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Metagenomic Analysis of Fungal Communities Inhabiting the Fairy Ring Zone of Tricholoma matsutake
( Miae Kim1 ),( Hyeok Jun Yoon ),( Young Hyun You ),( Ye Eun Kim ),( Ju Ri Woo ),( Yeong Gyo Seo ),( Gyeong Min Lee ),( Young Ja Kim ),( Won Sik Kong ),( Jong Guk Kim ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.10
Tricholoma matsutake, an ectomycorrhiza that has mutual relationships with the rootlet of Pinus denisflora, forms a fruiting body that serves as a valuable food in Asia. However, the artificial culture of this fungus has not been successful. Soil fungi, including T. matsutake, coexist with many other microorganisms and plants; therefore, complex microbial communities have an influence on the fruiting body formation of T. matsutake. Here, we report on the structures of fungal communities associated with the fairy ring of T. matsutake through the pyrosequencing method. Soil samples were collected inside the fairy ring zone, in the fairy ring zone, and outside the fairy ring zone. A total of 37,125 sequencing reads were obtained and 728 to 1,962 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were observed in the sampling zones. The fairy ring zone had the lowest OTUs and the lowest fungal diversity of all sampling zones. The number of OTUs and fungal taxa inside and outside the fairy ring zone was, respectively, about 2 times and 1.5 times higher than the fairy ring. Taxonomic analysis showed that each sampling zone has different fungal communities. In particular, out of 209 genera total, 6 genera in the fairy ring zone, such as Hemimycena, were uniquely present and 31 genera, such as Mycena, Boletopsis, and Repetophragma, were specifically absent. The results of metagenomic analysis based on the pyrosequencing indicate a decrease of fungal communities in the fairy ring zone and changes of fungal communities depending on the fairy ring growth of T. matsutake.
중년 여성의 운동참여 종목간 신체구성 및 생활습관의 비교
김기진,안동찬,박주식,홍창배 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 2005 科學論集 Vol.31 No.-
This study was performed the comparison of body composition and lifestyle following to participating exercise events in middle-aged women. Subjects were divided to five groups by participating exercise events as non-exercise, swimming, running, aerobic dance, weight training. Abdominal circumferences showed a higher values in aerobic dance group and non-exercise group, and thigh circumference showed the highest values in aerobic dance group among groups. But skinfold thickness showed no significant differences among groups. Non-exercise group showed the lowest values of muscular volume amng groups. Lifestyle including general habits, recognition of obesity, and participating of regular exercise showed the difference between exercise and non-eercise groups. A most subjects could not satisfied the individual healthy status and body style, but have been interesting in obesity and healthful life. Although they have been performing a various exercise program for the prevention of obesity, they could not maintain the optimal body composition. Main reasons of these negative problems were suggested the irregular diet habit and negative lifestyle.
부상형 직파육묘방법에서 cell 크기에 따른 dibbling의 깊이가 담배 묘 생육에 미치는 영향
김영신,신주식,백기현,배길관 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 2001 煙草硏究 Vol.18 No.-
The objects of this study were to search ideal dibbling depth and cell size in direct-seeding improved float system. Percentage of dry cell was high in dibbling depth of 0.0mm and 7.5mm in every cell size. Dibbling treatment increased the seed germination rate. Germination power of the 128 cell was high in dibbling depth of 15.0mm or more, and that of the 162 cell and 200 cell was high in the depth of 12.5mm or more. Rate of usable plant of the 128 cell was high in dibbling depth of 15.0mm, and that of the 162 cell and 200 cell was high in the depth of 12.5mm. Compaction and low oxygen levels of media by deeper dibbling depth contribute significantly to spiral root. According to the interacting results of the treatments, dibbling depth of 15mm in 128 cell and that of 12.5mm in 162 cell and 200 cell were recommended to get high seed germination rate and good seedling growth.
GLASS/UP系 複合材料의 破壞에 미치는 NOTCH平徑의 影響
김귀식,박경석,오맹종,김주봉 濟州大學校工科大學附屬産業技術硏究所 1992 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.3 No.-
This study is investigated by experimental method and FEM about the effect of notch root radious(ρ) on the fracture of GFRP. The smaller ρshowed the fracture behavior which was mainly caused by the propagation of the stable crack, but the fracture behavior in the larger ρwas mainly caused by the spread of damage. The experimental value of the nominal stress could be estimated by FEM simulation and the load-displacement curve could also be drawn. According to the results simulated damage zone by FEM, as the ρis smaller, the damage begin at low stress.
