservoir, Korea, were studied by analyzing the intergenic spacer (IGS) region between phycocyanin subunit genes <I>cpcB</I> and <I>cpcA</I> (<I>cpcBA</I> IGS). To amplify the <I>cpcBA</I> IGS from environmental samples, new PCR primers that could cover a wider range of cyanobacteria than previously known primers were designed. In the samples taken around the bloom peak (2 September 2003), seven groups of <I>cpcBA</I> IGS sequences were detected, and none of the amplified <I>cpcBA</I> IGSs was closely related to the <I>cpcBA</I> IGS from chloroplasts. Apart from the <I>Microcystis</I>-, <I>Aphanizomenon</I> (<I>Anabaena</I>)-, <I>Pseudanabaena-</I>, and <I>Planktothrix</I> (<I>Oscillatoria</I>)-like groups, the three other groups of <I>cpcBA</I> IGS sequences were only distantly related to previously reported sequences (<85% similarity to their closest relatives). The most prominent changes during the bloom were the gradual decrease and eventual disappearance of the <I>Aphanizomenon</I> (<I>Anabaena</I>)-like group before the bloom peak and the gradual increase and sudden disappearance of <I>Planktothrix</I> (<I>Oscillatoria</I>)-like groups right after the bloom peak. The community succession profile obtained based on the <I>cpcBA</I> IGS analysis was also supported by a PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of the 16S rRNA genes.</P>