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Worldsheet analysis of gauge/gravity dualities
Azeyanagi, Tatsuo,Hanada, Masanori,Kawai, Hikaru,Matsuo, Yoshinori Elsevier 2009 Nuclear Physics, Section B Vol. No.
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Gauge/gravity dualities are investigated from the worldsheet point of view. In [H. Kawai, T. Suyama, AdS/CFT correspondence as a consequence of scale invariance, Nucl. Phys. B 789 (2008) 209, arXiv:0706.1163 [hep-th]; H. Kawai, T. Suyama, Some implications of perturbative approach to AdS/CFT correspondence, Nucl. Phys. B 794 (2008) 1, arXiv:0708.2463 [hep-th]], a duality between 4d SYM and supergravity on <SUB>AdS5</SUB>×<SUP>S5</SUP> has been partly explained by using an anisotropic scale invariance of worldsheet theory. In this paper, we refine the argument and generalize it to lower dimensional cases. We show the correspondence between the Wilson loops in (p+1)-d SYM and the minimal surface in the black <I>p</I>-brane background. Although the scale invariance does not exist in these cases, the generalized scale transformation can be utilized. We also find that the energy density of open strings can be related to the ADM mass of the <I>p</I>-brane without relying on this symmetry.</P>
Kawai, Hiroshi,Shimada, Satoshi,Hanyuda, Takeaki,Suzuki, Teruaki,Gamagori City Office, Gamagori City Office The Korean Society of Phycology 2007 ALGAE Vol.22 No.3
Frequent occurrences of green tides caused by Ulva species (Ulvales, Ulvophyceae) associated with eutrophication along enclosed coasts are currently causing environmental problems in coastal ecosystems. In addition, increasing intercontinental introductions of coastal marine organisms, including Ulva, are also a serious issue. However, due to the considerable morphological plasticity of this genus, the taxonomy of Ulva species based on morphological studies is problematic. Therefore, in order to elucidate the species diversity and seasonal changes of the dominant Ulva species in Mikawa Bay, central Honshu, Japan, we made seasonal collections of Ulva species at seven localities, and identified the dominant species using the ITS2 rDNA region sequences. We identified the following nine taxa as common Ulva species in the area: 1) Ulva pertusa Kjellman; 2) U. ohnoi Hiraoka et Shimada; 3) U. linza L.; 4) U. californica Wille; 5) U. flexuosa Wulfen; 6) U. fasciata Delile; 7) U. compressa L.; 8) U. armoricana Dion et al.; 9) U. scandinavica Bliding. Among the species, U. pertusa was most common and dominant from spring to summer, and U. ohnoi from autumn to winter. Ulva californica and U. scandinavica have not been reported before from Japan.
Ergonomic Approaches to Content Creation for 3D Displays
Kawai, Takashi,Kishi, Shinsuke,Kim, Sang-Hyun,Yamazoe, Takashi,Shibata, Takashi,Inoue, Tetsuri,Sakaguchi, Yusuke,Okabe, Kazushige,Yasuhiro, Kuno The Korean Infomation Display Society 2007 Journal of information display Vol.8 No.1
This paper presents ergonomic approaches to editing and evaluating content for 3D displays. Two systems, a nonlinear editing system and an evaluation system, were developed to improve viewing safety and comfort for 3D content observers and provide better usability for the creators from the viewpoint of ergonomics.