김일수,김기우,정영재,손준식,송창재,박주석 한국공작기계학회 1999 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.8 No.6
This paper concentrates on the position control of a pneumatic cylinder under parameter variation. A closed-loop control is proposed to design the different controllers(P, PI, PID, PD controller) in order to choose the best controller based on the fast and accurate control of the system. It is shown that the control algorithm is robust and effective in attaining the fast and accurate position control of system under time-dependent parameter variation. Experimental results showed that PD controller law is effective to obtain the fast response and to increase the stability of the system. The method is a useful control algorithm which always automatically adjusts the position control in accordance with the error, using carrier wave of triangle type regardless of changes on the operating condition and physical differences between components.
GLASS/UR계 복합재료의 파괴에 미치는 NOTCH반경의 영향
김귀식,오맹종,박경석,김주봉 濟州大學校 工科大學 産業技術硏究所 1992 産業技術硏究報告 Vol.3 No.-
This study is investigated by experimental method and FEM about the effect of notch root radious(ρ) on the fracture of GFRP. The smaller ρ showed the fracture behavior which was mainly caused by the propagation of the stable crack, but the fracture behavior in the larger ρ was mainly caused by the spread of damage. The experimental value of the nominal stress could be estimated by FEM simulation and the load-displacement curve could also be drawn. According to the results simulated damage zone by FEM. as the ρ is smaller, the damage begin at low stress.
김민호,정주수,변건식 東亞大學校 附設 情報通信硏究所 1996 情報通信硏究所論文誌 Vol.4 No.1
In this paper we study trellis-coded modulation(TCM), used for data communication and sateliite communication with the purpose of gaining noise immunity over uncode transmission without altering the data rate. We design encoder followed by TCM design rule which increase the Ungerboeck's minimum intra-set distance, design the encoder of Calderbank and Mazo's analytical method followed by encode design rule with Turgeon's minimal complexity, converting to the Ungerboeck's encoder, and estimate the performance of two systems. Also, we estimate the performance with biterror rate of uncoded QPSK, coded TCM-8PSK and minimal complexity TCM-8PSK.
液膜法에 의한 구리 및 코발트이온의 分離時 共存鹽의 影響
金柱奉,姜奉根,李成植,全成均 東亞大學校 大學院 1988 大學院論文集 Vol.13 No.-
The effect of co-existing salts on the extraction of copper ion with LIX65N and cobalt ion with PC88A in aqueous solution and the copper permeation through the supported liquid membrane with LIX65N has been studied. 1.The maximum extraction constant, K?? of copper ions was obtained when the mole ratio of LIX65N concentration versus the concentration of copper ions was 6-fold. 2.The over all extraction constant, k?? and distribution ratio, D were inceased linealy wiht increasing difference of final pH and initial pH in aqueous solution and were decreased with increasing concentration of co-existing anion salts. 3.The extraction of cobalt ion with PC88A-Toluene system, hydrogen ion concentration were increased wiht increasing of distribution ratio and D was increased linealy wiht increasing PC88A concentration. 4.The rate of copper permeation through the supported liquid membrane wiht LIX65N-Toluene system were increased with increasing of concentration of etractant and hydrogen ions between up-stream and down-stream solution. 5.The initial flux of copper ions was decreased wiht increasing concentration of co-existing salts both up-stream and down-stream solution.
김경우,김우순,윤주식,채왕석,김동현 한국공작기계학회 2000 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2000 No.-
A new methodology is presented to evaluate material properties at high strain rates and high temperatures based on orthogonal metal cutting experiments and FEM simulations. Average strain rate and average temperature found in the deformation zone are computed and flow stress data at these conditions are modified until cutting forces calculated in simulations match those determined in experiments. Material properties obtained from this method were verified by additional metal cutting simulations. Derivation from cutting forces measured in experiments was less than 10%. The feasibility of tool design using FEM simulations is also demonstrated.