Regulation of cancer cell death by a novel compound, C604, in a c-Myc-overexpressing cellular environment

Jo, M.J.,Paek, A.R.,Choi, J.S.,Ok, C.Y.,Jeong, K.C.,Lim, J.H.,Kim, S.H.,You, H.J. North-Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2015 european journal of pharmacology Vol.769 No.-

<P>The proto-oncogene c-Myc has been implicated in a variety of cellular processes, such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Several c-Myc targets have been studied; however, selective regulation of c-Myc is not easy in cancer cells. Herein, we attempt to identify chemical compounds that induce cell death in c-Myc-overexpressing cells (STF-cMyc and STF-Control) by conducting MTS assays on approximately 4000 chemical compounds. One compound, C604, induced cell death in STF-cMyc cells but not STF-Control cells. Apoptotic proteins, including caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PAPP), were cleaved in C604-treated STF-cMyc cells. In addition, 5W620, HCT116 and NCI-H23 cells, which exhibit higher basal levels of c-Myc, underwent apoptotic cell death in response to C604, suggesting a role for C604 as an inducer of apoptosis in cancer cells with c-Myc amplification. C604 induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase in cells, which was not affected by apoptotic inhibitors. Interestingly, C604 induced accumulation of c-Myc and Cdc25A proteins. In summary, a chemical compound was identified that may induce cell death in cancer cells with c-Myc amplification specifically through an apoptotic pathway. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

TmSR-C, scavenger receptor class C, plays a pivotal role in antifungal and antibacterial immunity in the coleopteran insect Tenebrio molitor

Kim, S.G.,Jo, Y.H.,Seong, J.H.,Park, K.B.,Noh, M.Y.,Cho, J.H.,Ko, H.J.,Kim, C.E.,Tindwa, H.,Patnaik, B.B.,Bang, I.S.,Lee, Y.S.,Han, Y.S. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2017 Insect biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.89 No.-

Scavenger receptors (SRs) constitute a family of membrane-bound receptors that bind to multiple ligands. The SR family of proteins is involved in removing cellular debris, oxidized low-density lipoproteins, and pathogens. Specifically, class C scavenger receptors (SR-C) have also been reported to be involved in phagocytosis of gram-positive and -negative bacteria in Drosophila and viruses in shrimp. However, reports are unavailable regarding the role of SR-C in antifungal immune mechanisms in insects. In this study, a full-length Tenebrio molitor SR-C (TmSR-C) sequence was obtained by 5'- and 3'-Rapid amplification of cDNA ends-polymerase chain reaction (RACE-PCR). The TmSR-C full-length cDNA comprised 1671 bp with 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions of 23- and 107-bp, respectively. TmSR-C encodes a putative protein of 556 amino acid residues that is constitutively expressed in all tissues of late instar larvae and 2-day-old adults, with the highest transcript levels observed in hemocytes of larvae and adults. TmSR-C mRNA showed a 2.5-fold and 3-fold increase at 24 and 6 h after infection with Candida albicans and β-glucan, respectively. Immunoassay with TmSR-C polyclonal antibody showed induction of the putative protein in the cytosols of hemocytes at 3 h after inoculation of C. albicans. RNA interference (RNAi)-based gene silencing and phagocytosis assays were used to understand the role of TmSR-C in antifungal immunity. Silencing of TmSR-C transcripts reduced the survivability of late instar larvae at 2 days post-inoculation of C. albicans, Escherichia coli, or Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, in TmSR-C-silenced larvae, there was a decline in the rate of microorganism phagocytosis. Taken together, results of this study suggest that TmSR-C plays a pivotal role in phagocytosing not only fungi but also gram-negative and -positive bacteria in T. molitor.

Measurements of surgeons’ exposure to ionizing radiation dose: comparison of conventional and mini C-arm fluoroscopy

Sung, K. H.,Min, E.,Chung, C. Y.,Jo, B. C.,Park, M. S.,Lee, K. SAGE Publications 2016 The journal of hand surgery. journal of the Britis Vol.41 No.3