Kawai, M.,Zhang, J.Q.,Saito, S.,Xiao, Y.,Hatta, H. The Korean Society for Composite Materials 2009 Advanced composite materials Vol.18 No.3
Off-axis compressive deformation behavior of a unidirectional CFRP laminate at high temperature and its strain-rate dependence in a quasi-static range are examined for various fiber orientations. By comparing the off-axis compressive and tensile behaviors at an equal strain rate, the effect of different loading modes on the flow stress level, rate-dependence and nonlinearity of the off-axis inelastic deformation is elucidated. The experimental results indicate that the compressive flow stress levels for relatively larger off-axis angles of $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ are about 50 percent larger than in tension for the same fiber orientations, respectively. The nonlinear deformations under off-axis tensile and compressive loading conditions exhibit significant strain-rate dependence. Similar features are observed in the fiber-orientation dependence of the off-axis flow stress levels under tension and compression and in the off-axis flow stress differential in tension and compression, regardless of the strain rate. A phenomenological theory of viscoplasticity is then developed which can describe the tension-compression asymmetry as well as the rate dependence, nonlinearity and fiber orientation dependence of the off-axis tensile and compressive behaviors of unidirectional composites in a unified manner. It is demonstrated by comparing with experimental results that the proposed viscoplastic constitutive model can be applied with reasonable accuracy to predict the different, nonlinear and rate-dependent behaviors of the unidirectional composite under off-axis tensile and compressive loading conditions.
Kawai, Hiroshi,Kamiya, Mitsunobu,Komatsu, Teruhisa,Nakaoka, Masahiro,Yamamoto, Tomoko,Marine Life Research Group of Takeno, Marine Life Research Group of Takeno The Korean Society of Phycology 2007 ALGAE Vol.22 No.1
In order to understand the impact of the heavy-oil pollution by the 1997 Nakhodka oil spill on the intertidal macroalgal vegetation, we have been monitoring succession in the intertidal flora since 1997 at Oh-ura, Takno, and Imago-Ura Cove, Kasumi in Hyogo Prefecture, northwestern coast of Honshu, Japan. We employed two different monitoring methods: 1) The percent cover of macro-algae (seaweeds) in 1 x 1 m quadrats along 450 m intertidal transects parallel to the shoreline were assessed and recorded by photographic imaging until 2002, and for 30-40 m transects of the most heavily polluted areas in 2004 and 2006; 2) The percent cover of macro-algae in 0.5 x 0.5 m quadrats along a transect line perpendicular to the shore were recorded and all macrophytes within the quadrat were completely removed to record the wet weight of each taxon (1997-2006). Based on the monitoring data, we conclude that the high intertidal zone at Imago-ura, where a large part of the stranded oil accumulated, suffered the heaviest damage and experienced the slowest recovery. In addition, although the original status of macroalgal vegetation before the impact was not well-documented, it appeared that recovery from the damage caused by the oil pollution required four to five years.
Long-Range Charge Transfer through DNA by Replacing Adenine with Diaminopurine
Kawai, Kiyohiko,Kodera, Haruka,Majima, Tetsuro American Chemical Society 2010 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.132 No.2
<P>A positive charge migrates along DNA mainly via a series of short-range charge transfer (CT) processes between G-C base pairs, which have relatively high HOMO levels. As such, the CT efficiency sharply decreases with the insertion of A-T base pairs between the G-C base pairs. We have previously demonstrated that the CT efficiency through DNA can be dramatically increased by using deazaadenine (Z), an analogue of A, to adjust the HOMO levels of the A-T base pairs closer to those of the G-C base pairs (<I>Nat. Chem.</I> <B>2009</B>, <I>1</I>, 156). In the present study, we have expanded this approach to show that the CT efficiency can also be increased by replacing A bases with diaminopurine (D).</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2010/jacsat.2010.132.issue-2/ja907409z/production/images/medium/ja-2009-07409z_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja907409z'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Reheating of the Universe as holographic thermalization
Kawai, S.,Nakayama, Y. North-Holland Pub. Co 2016 Physics letters. Section B Vol.759 No.-
<P>Assuming gauge/gravity correspondence we study reheating of the Universe using its holographic dual. Inflaton decay and thermalisation of the decay products correspond to collapse of a spherical shell and formation of a blackhole in the dual anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime. The reheating temperature is computed as the Hawking temperature of the developed blackhole probed by a dynamical boundary, and is determined by the inflaton energy density and the AdS radius, with corrections from the dynamics of the shell collapse. For given initial energy density of the inflaton field the holographic model typically gives lower reheating temperature than the instant reheating scenario, while it is shown to be safely within phenomenological bounds. (C) 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP(3).</P>