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張錫河 慶一大學校 1987 論文集 Vol.3 No.1
Every Temple which are constructed in our country has its own particularity. They treated space not only with the condition of site location but also background of spirit doing the religious ceromony. In this paper, we try to find Korean Buddhist temples site planning transition and the background of the spirit existing in Buddhist temples.
張錫河,郭東曄 慶一大學校 1993 論文集 Vol.9 No.1
The purpose of this study is research the approach and basic principle which make it possible to establish the consistent and subjective direction on the proportion method of JUSIMPO MABE Style plane in the traditional Korean architecture. The object of research which should be considered in dealing with traditional concept on proportion are as follows. What is the proporional method in the plane of the Korean traditional architecture.
中庭式 伽藍의 意匠學的 硏究 : -八公山地域 寺刹을 中心으로- -Centered on the Temple in the Mt. Palgong Area-
張錫河 慶一大學校 1987 論文集 Vol.3 No.1
To find out the characteristics of '□'-type 'Chungcheong', 6 temples in the Mt. Palgong area are examined and analyzed. then the results are as followed: 1) the effects of temple space are maximized on '□'-type formation of building by the establishment of central axis line and the organization of unit space with 3 hierachical formation of the site. 2) The building formation of temples and the determination of major building site are considered in the visual effects mostly and the establishment of temple area is divided 2 areas according to visual effects. 3) Size determination of 'Chungcheong' is considered to plan the formation of temple by its totality, not to organize the building and 'Chungchoeng' separately. And major building is the dynamic plane form in 1:√2.
이정하,강진석,최연성,김장형 제주대학교 공과대학 첨단기술연구소 2002 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.13 No.2
In this paper, we propose a face region detection based on skin-color distribution and facial feature extraction algorithm in color still images. To extract face region, we transform color using general skin-color distribution. Facial features are extracted by edge transformation. This detection process reduces calculation time by a scale-down scanning from segmented region. we can detect face region in various facial Expression, skin-color deference and tilted face images.
陶山書院 配置에 관한 硏究 : 陶山書堂 營建記의 內容을 中心으로
郭東曄,張錫河 慶一大學校 1993 論文集 Vol.9 No.1
This study is to search for the evolution of Dosan Seowon on the basis of documents on it. Dosan Sewon of Dosanseodang, Nongunjungsa, and Yeokracseojae had been built up on Toe-Kye's lifes and was thought to be reflected on architectural thoughts of Confucisists in the period of Cho-Sun dynasty. As the results of this study, we can suggest that ideas of practical management and pragmatism based upon naturalism and practical science of Toe-Kye and his disciples were reflected on site selection and planning of Dosan Seowon.
Secreted protein lipocalin-2 promotes microglial M1 polarization
Jang, Eunha,Lee, Shinrye,Kim, Jong-Heon,Kim, Jae-Hong,Seo, Jung-Wan,Lee, Won-Ha,Mori, Kiyoshi,Nakao, Kazuwa,Suk, Kyoungho The Federation of American Societies for Experimen 2013 The FASEB Journal Vol.27 No.3
<P>Activated macrophages are classified into two different forms: classically activated (M1) or alternatively activated (M2) macrophages. The presence of M1/M2 phenotypic polarization has also been suggested for microglia. Here, we report that the secreted protein lipocalin 2 (LCN2) amplifies M1 polarization of activated microglia. LCN2 protein (EC<SUB>50</SUB> 1 μg/ml), but not glutathione <I>S</I>-transferase used as a control, increased the M1-related gene expression in cultured mouse microglial cells after 8–24 h. LCN2 was secreted from M1-polarized, but not M2-polarized, microglia. LCN2 inhibited phosphorylation of STAT6 in IL-4-stimulated microglia, suggesting LCN2 suppression of the canonical M2 signaling. In the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse neuroinflammation model, the expression of LCN2 was notably increased in microglia. Primary microglial cultures derived from LCN2-deficient mice showed a suppressed M1 response and enhanced M2 response. Mice lacking LCN2 showed a markedly reduced M1-related gene expression in microglia after LPS injection, which was consistent with the results of histological analysis. Neuroinflammation-associated impairment in motor behavior and cognitive function was also attenuated in the LCN2-deficient mice, as determined by the rotarod performance test, fatigue test, open-field test, and object recognition task. These findings suggest that LCN2 is an M1-amplifier in brain microglial cells.—Jang, E., Lee, S., Kim, J.-H., Kim, J.-H., Seo, J.-W., Lee, W.-H., Mori, K., Nakao, K., Suk, K. Secreted protein lipocalin-2 promotes microglial M1 polarization.</P>
Jang, Sun-Hee,Park, Jisang,Jang, Seung-Hwan,Chae, Soo-Wan,Jung, Su-Jin,So, Byung-Ok,Ha, Ki-Chan,Sin, Hong-Sig,Jang, Yong-Suk 한국조명·전기설비학회 2016 한국조명·전기설비학회 학술대회논문집 Vol. No.