<P>This study was performed to measure the equivalent scattered radiation dose delivered to susceptible organs while simulating orthopaedic surgery using conventional and mini C-arm fluoroscopy. In addition, shielding effects on the thyroid, thymus, and gonad, and the direct exposure delivered to the patient's hands were also compared. A conventional and mini C-arms were installed in an operating room, and a hand and an operator phantom were used to simulate a patient's hand and a surgeon. Photoluminescence dosimeters were used to measure the equivalent dose by scattered radiation arriving at the thyroid, thymus, and gonad on a whole-body phantom in the position of the surgeon. Equivalent scattered radiation doses were measured in four groups: (1) unshielded conventional C-arm group; (2) unshielded mini C-arm group; (3) lead-shielded conventional C-arm group; and (4) lead-shielded mini C-arm group. Equivalent scattered radiation doses to the unshielded group were significantly lower in the mini C-arm group than those in the conventional C-arm group for all organs. The gonad in the lead-shielded conventional C-arm group showed the highest equivalent dose among operator-susceptible organs, and radiation dose was reduced by approximately 96% compared with that in the unshielded group. Scattered radiation was not detected in any susceptible organ in the lead-shielded mini C-arm group. The direct radiation dose to the hand phantom measured from the mini C-arm was significantly lower than that measured from the conventional C-arm. The results show that the equivalent scattered radiation dose to the surgeon's susceptible organs and the direct radiation dose to a patient's hand can be decreased significantly by using a mini C-arm rather than a conventional C-arm. However, protective lead garments, such as a thyroid shield and apron, should be applied to minimize radiation exposure to susceptible organs, even during use of mini C-arm fluoroscopy.</P>

Radotinib induces high cytotoxicity in c-KIT positive acute myeloid leukemia cells

Heo, S.K.,Noh, E.K.,Kim, J.Y.,Jo, J.C.,Choi, Y.,Koh, S.,Baek, J.H.,Min, Y.J.,Kim, H. North-Holland 2017 European journal of pharmacology Vol.804 No.-

<P>Previously, we reported that radotinib, a BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, induced cytotoxicity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. However, the effects of radotinib in the subpopulation of c-KIT-positive AML cells were unclear. We observed that low-concentration radotinib had more potent cytotoxicity in c-KIT-positive cells than c-KIT-negative cells from AML patients. To address this issue, cell lines with high c-KIT expression, HEL92.1.7, and moderate c-KIT expression, H209, were selected. HEL92.1.7 cells were grouped into intermediate and high c-HIT expression populations. The cytotoxicity of radotinib against the HEL92.1.7 cell population with intermediate c-HIT expression was not different from that of the population with high c-KIT expression. When H209 cells were grouped into c-KIT expression-negative and c-HIT expression-positive populations, radotinib induced cytotoxicity in the c-KIT-positive population, but not the c-KIT-negative population. Thus, radotinib induces cytotoxicity in c-KIT-positive cells, regardless of the c-KIT expression intensity. Therefore, radotinib induces significant cytotoxicity in c-KIT-positive AML cells, suggesting that radotinib is a potential target agent for the treatment of c-KIT-positive malignancies including AML.</P>

Polyphasic delimitation of a filamentous marine genus, Capillus gen. nov. (Cyanobacteria, Oscillatoriaceae) with the description of two Brazilian species

Taiara A. Caires,Goia de M. Lyra,Guilherme S. Hentschke,Aaron Matheus S. da Silva,Valter L. de Araújo,Célia L. Sant’Anna,José Marcos de C. Nunes 한국조류학회I 2018 ALGAE Vol.33 No.4

Lyngbya C. Agardh ex Gomont is a nonheterocytous cyanobacterial genus whose evolutionary history is still poorlyknown. The traditionally defined Lyngbya has been demonstrated to be polyphyletic, including at least five distinctclades, some of which have been proposed as new genera. Intraspecific diversity is also clearly underestimated in Lyngbyadue to the lack of unique morphological characters to differentiate species. In this study, we describe the new genusCapillus T. A. Caires, C. L. Sant’Anna et J. M. C. Nunes from benthic marine environments, including two new Brazilianspecies (here described as C. salinus T. A. Caires, C. L. Sant’Anna et J. M. C. Nunes, and C. tropicalis T. A. Caires, C. L. Sant’Anna et J. M. C. Nunes), and two species yet to be described, one of them from India (Capillus sp. 2.1), and the otherfrom United States of America, based on strain PCC 7419. Capillus species presented cross-wise diagonal fragmentation,assisted or not by necridic cells, which has not been previously mentioned for Lyngbya. Ultrastructural analyses showedthat C. salinus and C. tropicalis have numerous gas vesicles, which are rarely described for benthic marine species. Thenew genus formed a well-supported clade, and the D1-D1′ and Box B secondary structures of internal transcribed spaceralso supported the proposal of its new species. These findings help to clarify the diversity of species in the Lyngbya complexand the taxonomy of the group, and highlight the need of further floristic surveys in tropical coastal environments,which remain poorly studied.

Effects of chitosan coating and storage with dry ice on the freshness and quality of eggs.

Jo, C,Ahn, D U,Liu, X D,Kim, K H,Nam, K-C Poultry Science Association, etc 2011 Poultry science Vol.90 No.2

<P>To develop a method that can maintain egg freshness during practical storage conditions, eggs were coated with chitosan and stored with or without dry ice. The physicochemical and microbiological qualities of eggs were evaluated during 14 d of storage at 4 and 23°C without dry ice and at 23°C with dry ice. The combination of chitosan coating and dry ice significantly inhibited a Haugh unit decrease during storage at 23°C. No difference in functional properties, such as foaming ability, foam stability, and viscosity, among treatments was observed, but chitosan coating and storage with dry ice decreased the rate of pH increase and moisture loss in albumen at d 7 and 14. The eggs treated with chitosan coating and storage with dry ice had a significantly lower number of Salmonella Typhimurium inoculated on the egg surface than did control eggs during storage at 23°C. Results revealed that the combination of chitosan coating and storage with dry ice limited the moisture loss, CO(2) emission, and pH increase, which helped maintaining the freshness of eggs. Microbial growth was also inhibited during storage at 23°C.</P>

Effective suppression of C5a-induced proinflammatory response using anti-human C5a repebody

Hwang, D.E.,Choi, J.M.,Yang, C.S.,Lee, J.j.,Heu, W.,Jo, E.K.,Kim, H.S. Academic Press 2016 Biochemical and biophysical research communication Vol.477 No.4

The strongest anaphylatoxin, C5a, plays a critical role in the proinflammatory responses, causing the pathogenesis of a number of inflammatory diseases including sepsis, asthma, and rheumatoid arthritis. Inhibitors of C5a thus have great potential as therapeutics for various inflammatory disorders. Herein, we present the development of a high-affinity repebody against human C5a (hC5a), which effectively suppresses the proinflammatory response. A repebody scaffold composed of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) modules was previously developed as an alternative protein scaffold. A repebody specifically binding to hC5a was selected through a phage display, and its affinity was increased up to 5 nM using modular engineering. The repebody was shown to effectively inhibit the production of C5a-induced proinflammatory cytokines by human monocytes. To obtain insight into a mode of action by the repebody, we determined its crystal structure in complex with hC5a. A structural analysis revealed that the repebody binds to the D1 and D3 regions of hC5a, overlapping several epitope residues with the hC5a receptor (hC5aR). It is thus likely that the repebody suppresses the hC5a-mediated immune response in monocytes by blocking the binding of hC5a to its receptor. The anti-hC5a repebody can be developed as a potential therapeutic for C5a-involved inflammatory diseases.

Campylobacter 장염에 대한 역학적 연구 - 1 . 사람 , 동물 , 식품 및 강물에 있어서 Campylobacter jejuni 의 분포와 분리주의 혈청형

강호조,김용환,정병곤,박종일 경상대학교 축산진흥연구소 1989 畜産振興硏究所報 Vol.16 No.1

To investigate the epidemiological trait of gastroenteritis of human caused by C. jejuni isolation of etiological agent was carried out. Isolated C. jejuni were biotyped and serotyped. A total of 1929 specimens from 438 human, 182 milking cows, 200 cattle, 187 goats, 70 dogs, 426 pigs, 278 chickens, 148 duck, 50 raw milk, 110 chicken meat, 20 duck liver and 50 river water was examined for the presence of C. jejuni, and C. coli by direct plating and enrichment techniques. Isolation rates detected in human, animals food and water were as follows : human 0.796, ducks 54.7%, dogs 37.196, chickens 33.7%, goats 26.7%, cattle 25.5%, pigs 19.9% and milking cows 7.7%. The organism was isolated from 65% of 20 duck livers and from 2096 of 110 chicken west. Campylobacter was not recovered from raw river water. The majority of the isolated 201 strains of C. jejuni was classified as biotype I (53.7%) and biotype II (36.896). 117 strains of C. coli were 59.896 of biotype I , 40.1% biotype II. Isolated C. jejuni stranis showed 13 different serotype, and serotype 4, 5, 26 end 36 were most frequent. C. coli strains howed 7 different serotype, and serotype 21, 25 and 29 were relatively commom.