<P><I>Ophiocordyceps sinensis</I> is a natural fungus that has been valued as a health food and used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. The fungus is parasitic and colonizes insect larva. Naturally occurring <I>O. sinensis</I> thrives at high altitude in cold and grassy alpine meadows on the Himalayan mountain ranges. Wild <I>Ophiocordyceps</I> is becoming increasingly rare in its natural habitat, and its price limits its use in clinical practice. Therefore, the development of a standardized alternative is a great focus of research to allow the use of <I>Ophiocordyceps</I> as a medicine. To develop an alternative for wild <I>Ophiocordyceps</I>, a refined standardized extract, CBG-CS-2, was produced by artificial fermentation and extraction of the mycelial strain <I>Paecilomyces hepiali</I> CBG-CS-1, which originated from wild <I>O. sinensis</I>. In this study, we analyzed the <I>in vitro</I> immune-modulating effect of CBG-CS-2 on natural killer cells and B and T lymphocytes. CBG-CS-2 stimulated splenocyte proliferation and enhanced Th1-type cytokine expression in the mouse splenocytes. Importantly, <I>in vitro</I> CBG-CS-2 treatment enhanced the killing activity of the NK-92MI natural killer cell line. These results indicate that the mycelial culture extract prepared from <I>Ophiocordyceps</I> exhibits immune-modulating activity, as was observed <I>in vivo</I> and this suggests its possible use in the treatment of diseases caused by abnormal immune function.</P>
Customized 3D Printed Bolus for Breast Reconstruction for Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM)
Ha, Jin-Suk,Jung, Jae Hong,Kim, Min-Joo,Jeon, Mi Jin,Jang, Won Suk,Cho, Yoon Jin,Lee, Ik Jae,Kim, Jun Won,Suh, Tae Suk Korean Society of Medical Physics 2016 의학물리 Vol.27 No.4
We aim to develop the breast bolus by using a 3D printer to minimize the air-gap, and compare it to commercial bolus used for patients undergoing reconstruction in breast cancer. The bolus-shaped region of interests (ROIs) were contoured at the surface of the intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) thorax phantom with 5 mm thickness, after which the digital imaging and communications in mdicine (DICOM)-RT structure file was acquired. The intensity-modulated radiation therapy (Tomo-IMRT) and direct mode (Tomo-Direct) using the Tomotherapy were established. The 13 point doses were measured by optically stimulated luminescence (OSLD) dosimetry. The measurement data was analyzed to quantitatively evaluate the applicability of 3D bolus. The percentage change of mean measured dose between the commercial bolus and 3D-bolus was 2.3% and 0.7% for the Tomo-direct and Tomo-IMRT, respectively. For air-gap, range of the commercial bolus was from 0.8 cm to 1.5 cm at the periphery of the right breast. In contrast, the 3D-bolus have occurred the air-gap (i.e., 0 cm). The 3D-bolus for radiation therapy reduces the air-gap on irregular body surface that believed to help in accurate and precise radiation therapy due to better property of adhesion.
Ha, Jang Ho,Jang, Hyun A.,Moon, Ki-Beom,Baek, Kwang Hyun,Choi, Gyung Ja,Choi, Doil,Cho, Hye Sun,Kwon, Suk Yun,Jeon, Jae-Heung,Oh, Sang-Keun,Kim, Hyun-Soon G. Fischer 2017 Journal of plant physiology Vol. No.
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We previously isolated <I>Nicotiana benthamiana</I> matrix metalloprotease 1 (<I>NMMP1</I>) from tobacco leaves. The <I>NMMP1</I> gene encodes a highly conserved, Zn-containing catalytic protease domain that functions as a factor in the plant’s defense against bacterial pathogens. Expression of <I>NMMP1</I> was strongly induced during interactions between tobacco and one of its pathogens, <I>Phytophthora infestans</I>. To elucidate the role of the <I>NMMP1</I> in defense of <I>N. benthamiana</I> against fungal pathogens, we performed gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies. <I>NMMP1</I>-overexpressing plants had stronger resistance responses against <I>P. infestans</I> infections than control plants, while silencing of <I>NMMP1</I> resulted in greater susceptibility of the plants to the pathogen. This greater susceptibility correlated with fewer <I>NMMP1</I> transcripts than the non-silenced control. We also examined cell death as a measure of disease. The amount of cell death induced by the necrosis-inducing <I>P. infestans</I> protein 1, PiNPP1, was dependent on <I>NMMP1</I> in <I>N. benthamiana</I>. Potato plants overexpressing <I>NMMP1</I> also had enhanced disease resistance against <I>P. infestans.</I> RT-PCR analysis of these transgenic potato plants revealed constitutive up-regulation of the potato defense gene <I>NbPR5. NMMP1</I>-overexpressing potato plants were taller and produced heavier tubers than control plants. We suggest a role for <I>NMMP1</I>in pathogen defense and development.</P>