Campylobacter장염에 대한 역학적 연구 2. 분리주의 항균물질에 대한 감수성과 plasmid 유형

강호조(Ho Jo KANG),김용환(Young Hwan KIM),이수청(Soo Cheung LEE),박종일(C.E PARK) 한국예방수의학회 1989 예방수의학회지 Vol.13 No.1

Drug-resistant strains isolated from animals have have become an increasingly serious problem because of their resistance to antimicrobial agents and as potential donors of their R-Plasmid to sensitive strains. A total of 129 strains of C. jejuni isolated from pigs and chickens were examined for the susceptibility to 10 antimicrobial agents. Minimal inhibit-ory concentration(MIC) ranges of antimicrobial agents to C. jejuni isolates were○0.2 to 12.5㎍/㎖ for gentamicin and chloramphenicol, ○0.2to25㎍/㎖ for kanamycin and nalidixic acid 0.2 to○400㎍/㎖ for streptomycin. Resistance rates of C. jejuni were showed to in order of cephalothin(100%) rifampin(86%), streptomycin(74.4%), tetracycline(58.1%), erythromycin(24.8%) and ampicillin(3.1%), all of the strains were sensitive to chloramphenicol, gentamicin and kanamycin. The drug resistance patterns of 87 chicken isolates to C. jejuni to 10 antimicrobial agents were showe different patterns, and Cep Sm Re Tc pattern and Cep Sm Re pattern were relatively common, and also 42 pig isolates were showed 5different patterns and Cep Sm Tc pattern were most frequeint and Cep Sm Re Tc pattern were most frequent. A total of 57 isolates of C. jejuni were subjected to test for the presence of plasmid DNA of the isolates examined. 68.4% of the isolates were noted to harbor plasmid DNA. Plasmid occurence rate from pigs and chickens were 70.6% and 62.%, respectively. The strain with a large molecular weight plasmid, ranging from 30-78Md were identified as tetracycline resistant.

Possible involvement of hippocampal immediate-early genes in contextual fear memory deficit induced by cranial irradiation

Son, Y.,Kang, S.,Kim, J.,Lee, S.,Kim, J.C.,Kim, S.H.,Kim, J.S.,Jo, S.K.,Jung, U.,Youn, B.,Shin, T.,Yang, M.,Moon, C. Academic Press, Inc 2016 INC. Vol.133 No.-

Cranial irradiation can trigger adverse effects on brain functions, including cognitive ability. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying radiation-induced cognitive impairments remain still unknown. Immediate-early genes (IEGs) are implicated in neuronal plasticity and the related functions (i.e., memory formation) in the hippocampus. The present study quantitatively assessed changes in the mRNA and protein levels of the learning-induced IEGs, including Arc, c-fos, and zif268, in the mouse hippocampus after cranial irradiation using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Mice (male, 8-week-old C57BL/6) received whole-brain irradiation with 0 or 10Gy of gamma-ray and, 2weeks later, contextual fear conditioning (CFC) was used to induce IEGs. In the CFC task, mice evaluated 2weeks after irradiation exhibited significant memory deficits compared with sham (0Gy)-irradiated controls. The levels of mRNA encoding IEGs were significantly upregulated in the hippocampus 10 and 30min after CFC training. The mRNA levels in the irradiated hippocampi were significantly lower than those in the sham-irradiated controls. The IEG protein levels were significantly increased in all hippocampal regions, including the hippocampal dentate gyrus, cornu ammonis (CA)1, and CA3, after CFC training. The CFC-induced upregulation of Arc and c-fos in 10Gy-irradiated hippocampi was significantly lower than that in sham-irradiated controls, although there were no significant differences in the protein levels of the learning-induced zif268 between sham-irradiated and 10Gy-irradiated hippocampi. Thus, cranial irradiation with 10Gy of gamma-ray impairs the induction of hippocampal IEGs (particularly Arc and c-fos) via behavioral contextual fear memory, and this disturbance may be associated with the memory deficits evident in mice after cranial irradiation, possibly through the dysregulation of neuronal plasticity during memory formation.